Horoughbred doki iri

Dabbobin dawakai na dawakai sun bambanta da sauran su a cikin bushewar tsarin mulki, da bakin ciki da haske na kwarangwal, tsananin zafin hali da karfin hali. An tsara waɗannan dawakai don hawa a cikin sirdi kuma ana amfani da su a cikin ƙwararrun wasannin dawaki. A kan tushen zeedbred iri, an inganta layin-iri – tsere da haske-harness.

doki sosai

Menene tsarkin layin zuriya?

Bisa ga rabe-rabe na zamani, nau’in purebred sune:

• Larabci;
• hawan Ingilishi;
• Akhal-Teke.

Hankali! A cikin harsunan Ingilishi, dawakan Barbary na asalin gabas suma suna cikin wannan rukunin.

Kalmar “purebred” tana nufin cewa layin nau’in an haife su ne kawai “a cikin kansu”, ba tare da kwararar wasu layin jini ba. Littattafan kiwo na waɗannan nau’ikan sun daɗe an rufe su, kuma ana aiwatar da ƙarin zaɓi a cikin tsabta.

Wadanne halaye ne purebreds suke da su?

Dawakan da aka haifa cikin tsarkin jini suna da kyawawan kyau da alheri. Ba za a iya kiran halayensu natsuwa ba. Waɗannan dawakai ne masu girman kai da rashin kunya, suna buƙatar hanya ta musamman. Misali, dawakai na Ingilishi sun shahara da wahalar horar da su daidai saboda tsananin zafinsu. Mutum mai kwarewa ne kawai zai iya hawan su.

An san dawakan Akhal-Teke a matsayin dabbobi masu girman kai waɗanda ke buƙatar girmamawa. Ba sa biyayya ga baƙi, ba sa barin su kusa da su, amma suna nuna biyayya ga ubangijinsu. Dawakan irin na Larabawa suna da juriya da juriya. Waɗannan su ne manyan halayen halayensu. Godiya gare su, dawakai suna iya yin nasara a tseren tsere, suna fafatawa da wakilan nau’in hawan Ingilishi. Na karshen gudu sauri, amma gaji da sauri.

Bayanin nau’ikan purebred

Dokin Larabawa

Larabawa a yankin Larabawa ne suka kirkiro wannan nau’in tsaftataccen nau’in a karni na 4-7 AD. Badawiyyawan suna buƙatar ƙarfi da ƙarfi, da dawakai masu sauri, domin a kullum makiyaya ne. Larabawa sun kusanci aikin zaɓin tare da duk tsangwama, suna barin mafi kyawun mutane kawai a haifa. Halin da dabbobin ke rayuwa a cikin su ya sa su huta da halayen su kuma ya sa su zama marasa gajiya, ƙarfi da taurin kai.

Dokin Larabawa

Dawakan Larabawa sun dade ba su fita daga yankin Larabawa ba, kuma an hana su fitar da su da sayar da su zuwa wasu kasashe cikin zafin mutuwa. A lokacin yakin Salibiyya, wadannan dabbobi masu daraja sun zo Turai. Karfinsu da kyawun su bai wuce ba. Nan da nan aka fara amfani da dawakan Larabawa a matsayin masu inganta kiwon dawakai da ƙirƙirar sabbi.

A lokacin mulkin Ivan the Terrible, dawakai sun zo cikin ƙasar Rasha. An yi amfani da kyawawan dawakai masu kauri daga Larabawa don ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan nau’ikan:

• Oryol trotter;
• Terskaya;
• maharba;
• Andalus;
• Lusitaniya;
• Lipizzan;
• barbari.

Hankali! Jinin Larabawa kuma yana gudana a cikin jijiyoyin wasu manyan dawakai masu nauyi, misali, Percherons da Boulogne zane dawakai.

Halayen waje

Matsakaicin tsayin tsattsauran tsararren ƙwararren ɗan wasan Larabawa ya bambanta tsakanin 1,54-1,56 m. Irin nau’in yana da launin toka mai launin toka, ko da yake akwai dawakai masu launin ja, baƙar fata da bay. Daban-daban na nau’in:

• bushe jiki;
• kai mai ban sha’awa tare da bayanin martaba;
• kirjin tsoka;
• da ƙayyadaddun bushewa;
• dogon kyakkyawan wuyansa tare da lankwasa mai kyau;
• ruwan wukake na kafada;
• dogayen siririya da ƙarfi ƙafafu;
• croup mai kyau tare da wutsiya mai tsayi mai tsayi, wanda ke ɗaukar matsayi kusan a tsaye yayin motsi.

Hankali! Dawakan Larabawa suna iya tafiya kusan kilomita 160 kowace rana. An bambanta su ta hanyar juriya mai hassada, rashin fahimta da ƙaƙƙarfan rigakafi.

Turanci hawa

An ƙirƙiri nau’in dawakai na Turanci Thoroughbred bisa tushen ma’aurata na gida da tururuwa na asalin gabas.

Turanci Thoroughbred irin doki

Ba a san tabbatacciyar layin jinsin kakannin dokin Ingila ba. Wasu masana kimiyya sun ce an kawo su ne daga Turkiyya ko kuma yankin Larabawa, wasu kuma suna ganin dokin Akhal-Teke ne asalin jinsin jinsin.

An san sunayen manyan dokin da dokin Turanci Thoroughbred ya samo asali:

• Darley;
• Godolphin;
• Beverly.

Waɗannan dawakai ne suka haifi zuriya, waɗanda duk kakannin kakannin dawakai na Ingilishi suke komawa yau. Sunan su Eclipse, haifaffen 1764, Matcham (b. 1748) da Hirudus (b. 1758).

Hankali! An buga kundin farko na littafin kiwo don wannan nau’in a cikin 1793. An rufe juzu’i na biyu na dogon lokaci, ya ƙunshi bayanai game da zuriyar dawakai da aka yi rajista a baya. Mutane kawai ne kawai tare da pdigree impecticable pedigree don kiwo.

Halayen waje:

• Matsakaicin tsayin stallion shine 1,65-1,75 m, kuma nauyi shine 450-600 kg;
• launi ja, bay, baki, launin toka;
• jiki yana gajarta, tsoka;
• wuyansa yana da tsayi;
• kai yana da matsakaicin girma, bayanin martaba yana da ma’ana, hanci yana buɗewa, kamanni yana da rai, mai bayyanawa;
• Lines na oblique na kafadu;
• kirji mai zurfi;
• gabobin sun bushe da siriri tare da daidaitaccen saiti;
• gashin da ke cikin maniyyi da wutsiya ba su da yawa.

Hankali! Wakilan nau’in hawan Ingilishi suna da babban zuciya, wanda nauyinsa ya kai 6 kg. “Motor” mai ƙarfi yana taimaka musu haɓaka saurin gudu – kusan 70 km / h.

Ya gigice

Tarihin wannan nau’in ya samo asali ne a cikin nesa mai nisa, lokacin da yawancin kabilun da ke zaune a yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya suka mallaki dawakai kuma suka fara kiwo. Ga al’ummar Iran, wadannan dabbobin na da matukar muhimmanci. Masana tarihi sun rubuta cewa al’adun doki ya ci gaba sosai a cikin Transcaucasus da kuma yankin Turkmenistan na zamani.

Akhal-Teke irin

A cikin takaddun kwanan wata zuwa karni na 2 BC. e., akwai nassoshi ga tsohon Ferghana dawakai. Ya ce su zuriyar gumaka ne da kansu, saboda haka ana kiran su “masu Samaniya”. Wadannan dabbobin sun bambanta ba kawai ta hanyar kyawawan su ba, har ma da wasu halaye – jimiri da ikon haɓaka babban sauri. An yi imanin cewa dawakan Akhal-Teke sun fito ne daga dawakan Fergana da Davan.

Siffofin waje da hali

Wakilan wannan nau’in ba za a iya rikicewa da sauran dawakai ba. Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu kyau kuma masu ladabi tare da halin girman kai. Matsakaicin tsayin doki ya kai 1,6-1,67 m. Jiki ya bushe, layin suna da santsi da alheri. Yi la’akari da siffofin dawakan Akhal-Teke na waje:

• kan yana da ɗanɗano tare da maƙarƙashiya mai tsayi da madaidaiciya ko kuma a lokuta da yawa ba kasafai bayanin martaba mai kugiya ba;
• manyan idanu masu siffar almond tare da ma’anar rayayyun kyan gani;
• wuyansa yana da tsayi, mai lankwasa;
• kirjin yana da karami, girmansa ya kai 1,75–1,9 m;
• makin ba shi da kauri, haka ma, ba duk dawakan Akhal-Teke ne ke da shi ba;
• jiki yana elongated tare da croup mai ɗagawa sosai;
• gaɓoɓin sun bushe kuma siriri ne tare da alamar haɗin gwiwa.

Dawakan Akhal-Teke suna da sirara da laushin fata da ake iya ganin tasoshin jini. Rigar gajere ce kuma mai laushi. Irin nau’in yana da nau’in launi mai yawa, amma mafi yawan su ne – carac, ja, baki, nightingale, launin ruwan kasa. Akhal-Tekes na Isabella launi suna da kyau musamman. Jikinsu a cikin haske kamar yana sheki, kamar an jefa su da zinariya.

Wakilan wannan nau’in suna da halin ɗabi’a. Suna da girman kai, wayo kuma suna da dabi’a ta dabara. Samun amanarsu ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, amma idan mutum ya yi nasara, dokin Akhal-Teke ba zai taɓa cin amanarsa ba.

Ina ake amfani da purebreds?

Nau’in dawakai na dawakai suna da halaye waɗanda ke taimaka musu samun nasara da yawa a wasanni. Wasan dawaki ya shahara tun karshen karni na 19. Ana amfani da wakilai na layin nau’in hawan Ingilishi a cikin tseren santsi. Ba su da tamani a wannan hanya. Gudun waɗannan dawakai a ɗan gajeren nisa ya kai 69-70 km / h.

Dawakan Akhal-Teke da na Larabawa ba za su iya yin gogayya da dawakan Ingila wajen gudun gudu ba, amma suna da wata fa’ida.. Wadannan dabbobin suna nuna babban sakamako a nesa mai nisa, godiya ga juriyarsu. Ana amfani da wakilai na nau’in nau’i mai tsabta a matsayin masu ingantawa don samun zuriya tare da halayen da ake so.

Dabbobin dawakai masu kyau sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka layin nau’ikan nau’ikan iri daban-daban. A kan tushensu, a cikin ƙarni, an halicci mafi kyawun doki, trotting da dawakai masu haske irin su Oryol trotter, Budyonnovskaya, Terskaya, Donskaya, Luzitanskaya da sauransu.