Ƙwararrun tumaki masu laushi

Tumaki masu laushi zuriyar Merinos ne, waɗanda suka zauna a yankunan Asiya Ƙarama tun kafin zuwan zamaninmu. Bayan dabbobin sun zo Spain. Wannan kasa ta dade tana kan gaba wajen samar da ulu mai inganci, amma a karni na 18, tumakin merino sun bazu zuwa wasu nahiyoyi. Yanzu akwai nau’ikan da yawa da aka bambanta da mahimmancin bakin ciki. Za a tattauna su a wannan talifin.

Tumaki mai laushi

Janar halaye na lallausan ulu tumaki

Ko da yake akwai nau’ikan tumaki masu laushi da yawa, duk suna da wasu halaye. Siffar irin waɗannan dabbobin ita ce doguwar rigar bakin ciki. Yana da halaye kamar haka:

1. Kauri daga cikin zaruruwan ulu bai wuce 25-30 microns ba. Irin wannan ulu an sanya shi a matakin inganci na 64-80.
2. Kasa uniformity.
3. Ƙarfafawar gashin gashi yana da girma – har zuwa 1 raƙuman ruwa da 8 cm tsayi.
4. Nau’in tsari na zaruruwan ulu yana da mahimmanci.
5. Matsakaicin tsayin fibers shine 8-10 cm.
6. Launin Jawo fari ne ko m.
7. ulun tumakin Merino yana da kyawawan kaddarorin kariya na thermal.
8. Yawan mai. Ya ƙunshi bangaren antibacterial lanolin.

Hankali! Daga kilogiram ɗaya na ulu na tumaki masu laushi, sau 3 ana samun albarkatun ƙasa don yin tufafi fiye da nau’in ulu iri-iri.

Tumaki masu kyan gani dabbobi ne masu kwarangwal da ya inganta, masu kauri da rashin fahimta. Sun fi son wuraren kiwo. Ɗaya daga cikin fa’idodin Merino shine ikon daidaitawa da sauri zuwa yanayin yanayi daban-daban.

Babban iri

An raba tumaki mai ulu mai laushi zuwa ƙungiyoyi 3, dangane da jagorancin yawan aiki:

• ulu;
• nama-ulu, kuma ana kiran su Semi-lafiya-ulu;
• nama.

Merino

Rukunin farko ya haɗa da nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan merino, waɗanda aka girma kawai don samun gashin gashi. Ya sadu da mafi girman ma’auni – matakin 80. Wakilan wannan rukuni ba su bambanta da girman jiki ba, kuma akwai nau’in fata a wuyansu. Matsakaicin nauyin raguna shine 80-90 kg, kuma mata – 45 kg.

Hankali! Shearing shekara-shekara daga tumaki na ulu mai laushi shine 8 kg, kuma daga namiji – har zuwa 18 kg. Ana amfani da gashin waɗannan tumaki don yin kayan saƙa masu inganci.

Rukuni na biyu ya haɗa da tumaki, wanda ke da girman girman jiki. Suna da ingantaccen tsarin muscular, kuma a ƙarƙashin fata akwai nau’in kitse. Furen nau’in ulun nama ya fi na nau’in ulu mai laushi, kuma matsakaicin sheƙa na shekara yana da ƙasa. Ana kiwo su don ulu da nama. Matsakaicin nauyin raguna shine 100 kg, kuma tumaki – 55-60 kg. Furen nau’in ulun nama yana da matakin inganci 64.

Rukuni na uku ya hada da tumaki, wanda ulun su ya fi na nau’in iri biyu da suka gabata. Duk da haka, waɗannan dabbobin suna samar da nama mai kyau. Tsarin tsoka na nau’ikan nau’ikan shugabanci na nama yana haɓaka da kyau, kwarangwal yana da ƙarfi. Babu wrinkles a wuya. Nauyin namiji ya kai 110-120 kg, da tumaki – 65-70 kg. Matsakaicin sausaya kowace shekara daga waɗannan tumaki shine kilogiram 6 a kowace rago da kilogiram 4 kowace mace.

Hankali! Ɗaya daga cikin fa’idodin nama da tumaki na ulu shine precocity, wato, ikon raguna don samun nauyi da sauri.

Bayanin iri

Wanne nau’in tumaki mai laushi ya fi kyau ba za a iya cewa babu shakka ba. Lokacin zabar iri-iri don kiwo, manomi dole ne yayi la’akari ba kawai alamun yawan aiki ba, har ma da yanayin yankinsa, ikon dabbobi don daidaitawa da su. Shahararrun nau’ikan Merino:

• Soviet Merinos?
• sal tumaki;
• Stavropol;
• Tumakin Ural ta Kudu;
• tumaki prekos;
• Kazakh mai kyau-ulu iri.

Tarayyar Soviet

Tarayyar Soviet

Aikin kiwo a kan kiwo da Soviet Merino irin da aka gudanar a cikin 2 matakai. Ya fara ne a cikin 1925 kuma ya ƙare a 1946. Wakilan wannan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i mai laushi sun kasu kashi 2 – ulu da ulu na nama. A cikin nau’i na farko, 2 nau’i na fata suna samuwa a wuyansa, wanda yake a fadin, kuma a cikin na biyu – daya a tsaye.

Siffofin:

• ginawa mai ƙarfi;
• jiki yana da daidai gwargwado;
• kashin baya mai karfi;
• akwai nau’in fata 1 ko 2 akan wuyansa;
• gabobi suna da ƙarfi tare da saitin kai tsaye;
• ulu yana launin fari;
• girma yana da girma (kauri mai kauri a ko’ina yana rufe dukkan jiki, sai dai wurin idanu da ƙananan ƙafafu);
• tsawon fiber ya kai 8-10 cm;
• matakin lafiya 64-70;
• Nauyin rago – 95-110 kg, tumaki – 45-55 kg.

Hankali! Merinos Soviet, na nau’in nau’in ulu na nama, sun fi nauyi, nauyin nauyin su shine 10-15 kg fiye da na wakilan nau’in ulu.

Shearing shekara-shekara na Soviet merinos ya kai 12 kg (daga namiji) da 6 kg (daga tunkiya). Matan wannan nau’in suna da kyawawan halaye na uwa. A kowace shekara, tumaki ɗari suna iya ƙara yawan dabbobi da kashi 130-150%.

Tumakin Salsk

An yi rajistar wannan nau’in a cikin 1950, masu shayarwa na yankin Rostov sun tsunduma cikin kiwo. An bambanta wakilansa ta hanyar jiki mai karfi, matsakaicin girman jiki. Akwai madaidaicin tsayi 1 da folds na fata guda 2 akan wuya.

Salskaya sayar da tumaki

Siffofin:

• Nauyin manya – 95 kg, mata – 50 kg;
• dogon jiki;
• layin baya madaidaiciya;
• kirji yana da fadi;
• man shafawa na inuwar haske;
• ulu na tsari mai mahimmanci, nau’in rufaffiyar, tsawonsa shine 7-8 cm;
• fineness dauka daga tumaki, 64 azuzuwan, daga raguna – 60 azuzuwan;
• yankan a kowace shekara shine 14 kg ga namiji da 6 kg kowace mace.

Hankali! Tumaki na nau’in Salskaya suna bambanta da lafiya mai kyau da juriya.

Stavropol

An yi rajistar nau’in Stavropol na tumaki masu kyau a cikin 1950. Don samun manyan dabbobi masu kauri da gashi mai kyau, sun dace da yanayin yanayi na gida, an yi amfani da New Caucasian da merinos na Australiya, Grozny raguna da nau’in Rambouillet.

Siffofin:

• Dabbobin suna da ƙasa, girma a cikin ƙura a lokacin shekaru ɗaya ya kai 62 cm, mahaifa ya ɗan ƙasa kaɗan;
• jiki yana da ƙarfi;
• nauyin tumaki – 100 kg; tumaki – 50 kg;
• baya madaidaiciya;
• gindi yana da fadi;
• croup yana da ɗan saggy;
• wrinkling na fata a wuyansa;
• Rune fibers suna da tsayi – 9 cm;
• ulu yana da tsari mai mahimmanci, gashin gashi sun kasance iri ɗaya;
• ciki, kai da gaɓoɓin dabbobi suna cike da ulu sosai, wanda ke ba da damar samun ƙarin albarkatun ƙasa daga kowane mutum;
• mai launi shine kirim.

Hankali! Daga Stavropol tumaki yana yiwuwa a sami adadi mai yawa na ulu a kowace shekara. Rage daga rago ya wuce kilogiram 15, kuma daga tunkiya – 8 kg.

Stavropol nau’in tumaki mai laushi

Furen tumakin Stavropol yana da daraja sosai saboda laushi da yawa. Yana cikin aji na 64-70 dangane da inganci. Bayan wankewa, yawan amfanin ƙasa na kayan ulun ya wuce 43%.

Kudancin Ural tumaki

An haife wannan nau’in a cikin yankin Orenburg. An dauki wakilai na nau’in prekos da tumaki masu gashin gashi na gida a matsayin tushen, wanda aka bambanta ta hanyar juriya kuma sun dace da yanayin Urals. Zuriyar da aka samu sakamakon tsallakawa an fara haifar da su a cikin kabilar, daga baya kuma jinin Tsigai, Grozny, Stavropol da Caucasian ya gauraye da su. An yi rajistar tumakin Ural ta Kudu a cikin 1968.

Siffofin:

• m jiki;
• Nauyin namiji ya kai 120 kg, mahaifa – 60 kg;
• zagaye jiki;
• akwai burda a wuyansa;
• yawan girma na jiki yana gamsarwa;
• Tsawon zaruruwa shine 7-9 cm, ulun yana da ƙarfi sosai;
• ajin lafiya a cikin tumaki 60-64;
• Furen yana da nau’in rufaffiyar, madaidaici;
• bayan wankewa, yawan amfanin ulu mai tsabta yakan wuce 50%;
• mai haske ne.

Kudancin Ural tumaki suna cikin nau’in ulu na nama. Ɗaya daga cikin fa’idodin nau’in shine saurin girma da karuwar nauyi. Naman waɗannan dabbobin yana da taushi, m, kusan babu ƙamshi na musamman.

Tumaki prekos

Wannan nau’in ya samo asali ne a Faransa. Ya dogara ne akan ulu mai laushi mai laushi daga Ingila da tumaki na rambouillet. Prekos na cikin nama da ulu shugabanci.

farashin

Siffofin:

• kwarangwal mai ƙarfi;
• jiki na tsoka;
• nauyin jiki a cikin raguna – 85-100 kg, a cikin sarauniya – 58-65 kg;
• fadi saitin kafafu;
• layin baya madaidaiciya;
• sacrum da kirji suna da fadi;
• kafafu da kai ba su da gashi;
• tsawon gashi – 8-10 cm, fari;
• shear shekara-shekara daga rago – 8-9 kg, kuma daga mahaifa – 4-5 kg;
• man shafawa na inuwar m.

Tumakin Prekos na baiwa manoma nama mai daɗi da gina jiki. Daya daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin irin ne precocity. ‘Yan raguna suna girma da sauri kuma ana tura su yanka a watanni 8-9. Sarauniyar Prekos a cikin kashi 40% na lokuta suna kawo raguna 2 a cikin rago ɗaya. Duk da haka, masu shayarwa sun kafa manufa – don ƙara yawan haihuwa.

Hankali! Yawan amfanin fiber na ulu bayan wankewa a matakan da aka ƙayyade yana kusa da 50%.

Kazakh mai kyau-ulu iri

Kazakhstan tumaki na nama da ulu shugabanci an halicce su a kudancin Kazakhstan a cikin lokaci daga 1931 zuwa 1946. Kakanninsu tumaki ne na gida mai kitse da kuma wakilan rambouillet da prekos breeds.

Siffofin:

• kwarangwal mai ƙarfi;
• m jiki;
• jiki yana elongated cylindrical;
• dabbobin polled;
• babu wrinkles a wuyansa;
• girma tumaki – 105-118 kg, mahaifa – 60-65 kg;
• farar ulu, matsakaici, rufaffiyar nau’in;
• tsawon fiber – 8-9 cm, crimp a cikin kewayon al’ada;
• matakin lafiya 60-64;
• Shearing shekara-shekara daga sarauniya – 4-5 kg, daga maza – har zuwa 11 kg.

Kazakhstan tumaki nama da ulu shugabanci

Magana. Kazakhstan tumaki masu laushi suna daraja don jimrewa. An daidaita su don kiwo duk shekara. Cin ko da ƙananan ciyayi, suna da sauri samun nauyi.

Dabbobin tumaki masu kyau sun sami karbuwa saboda suna samarwa manoma da ulu mai kyau, nama da madara. Wasu irin waɗannan nau’ikan suna da lafiya da ƙarfi. Masu kiwo suna aiki akai-akai don inganta yawan aiki da haihuwa na nau’ikan da ake da su.