Dokin Przewalski

Dokin daji na Przewalski wani nau’i ne da aka gano a cikin 1878 kusa da hanyar Tang-La. A farkon karni na 11, akwai 15-1000 daga cikin wadannan dabbobi, kuma a yanzu, godiya ga kokarin hadin gwiwar masana kimiyya da kungiyoyin muhalli, adadin su ya wuce shugabannin XNUMX, wanda kusan rabin suna cikin mazauninsu na halitta.

Dawakan daji na Przewalski

Gano Przewalski

A lokacin balaguron bincikensa na biyu a tsakiyar Asiya, Nikolai Przhevalsky, tare da masana kimiyyar da ke tare da shi, sun ga garken dawakai na daji. Dawakai ne ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙanta masu girman kai da wuyan wuya. Jakinsu mai launin yashi-ja-jaja ne, kuma “safa” mai duhu ya bayyana a ƙananan ƙafafu. An bambanta dabbobin da ɗan guntun man shanu da wutsiya masu kama da jaki.

Mai binciken ya zama mai sha’awar nau’in dawakai da ba a san su ba, amma bai yi nasara ba wajen kusantar garken. Makonni da yawa yana farautar wannan haɗin gwiwa yana kallonta daga nesa. Da zarar Przhevalsky ya sami damar ganin yadda wata mace ta kare ɗanta daga harin maharbi. Ta tattake kerkeci a ƙarƙashin kofatonta. Abokan Nikolai Mikhailovich sun rinjayi shi don ci gaba da balaguro, amma bai yarda ba, ba zai iya komawa gida ba tare da ganima ba.

Farautar dawakan daji zai iya ci gaba har tsawon wasu watanni, idan ba abokin Przhevalsky ba, Fedor Eklon. Da ya ziyarci gidan wani maharbi Kirghiz, ya ga fata da kwanyar doki a can. Abokin Nikolai Mikhailovich ya amince da musayar riba – don fata, ya ba da harsashi da bindiga ga Kirghiz. Don haka ragowar nau’in daji ya fada hannun mai binciken.

Przhevalsky ya aika da kayan zuwa Cibiyar Zoological a St. Petersburg, inda Polyakov Ivan Semyonovich yayi nazari. Ya gano cewa fata da kashin kwanyar na cikin jinsin da ba a yi nazari ba ya zuwa yanzu. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa ragowar dabbar daji ba ta da alaka da jaki, haka kuma ba ta da alaka da dawakan gida.. Saitin chromosomes a cikin nau’in da aka samo bai dace da na ƙarshe ba.

Wurin zama

Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa kakannin dokin Przewalski su ne tarpan. Mazauni na halitta shine Mongoliya, yammacin Kazakhstan na zamani da Sin. A yankin Mongolian ne aka ga garken dawakan dawakai na karshe. Wannan ya faru a cikin 1969. A wannan wuri, yana yiwuwa a kama mutane da yawa kuma, bisa ga genotype, sake haifar da yawan jama’a.

A cewar mazauna yankin, adadin dabbobin waɗannan dabbobi ya ragu sosai a farkon 1945. A wannan lokacin, lokacin sanyi mai tsanani ya fito a Mongoliya – ma’aunin zafi da sanyio ya ragu zuwa -40 digiri. Sojojin China-Mongoliya sun lalata wani bangare na dabbobin.

Dawakan Przewalski

A yau, dokin Przewalski yana da kariya kuma yana zaune a yankunan da aka karewa na Asiya, Turai, da Amurka. A cikin 90s na karni na XX, masana kimiyya sun saki mutane da yawa a yankin Chernobyl. Bisa ga sabon bayanai, dabbobin suna jin dadi sosai. Shekaru da yawa, 3 garke sun kafa a yankin keɓe.

Halayen waje na irin

Dokin Przewalski dabba ne da ke da tsarin mulki mai yawa, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasusuwa da haɓakar tsokoki. Yi la’akari da fasalulluka na waje na irin:

• matsakaicin tsayin namiji shine 1,36 m;
• kai ya fi girma tare da ƙananan siffofi;
• auricles suna m, suna nunawa a iyakar;
• madaidaicin wuyansa yana da girma, ƙyallen ba a bayyana ba;
• jiki gajere ne;
• layin baya madaidaiciya;
• croup saukar da oval;
• kirji yana da girma, mai zurfi, girmansa shine 1,55-1,59 m;
• kafafu suna da bakin ciki, madaidaiciya tare da saitin daidai;
• stratum corneum na kofato yana da ko da, ƙarfi, kuma yana da sheki mai sheki.

Hankali! Ta nau’in jiki, dawakan Przewalski suna kusa da hawan dawakai, amma, ba kamar nau’ikan da aka noma ba, suna da babban kai, wanda ke cin amanar asalinsu na daji.

Irin nau’in yana da launi na savras – inuwa mai yashi na ulu tare da baƙar fata a kan ƙananan ƙafafu. Akwai ɗigon duhu tare da dukan tsawon baya tare da ginshiƙan kashin baya. Makin dawakai gajere ne, don haka koyaushe yana tsaye a tsaye. An rasa bangs. A yawancin mutane, gashin da ke cikin hanci yana da launin fari, kuma a wasu yana da launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa. Wutsiya na dawakai na daji yana da halaye na kansa – a tushe, gashin da ke kan shi yana da gajere da launin launi a cikin launi na kwat da wando, kuma ƙarshensa yana rufe da dogon gashi mai duhu.

Hali, salon rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki na dawakan daji

Dawakan daji a cikin yanayi suna samar da garken shanu ko shoals, wanda ya ƙunshi shugaban ƙwanƙwasa, ƴaƴan ɗiya da zuriyarsu. Kowane rukuni yana da kusan mutane 15-20, wani lokacin ma fiye. Dabbobi suna ci gaba da binciken sabbin wurare don neman abinci. Babbar mace ce ke jagorantar garken, kuma aikin shugaba shi ne kula da lafiyar kungiyar. Yawancin lokaci yana tafiya a baya, yana kare sauran daga harin maharbi.

Dawakan daji suna yin garke a yanayi

Kungiyar ta hada da ’ya’ya maza masu shekara uku. Idan sun kai wannan zamani, shugaba ya kore su. Matasa ’yan doki suna yawo su kaɗai ko kuma su kafa nasu garken, waɗanda tsofaffi suke ƙusa, ba za su iya kare kansu ba.

Dawakan Przewalski suna ciyar da kiwo – ciyayi masu girma a cikin ciyayi, amfanin gona. A cikin hunturu, dole ne su sami abinci daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, suna tono shi da kofatonsu. Dabbobi suna kiwo da sassafe ko magariba. Sun gwammace su zauna a kan maɗaukakin wurare tare da kyakkyawan gani. Lokacin da ƴaƴan ƴaƴan mata suka huta, shugaba ne ke da alhakin kare lafiyarsu. Jin hayaniya ko ganin mafarauta, sai ya fara maƙwabta da ƙarfi, kamar yana shelar ƙararrawa.

Magana. Idan hatsari ya riske garken, tururuwa suka yi da’ira, a cikinsu akwai kananan dabbobi da mata. Maza sun juya baya ga abokan gaba kuma su yi yaƙi da kofatonsu.

Haihuwa da tarbiyyar zuriya

Balagawar jima’i a cikin dawakai na daji yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 2-3 shekaru. Farauta a cikin mares yana bayyana a lokacin dumi. Ciki yana ɗaukar watanni 11,5. Kowace mace ta haifi jariri daya. Tun lokacin haihuwar foals ga mafi yawan lokuta yana faruwa a lokacin rani, lokacin da akwai isasshen abinci a cikin steppes, suna girma da sauri, suna karɓar madarar uwa mai gina jiki.

Tuni 2 makonni bayan haihuwa, foals fara cin koren ciyayi, ko da yake na da yawa watanni da uwa ciyar da su da madara. Bayan sun kai shekaru uku, samari maza suna barin garkensu na asali.

Babbar matsalar da masana kimiyya suka fuskanta ita ce haihuwa. Wannan ketare dawakan daji ne da ke da alaƙa ta kud-da-kud, saboda dukan mutanen zamani na nau’in sun fito ne daga mutane 11 ko 15 da aka kama a Dzungaria a farkon karni na XNUMX. Don gujewa maye gurbi da lalata nau’in, an yanke shawarar zabar dabbobi sosai don haifuwa da musayar kantuna tsakanin cibiyoyin kiwo. A cewar masana kimiyya, farfaɗo da wannan layin aiki ne mai yuwuwa.