Kiwon tumaki a kasashen duniya

Kiwon tumaki wani fanni ne na kiwo wanda ke da matsayi mai karfi a tattalin arzikin duniya. Kuna iya gano game da abubuwan da za a yi don kiwon kananan shanu, nau’o’insa da kuma shahararrun nau’o’in da ke ƙasa.

Hanyoyin Masana’antu

Hanyoyin kiwon tumaki kai tsaye sun dogara ga mabukaci. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, buƙatun ulun tumaki ya ragu sosai saboda shigowar kayayyakin auduga, waɗanda ke da arha fiye da na dabbobi.
Sai dai masana sun yi hasashen samun kwanciyar hankali a wannan masana’antar saboda raguwar samar da ulu, wanda zai haifar da tsalle-tsalle a farashin kayayyakin fatar raguna.

Species, rare breeds: mai nuna alama ta ƙasa

Gabaɗaya, akwai nau’ikan tumaki har 600 a duniya. An raba nau’ikan dabbobi dangane da babban samfurin da aka samu sakamakon kiwo.

Muhimmanci! Kasuwar duniya ta sami sauye-sauye a alkiblar kiwo kuma an sake yin cikakken bayani daga kayan ulu zuwa samar da nama da kiwo.

Akwai manyan nau’ikan guda uku:

1. Nama – suna da girman girma da girman nauyin jiki, wanda ke ba ku damar samun sauri da yawa na kayan nama. Daga cikin fa’idodin wannan nau’in, mutum zai iya ware: samun ci gaba mai girma na nama da samfuran tallow, ana iya kiwo dabbobi a duk shekara, ikon dabbobi don daidaitawa da sauri ko da a cikin yanayi mai wahala, samun nauyi har ma da rashin daidaituwar abinci.
2. kallon madara – yana da yawan haihuwa. Ana amfani da dabbobi don samun madara, kuma ana yin smushki daga fatun raguna masu kwanaki 4.
3. kallon ulu – yana da ba kawai kyakkyawan fata na tumaki ba, amma kuma ana amfani dashi azaman nau’in nama.

Dangane da manyan nau’ikan da aka gabatar a sama, kiwon tumaki, a matsayin fannin tattalin arziki, yana da fagage masu zuwa:

• ulu mai kyau;
• Semi-lafiya-ulu;
• m-gashi;
• Semi-m;
• smushkovoe;
• nama-tallow;
• fur;
• nama-ulu-madara;
• nama mai ulu.

Shin kun sani? Masana kimiyya daga ko’ina cikin duniya har yanzu ba za su iya sake haifar da analogue na wucin gadi na gashin tumaki ba, wanda ba zai zama ƙasa da shi ba dangane da inganci.

Adadin tumakin duniya a shekarar 1997 ya kai kawuna biliyan 1,1, adadin a shekarar 2017 – biliyan 1,3.

Mafi mashahuri tsakanin tumaki shine nau’in da aka gabatar a cikin tebur:

Duba
Sunan nau’in
Takaitaccen bayanin
Nama-ulu

Romanovskaya

• Wannan nau’in shine tushen nama mai cin abinci da ulu mai mahimmanci;
• Dabbar tana ba da zuriya sau 3 a cikin shekaru 2;
• Matsakaicin maza na iya kaiwa 100 kg, kuma mata – 50 kg.

lallausan gashi

Katumskaya

• Tumaki tare da ulu mai santsi, wanda baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman;
• Matsakaicin maza ya kai kilogiram 110, mata – 80 kg;
• An girma nau’in don shirya kayan nama.

Nama-ulu

Gorkovskaya

• Da kyau ya dace da yanayin zafi;
• Namiji na nau’in yana da girma, ya kai nauyin kilogiram 130;
• Ewes suna da nauyin har zuwa kilogiram 80, an bambanta su ta hanyar haihuwa;
• Matasan wannan nau’in da sauri suna samun nauyi kuma suna kai kilogiram 4 ta watanni 5-30.

M

Karachaevskaya

• nau’in nama da aka girma don yanka;
• Dabbobi ba su da fa’ida a cikin kulawar gashi, yawan haihuwa yana da yawa.

Nama-ulu

Suffolk

• Tumaki na wannan nau’in suna bambanta da babban nauyin jiki, wanda ya kai 180 kg.

Semi-m-masu gashi

Tajik

• Rufin ulu yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, ana amfani dashi a cikin masana’antar yadi, kuma ana samun fure daga wannan nau’in;
• Ana bambanta tumaki da ƙaƙƙarfan rigakafi;
• Nauyin maza ya kai 90 kg, mata – 60 kg.

lallausan gashi

Altai

• Ana amfani da ulu na wannan nau’in don ƙirƙirar yadudduka na bakin ciki;
• Dabbobi suna da karfin jiki, tsayin jiki da faffadan kirji;
• Mace sun kai nauyin kilogiram 65, namiji – 100 kg.

lallausan gashi

Asakan

• An bambanta dabbar da ulu mai laushi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a masana’antar masaku, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman ɗanyen nama.

lallausan gashi

Kudancin Caucasian merino

• An haifi wannan nau’in ne a yayin da ake yin doguwar gwaje-gwaje kan tsallaka nau’in tumaki;
• A sakamakon haka, dabbar ta sami irin waɗannan halaye kamar gashin gashi mai kyau, babban nauyin maza, ya kai 180 kg.

Ina ake kiwon tumaki kuma me yasa?

Kowane reshe na masana’antar yana da yankin yanayi na kansa. A yankunan da ke da jeri na tsaunuka, inda yanayin sanyi ya yi yawa, suna kiwon dabbobi don irin su masu gashi, nama-ulu-madara.

Don yankunan yanayi inda yankunan hamada suka fi yawa, kiwon tumaki ya fi bunƙasa. Yankuna da yanayi mai dumi, tare da wuraren kiwo da yawa, suna shagaltar da su a fagen ulu mai laushi.

Tumakin tsaunuka na ɗaya daga cikin nau’ikan dabbobi da za su iya rayuwa a tsayin kilomita dubu 5 sama da matakin teku.

Mafi yawan wuraren kiwon tumaki a Rasha

Manyan gundumomin tarayya don samar da rago a Rasha sune: Siberiya, Arewacin Caucasian da Kudancin.

Idan akai la’akari da yankuna na ƙasar dangane da kiwon tumaki, a cikin yankin Rostov da Jamhuriyar Kalmykia, wanda ke cikin Gundumar Kudancin, samar da ulu mai laushi shine fifiko.

Jamhuriyar Tyva, gundumar Siberian, Dagestan da Karachayevo, na gundumar Caucasian, suna kiwon tumaki don samar da kayan nama.

Bidiyo: kiwon tumaki a matsayin kasuwanci

Kasashen da ke kan gaba a yawan tumaki

A cikin duniya, an dade da kayyade jahohin kan gaba wajen noman irin wannan dabba:

1. China ya kasance babban matsayi a cikin kiwo da amfani da kayan tumaki. Kasar tana da kusan kashi 25% na rago a duniya. An kiyasta adadin kawunan da ke cikin garken ya kai miliyan 140. Manoma a kasar Sin suna zabar nama da naman shanu iri-iri don kiwo.
   Masana’antar kiwon tumaki ta samu ci gaba sosai saboda amfani da sabbin fasahohi wajen kula da kiwon dabbobi. Hakanan an sami babban alamun masana’antu ta hanyar haɓaka yawan aiki.
2. Ostiraliya yana daya daga cikin kasashen da ke kan gaba wajen samar da ulu. Dabbobi a Ostiraliya miliyan 100 ne. Babban manufar kiwon tumaki shine don samun ulu. Kayayyakin woolen da ake samarwa a kasar sun mamaye kashi 30% na kasuwar duniya.
3. Yawan tumaki a ciki new Zealand fiye da miliyan 50. Wannan masana’antar ita ce kan gaba a cikin ƙasar, saboda haka, tun daga 1911, ulun zinare ya ƙawata rigar makamai na jihar.
4. Ga kasashe irin su Iran, Ƙasar Ingila kuma Turkiyyayana da kashi 2% na noman rago a duniya. Yawan dabbobi ya kai kusan miliyan 40.

Outlook masana’antu

Domin masana’antar ta sami damar samun ci gaba, ya zama dole a yi koyi da kasar Sin, wadda ita ce jagorar da ba ta da cece-kuce ba kawai wajen noman kananan shanu ba, har ma tana amfani da dukkan kayayyakin kiwo yadda ya kamata.

Don haka, kasar ta mamaye matsayi na farko wajen samarwa da sayar da ulu, kiwo da nama. An cimma irin wadannan alamomin ne ta hanyar kafa manufofin kasuwanci a kasar Sin, wanda ya shafi wadata kasuwannin cikin gida da kayayyakin da ake nomawa.

Muhimmanci! Yakamata a bunkasa noman tumaki daidai da karuwar al’umma sannan kuma a samar da kudade da kuma kariya a matakin jiha.

A cikin ci gaban ci gaban masana’antu na gaba – karuwar buƙatun kayan dabbobi, da kuma amfani da su don dalilai na kiwon lafiya da na kwaskwarima, wanda babu shakka zai kara sha’awar manoma don kiwon tumaki.

A karkashin yanayin tattalin arziki na zamani, akwai buƙatar shawo kan rashin riba na kiwon tumaki. Don cimma sakamakon da ake so a wannan fanni, ya kamata ku yi taka-tsan-tsan wajen zabar dabbobin da za a yi kiwo, la’akari da yawan haihuwa da juriya ga yanayin yanayin yankin da gonar take.