Irin tumaki

Kiwon tumaki na daya daga cikin tsofaffin wuraren kiwon dabbobi. An haife su don nama, ulu, madara, mai. Bugu da ƙari, riga a zamanin d ¯ a, ƙoƙari na farko ya fara ware, ingantawa da kuma ƙarfafa wasu halaye da alamun yawan aiki a cikin wani rukuni na dabbobi. A cikin irin wannan aikin, an samar da nau’o’in tumaki iri-iri, waɗanda adadinsu yana ƙaruwa kullum.

Kiwon tumaki

Iri-iri na breeds na tumaki a cikin shugabanci na yawan aiki

Duk nau’ikan tumaki na zamani sun bambanta da juna ta hanyoyi da dama. Waɗannan sun haɗa da fasali na waje, asali, manyan wuraren kiwo. Amma ɗayan manyan ma’auni don bambance nau’ikan tumaki daban-daban ya kasance jagorar yawan amfanin irin. Dangane da wannan lokacin, ana rarrabe nau’ikan 4 na irin waɗannan halittu masu rai:

1. Tumakin nama.
2. Nama-m.
3. Kiwo.
4. Wool.

Nama

Dabbobin tumaki na jagorancin nama sun bambanta a cikin mafi girman girma. Irin waɗannan dabbobi ana yin su ne musamman don samun nama mai yawa. Duk layin nau’in wannan jagorar suna da halaye masu zuwa:

• gangar jikin mai kama da ganga;
• high precocity;
• saurin nauyi;
• ci gaban tsokoki na jiki da gabobi;
• nauyin nauyi ko da tare da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki;
• juriya ga cututtuka da yawa halayen tumaki;
• yawan tsira na matasa.

Magana. Irin waɗannan halittu masu rai cikin sauƙin jure yanayin yanayi mai wahala kuma suna ba da riba mai kyau. Baya ga nama zalla, nau’ikan ulun nama suma sun yi fice a wannan hanya. Ya kamata a lura cewa daga irin waɗannan shanu za a iya samun adadin madara da mai (musamman ga nau’in nau’in kitse).

Daga cikin dukkanin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)) Romanov, Kuibyshev, North Caucasian da sauransu.

Kuibyshev irin

Nama-sebaceous

Hanyar tumaki mai kitse na nama ya ƙunshi nau’ikan nau’ikan kitse masu kitse. A gaskiya ma, nau’in shanu ne na naman sa. Babban fasalin irin waɗannan halittu masu rai shine babban kitse a bayan jiki. Ta nauyi, zai iya kai 10-20 kg ko fiye. Irin wannan samuwar yana aiki azaman nau’in samar da abinci mai gina jiki idan akwai rashin abinci na al’ada.

Yankunan hamada da hamada na tsakiyar Asiya sune mahaifar mafi yawan nau’in tumaki masu kitse. Ci gaba a cikin irin wannan matsananciyar yanayi ya ba da irin waɗannan dabbobin da dama fasali. Suna da ƙarfi, juriya ga cututtuka da yanayin yanayi mai wahala, dace da kiwo na tsawon shekara a kan makiyaya tare da ƙaramin adadin kiwo.

Mafi mashahuri irin wannan shugabanci shine Edelbaev da tumaki Hissar.

Kiwo

Kiwon tumakin kiwo kuma ya samu karbuwa sosai a duniya. Abubuwan da aka ƙuntatawa da aka bambanta da babban madara, wanda zai iya kewayo daga 140 zuwa 800 lita. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan samfurin yana da daraja sosai don abun da ke ciki. Ya ƙunshi bitamin A da B, calcium, phosphorus, linoleic acid. Amma tunda madarar tumaki ta ƙunshi kitse mai yawa, galibi ana amfani da ita don samar da cukui iri-iri, madarar gasa, kefir da sauran kayayyakin kiwo.

Mafi shaharar nau’in kiwo sun haɗa da:

• Gabashin Farisa. Masu kiwo na Jamus ne suka kiwo dabbobin. Matsakaicin adadin madara na wakilan wannan nau’in tumaki shine lita 550-600. A lokacin rana, tunkiya tana ba da kimanin kilogiram 4-6 na madara, wanda, dangane da ciyarwa, yana da mai abun ciki na 5 zuwa 8%. Ya kamata a lura da cewa Gabashin Frisian kuma ana bambanta su ta hanyar yawan adadin nama. Nauyin mace wani lokaci ya kai kilogiram 90.
• Awassi. Awassi tumaki da yarki ƴan ƙazamar Siriya ne. Hakanan suna cikin nau’ikan wutsiya masu kitse. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin nonon su a kowace shayarwa shine 250 kg. Amma a gaban ɗimbin abinci iri-iri, za su iya samar da madara har zuwa lita 800.
• Tsigayskaya. Irin waɗannan shanu suna ɗaukar matsakaiciyar yawan amfanin ƙasa na 140-160 lita. Amma, duk da manyan kundin madara, tumaki fiye da rama musu da gagarumin adadin nama da ulu.
• Lacaune. Tumaki na wannan nau’in layin sun fito ne daga Faransa. Sun dace daidai da girma a cikin ɗimbin ciyayi da mafi ƙasƙancin wuraren kiwo. A lokacin lokacin shayarwa, har zuwa lita 400 na madara ana shayar da tunkiya ɗaya, mai abun ciki shine 8%.

Lacayoune

Daban-daban na assaf ba su da yawa a cikin buɗaɗɗen gida. Wakilansa suna kawo har zuwa lita 400 na madara. Har ila yau, ana la’akari da tumaki na Ascanian da balabas a cikin masu kiwo. Amma sun fi dacewa da duniya.

Woolen

Ana buƙatar ulun tumaki da yawa a cikin samar da kayan saƙa da ulun ulu. Saboda haka, a cikin wasu nau’o’in, a cikin tsawon ƙarni na zaɓi, wannan ingancin ya ci gaba. Daga cikin su, irin waɗannan layin pedigree sun bambanta da ingancin gashin gashi, wanda ke nuna wani tsayi, adadin juyawa da kauri. Dangane da waɗannan sigogi, an ƙayyade ƙimar rune.

Kamar yadda yake tare da kowane shugabanci na yawan aiki, akwai nau’o’in nau’in nau’in nau’in ulu da yawa, waɗanda suka shahara musamman ga masu shayarwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• Merino na Australiya;
• Soviet Merinos?
• Tumaki mai girma;
• Altai iri-iri.

Ostiraliya merino

Waɗannan ƴan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya suna cikin masu ulu. An bambanta ulun su ta hanyar inganci na musamman da babban adadin mai a cikin tsarin, wanda wani lokaci ya kai 40%. Godiya ga wannan nuance, ulun merino na Australiya ba shi da datti kuma yana da juriya ga lalacewa.

A cikin nau’in, dangane da halaye na jiki da yawan aiki, ana rarrabe nau’ikan nau’ikan uku:

1. Lafiya. Wannan nau’in ya haɗa da ƙananan halittu masu rai waɗanda ba su wuce kilo 70 ba (na raguna). Matsakaicin yankewar shekara-shekara shine 5 kg. A lokaci guda kuma, gashin gashi yana da inganci na musamman.
2. Matsakaici. Irin waɗannan dabbobin sun riga sun ɗan fi girma. Nauyin rago ya kai kilogiram 80, na rago kuma – har zuwa kilogiram 40. Dangane da ingancin ulu, suna da ƙananan-lafi. Yanke shekara-shekara daga mutum ɗaya shine 7-8 kg.
3. Mai ƙarfi Ƙarfi nau’in nau’in gashi ne na musamman. Har zuwa kilogiram 10 na ulu mai matsakaicin inganci ana yanke daga dabba ɗaya a kowace shekara. A lokaci guda, nauyin babban rago wani lokaci ya kai 90-95 kg.

Mai ƙarfi

Tarayyar Soviet

Masu shayarwa daga Tarayyar Soviet sun kafa wani sabon nau’in nau’in jinsin da ya dogara da merinos na Australiya, suna ƙara masa jinin wasu nau’in Siberian da Caucasian. A sakamakon haka, ana iya samun manyan dabbobi waɗanda suke da tushe sosai a yanayin sanyi.

Nauyin rago na wannan nau’in ya bambanta daga 110 zuwa 140 kg. A lokaci guda, kullun ulu na shekara-shekara daga gare ta shine 15-17 kg. Matsakaicin mai haske a wasu lokuta ya kai kilogiram 95, amma galibi yana jeri daga 50-55 kg. Yana yiwuwa a yanke kusan kilogiram 8 na ulu daga mace ɗaya a kowace shekara.

Tsawon gashin irin waɗannan halittu masu rai daga 10 zuwa 12 cm. Ana iya rina shi fari, m ko launin toka.

Grozny tumaki

A matsayin nau’i na hukuma, an yi rajistar Grozny a cikin 1950. An kuma yi amfani da Merino na Australiya a matsayin tushen aikin kiwo. Siffofin wannan layin jinsin sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:

• tsawo ba fiye da 60 cm ba;
• nauyin raguna – 85 kg, mata – 45 kg;
• jiki gajere ne, an rufe fata da folds;
• maza suna girma ƙahoni masu girma, yayin da mata suka cika polled;
• ulun tumaki yana da taushi kuma iri ɗaya, yana nuna farin launi na musamman.

Matsakaicin yanke daga ragon Grozny shine 8 kg. Matar tana kawo wa mai ita har kilogiram 3 na ulu a kowace shekara. Irin wannan ulu yana bambanta ta hanyar ƙara yawan man shafawa, wanda ke kare shi daga samun rigar.

Altai irin

An kafa wannan nau’in a lokacin hayewar Siberian, Australiya da wasu nau’ikan tumaki na Faransa. A sakamakon haka, sun sami damar samun sabon nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i mai nau’i mai laushi, wanda bayyanarsa yayi kama da na waje na merino.

Altai irin

Tsarin gashi na irin waɗannan halittu masu rai sun kasance iri ɗaya, taushi kuma suna bambanta da gashin gashi. Babban launi na rune fari ne. Har zuwa kilogiram 9-10 na ulu ana yanke daga rago ɗaya kowace shekara. Yawan aiki mai haske shine 6 kg. A lokaci guda, yawan adadin albarkatun kasa mai tsabta bayan sarrafawa shine aƙalla 55%.

Rarrabe nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan ulu

Yana da kyau a lura cewa a tsakanin su duk nau’in tumaki kuma ana rarraba su bisa ga nau’in ulu. Dangane da wannan lokacin, nau’ikan dabbobi uku sun bambanta:

1. Kyawawan ulu.
2. Semi-lafiya-falle.
3. M-gashi.

Kyakkyawar gashi

An yi la’akari da ulu na nau’in ulu mai laushi na tumaki mafi kyau. Ya ƙunshi nau’i ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, tsawon gashi, a matsayin mai mulkin, shine 7-9 cm. Ƙunƙarar gashin aƙalla juyi 6 a cikin santimita na tsayi. Kauri daga cikin gashi bai wuce 25 microns ba.

Furen irin waɗannan nau’ikan suna girma da yawa kuma daidai. Hakanan fasali sun haɗa da:

• fata mai kauri tare da matsakaicin nadawa;
• haske amma mai ƙarfi frame;
• cikakken polledness a cikin mata.

Babban nau’in ulu mai laushi sun haɗa da: Grozny, Soviet da Ostiraliya merino, Askani, Transbaikal.

Semi-lafiya-falle

Nau’in nau’in ulu mai laushi ya haɗa da Tsigai, Kuibyshev, Gorky, Estoniya da wasu layin nau’in. Ba kamar nau’in da ya gabata ba, a cikin waɗannan dabbobin gashin gashi ya ƙunshi ba kawai na fure ba, har ma da gashi na wucin gadi. Kaurin gashin ya bambanta daga 30 zuwa 60 microns. Dangane da tsayin daka, gajerun gashi (gashi tare da tsawon ƙasa da 10 cm) da dogon gashi (fiye da 10 cm).

Daga irin waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa, ana yin kayan aikin fasaha da inganci masu inganci da ake amfani da su don samar da tufafi.

M-gashi

A cikin wannan nau’in dabbobi, ban da ƙasa da gashi na wucin gadi, gashin kuma ya haɗa da awn. A wasu nau’ikan, ana kuma cika shi da mataccen gashi. A lokacin sarrafawa, irin waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa sun kasu kashi iri. Ana amfani da gashi mai laushi don samar da masana’anta na fasaha. Soft dace da tela. Har ila yau, ana kiwon irin waɗannan shanu don samar da astrakhans, waɗanda suke da daraja sosai a masana’antar masaku.

Irin nau’in gashin gashi sun hada da Romanov, Karakul, Edilbaev, Karachai.

Mafi kyawun nau’ikan tumaki don kiwo don nama

Daga cikin nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nama na tumaki, wasu suna daraja ta musamman ta wurin kiwo. Irin waɗannan halittu masu rai suna ba da nama mai yawa, da sauri suna samun nauyi, suna da haɓaka sosai kuma ba su da fa’ida cikin kulawa. Akwai da yawa daga cikin waɗannan nau’ikan.

Romanovskaya

An kafa wannan nau’in nama na tumaki fiye da shekaru dari biyu da suka wuce a Rasha. An bambanta shi da yawan yawan nama da saurin daidaita yanayin yanayi daban-daban.

Yawan ragon Romanov ya kai tsakiya. Yarki, a matsayin mai mulkin, nauyin kilogiram 50-55. Na waje na dabba yana nuna waɗannan siffofi:

• duka jiki;
• kwarangwal mai ƙarfi;
• dogayen gajerun kafafu;
• polledness na duk wakilan irin;
• hugging a gaban kai.

Matsakaicin yawan amfanin nama daga gawar irin waɗannan dabbobin shine 50%. Ƙimar garken garken yana nuna matsakaicin ƙimar 300%. Matasan suna girma cikin sauri.

Gorkovskaya

Gorky tumaki da tumaki an bambanta su da unpretentiousness, jimiri da kuma jure cututtuka daban-daban. Matsakaicin nauyin ragon wannan nau’in shine 100-110 kg. A cikin tumaki, nauyin ya kai 75-80 kg.

Gorky tumaki

Matsakaicin ƙimar tumakin tumaki shine 140%. Rago suna girma da sauri kuma suna kai nauyin kilogiram 30 da watanni 4-5.

Kuibyshevskaya

Nauyin Kuibyshev ya tashi ne sakamakon tsallaka ragon Turanci Romney Maris tare da raguna na gida. Dabbobin da aka samu suna bambanta ta hanyar yawan aiki da haɓaka.

Babban fasali na kundin tsarin mulkin dabbobi sune:

• kwarangwal mai ƙarfi;
• elongated jiki mai siffar ganga;
• gajeren wutsiya;
• rigar uniform na farin launi.

Nauyin babban rago shine 100 kg. Nauyin rago ya kai kilogiram 70. Yawan yanka nama daga gawa shine 50-54%. Haihuwa ya kai 140%.

Arewacin Caucasian

Tumakin Caucasian na Arewa suna cikin masu ƙoshin lafiya. An yi amfani da Lincolns, Stavropol iri-iri da Romney Maris a cikin kiwo. Manufar masu shayarwa ita ce kiwon dabbobin naman da ke jin dadi kuma suna girma da sauri a cikin yanayin yanayin arewacin Caucasus.

Yayin da suke girma, maza na Arewacin Caucasians sun kai nauyin 120 kg. Nauyin mace yana daga 60-70 kg. The…