Bayani, launi, fasalin halayen tumakin dutsen Altai

Tumakin dutsen Altai na cikin nau’ikan dabbobin artiodactyl ne da ba kasafai ba. Ya bambanta ta musamman manya-manyan girma kuma shine ma’abucin manyan ƙahoni. Za a yi la’akari da cikakken bayanin da nau’ikan nau’ikan waɗannan dabbobin a ƙasa.

Menene sunan tumakin dutse, bayanin

Dabbobin da ake magana a kai ana kiran su argali, ko argali. Ya haɗa da yawancin sassa daban-daban waɗanda suka bambanta ta bayyanar.

Shin kun sani? Tsawon tsaunukan Altai ya mamaye yankin kasashe 4 a lokaci daya – Mongoliya, China, Kazakhstan da Rasha.

Wannan shi ne mafi girman wakilcin jinsin tumaki. Baya ga babban jiki, an bambanta shi da ƙahoni masu nauyi. A cikin namiji balagagge, nauyin ƙahonin zai iya bambanta da har zuwa 35 kg.

Halayen waje na argali:

• a bushes, dabbobi masu shayarwa na wannan nau’in sun kai 70-125 cm, dangane da jinsi da shekaru, tsawon jikin ya bambanta tsakanin 120-200 cm, wutsiya – 14 cm;
• nauyin jikin mutum shine 70-180 kg;
• kwanyar yana da girma, mai girma, bayanin martaba yana ƙugiya-hanci, a cikin mata ya fi dacewa;
• auricles suna motsi, an tsara su tare da tassels a tukwici;
• tip na muzzle ya fi sauƙi a launi fiye da kai da bushewa;
• wuyansa gajere ne, mai ƙarfi, tsoka mai kyau;
• kirji yana da faɗi, a cikin girman kusan 120-135 cm;
• jikin raguna na kowane nau’i na argali yana squat, mai karfi;
• gaɓoɓin suna sirara, amma suna da ƙarfi sosai;
• dukkan nau’in nau’in suna da halin karkatar da ƙahoni tare da furta striation da kaifi ƙare a karkace;
• saboda girman girman ƙahonin, kan waɗannan raguna ana jefar da su baya, wanda ke ba su kyan gani;
• metacarpal da kasusuwa na metatarsal na gabobin suna elongated – irin wannan tsarin yana da mahimmanci kawai ga wakilan wannan nau’in tumaki kuma yana ba su damar motsawa cikin yardar kaina tare da duwatsu;
• a gaban kullun suna da tsayin 4.5 cm, a baya sun fi guntu da 2-4 mm;
• a kan gefen baya na gabobin akwai ƙarin kofato 2;
• canza launi ya bambanta a cikin kewayon da ya dace dangane da nau’in, jinsi, halaye na shekaru.

Mazauni, adadin mutane

Dabbobi kadan ne suka rage. Ana samun su a wurare masu tsaunuka kawai:

• iyaka tsakanin Sin da Mongoliya;
• Kogin Saylyugem, wanda ke cikin tsaunin Altai da ke kan iyaka da Mongoliya;
• Dutsen Chulyshman;
• Tibet Plateau, Himalayas, Indiya;
• yammacin tsaunin Kazakhstan, wasu yankunan tsaunuka na Uzbekistan;
• yankunan tsaunuka na Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan.

Muhimmanci! Mazauni na tumakin dutse ya dogara kai tsaye ga nau’ikan da suke. Bugu da kari, duk nau’in wadannan dabbobin suna da yanayin motsi a tsaye na yanayi: tumaki suna hawa sama a kan gangara, suna canza wurinsu a lokacin dumi, kuma suna gangarowa cikin kwazazzabai da filayen a lokacin sanyi.

Wurin zama na waɗannan dabbobin shine ƙasa mai tsaunuka da duwatsun da ke kan tsayin kilomita dubu da yawa. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna guje wa wuraren da ke da ciyayi masu yawa. Duk yankuna da aka samo waɗannan artiodactyls suna ƙarƙashin kulawa sosai, tunda adadin waɗannan dabbobi kaɗan ne. Matsakaicin adadin su akan iyakar Rasha da Mongolian na 2016 shine kusan mutane 3899.
A halin yanzu, babban yawan jama’a na argali sun fi mayar da hankali kan Sailyugem Ridge.

Subspecies, bambance-bambance a cikin halaye na waje

Rarraba na zamani ya bambanta nau’ikan dabbobin da ake tambaya, waɗanda aka yi nazari sosai. A tsakanin su, sun bambanta da launin gashi, tsarin ƙaho da girma. Babban nau’ikan tumakin dutsen Altai:

1. Altai ram, ko Ovis ammon ammon – Ya bambanta a cikin mafi girma girma. Launi na gashi yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, yana canzawa zuwa inuwa mai haske a cikin hunturu.
2. Anatolian mouflon, ko Ovis ammon Anatolia – daidaikun mutane masu matsakaicin girma: tsayin su a bushes bai wuce 70-95 cm ba. Ƙhoton suna da girman girman, har zuwa 70 cm tsayi, suna lanƙwasa cikin zobe. Launin rigar ja-ja-jaja ne, tare da kunkuntar, datti-fari mai siffa mai siffar sirdi.
3. Bukhara tumaki, ko Ovis ammon bocharensis – bisa ga halaye na waje, yana kama da Ovis ammon ammon. Kunshe a cikin littafin Red na Tarayyar Rasha.
4. Kazakh argali, ko Ovis ammon collium – launi na gashin dabbobi yana da yashi tare da launin toka. Kaho mai tsayi 120 cm, murɗa cikin zobe.
5. Gansu gani, ko Ovis ammon done – mai girma sosai, nauyi kusan 90-100 kg. Tsawon tsayi a cikin ƙura yana kusan 115 cm, launi shine launin ruwan kasa chestnut a baya, launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka a gefe da fari a cikin ƙananan jiki, ciki na kafafu, muzzle, wuyansa. An rarraba a kasar Sin.
6. Tumakin dutsen Tibet, ko Ovis ammon hodgsonii – gashin waɗannan wakilai shine launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Kahonin suna kusa da kan kwanyar, suna karkace.
7. tumakin dutsen arewacin China, ko Ovis ammon jubata – Launin gashi yana da launin toka, tare da ƙananan faci na launin ruwan kasa. An murɗe ƙahonin a cikin zobe, ba su da tsayi sosai.
8. Dutsen Tianshan, ko Ovis ammon karelini – Launin gashi yana da duhu launin ruwan kasa, launin toka-baki a kan kirji, tare da aibobi masu launin sirdi a gefe. Kahonin suna da girma, masu kauri a farkon, suna tafe zuwa ƙarshe.
9. Dutsen Karatau, ko Ovis ammon nigrimontana – launin gashi shine ocher-ja. Ganyayyaki masu karkace, kusan 100 cm tsayi.
10. Cypriot ram, ko Ovis ammon ophion – gashin gashi yana da kauri, launin ruwan kasa maras ban sha’awa, tare da tabo mai haske mai haske a bushes. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan wakilai: tsayinsa a cikin ƙura ya kai 65-70 cm.
11. Dutsen Tumaki Marco Polo, ko Ovis ammon poly – wani m dabba, kai 120 cm a withers. Launi na iya zama duhu launin toka ko ja-buff. Kahoni suna da ƙarfi, sun karkace zuwa karkace.
12. Dutsen tumaki Kyzylkum, ko Ovis ammon severtzovi – A yau yawan adadin tallace-tallace kusan dabbobi 100 ne, don haka ana ɗaukar kusan costact. Ya bambanta da ƙananan ƙahonin ƙaho, idan aka kwatanta da sauran wakilan argali. Suna da siffar kamanni, mai kaifi na gaba-occipital da gefuna na orbital. Launin gashi yana da launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan toka.
13. Urmian mouflon, ko Ovis ammon urmiana – Launin gashi ja-ja-jaja ne ko launin ruwan kasa-kasa. Dabbobin da kansu suna da matsakaici a girman, har zuwa 95 cm a bushes.

Rayuwa, tsawon lokaci

Argali dabbobin kiwo ne. An raba garken shanu ta hanyar jima’i da shekaru zuwa nau’i biyu:

• mata masu samari;
• mazaje.

Irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi yawanci suna rabuwa kuma suna haɗuwa kawai a lokacin lokacin saduwa. Dangantaka tsakanin maza da mata suna da alaƙa da auren mace fiye da ɗaya.

Shin kun sani? An buga littafin Red Book na Duniya a shekara ta 1963. Don buga shi, masana kimiyya sun shafe shekaru 15 suna nazarin flora da fauna.

Yawancin lokaci argali suna zaɓar wurin zama ɗaya don kansu. Duk da haka, don neman ƙarin wuraren kiwo masu albarka a lokacin zafi, suna ƙaura akai-akai. A wannan lokacin, sun ɓace cikin garken ƙwallo 10. Kusa da lokacin sanyi, artiodactyls sun fara gangarowa zuwa tsaunin tuddai, inda za su iya yin garken dabbobi har 1000. Mafi girma, manya-manyan maza na iya rabuwa.

Tsawon rayuwar ragon Altai shine shekaru 12-18. Wannan mai nuna alama yana tasiri kai tsaye ta hanyar cin abinci, wurin zama da zaɓin yanayi, tun da dabbobi za su iya kaiwa hari ta hanyar mafarauta, kuma yawancin maza suna mutuwa a lokacin lokacin jima’i yayin fadace-fadace.

Siffofin hali

Ban da lokacin jima’i, dabbobi ba sa nuna zalunci ga juna. Garken mata da matasa da maza da suka balaga cikin jima’i suna nisa da juna, duk da haka, sa’ad da haɗari ya taso, dabbobi suna faɗakar da juna game da wannan ta hanyar sauti.

An bambanta Argali da babban matakin fasaha, wanda ke ba su damar gano hanyar da sauri daga yanayin haɗari da ya taso.

Makiya na halitta

Ga argali, babban haɗari shine:

• berkuty;
• iri;
• cougars;
• Damisa dusar ƙanƙara;
• kyarkeci;
• coyotes;
• cheetah;
• damisa;
• mutum.

Tsuntsaye na ganima suna haifar da haɗari musamman ga jariran da aka haifa. Manya-manyan dabbobi suna kai hari ga matasa da balagagge. Yin fama da babban argali abu ne mai wuyar gaske, don haka yawancin mafarauta sukan kai su ƙasa don jefa su cikin rami, sai kawai su ci dabbar da ta ji rauni ko ta mutu.

Abinci

Abubuwan da aka yi la’akari da su na wakilai na fauna nasa ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tushen abincin su shine ciyayi iri-iri. Dabbobi suna da ƙauna na musamman ga hatsi, amma idan ba a can ba, za su iya gamsu da sedge, saltwort da sauran ganye da ke girma a cikin yankunan dutse.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da waɗannan dabbobin ke da shi shine ikon su na yin dogon lokaci ba tare da ruwa ba. Suna da isasshen danshi wanda ke zuwa da kiwo.

Shin kun sani? Idan akwai buƙatar gaggawa, argali na iya sha har ma da ruwan gishiri.

Haihuwa da zuriya

Lokacin mating yana farawa a cikin shekaru goma na farko na Nuwamba kuma yana ci gaba a cikin hunturu.
A wannan lokaci, maza suna gasa ga mata, suna gudanar da fadace-fadace, wanda sau da yawa yakan kai ga mutuwar daya daga cikin mahalarta. Namijin da ya ci nasara yana saduwa da macen da yake so.

Tsawon lokacin ciki a cikin mace argali shine watanni 5. An haifi babban kashi na kananan dabbobi a watan Mayu: a wannan lokacin, an riga an sami isasshen ganye mai laushi don ciyarwa da saurin girma na dabbobi. Kafin haihuwa, ana raba mata da garke kuma a ware su. Maza nan da nan bayan haihuwa suna tashi a kan kafafu kuma suna iya bin iyayensu mata.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau’in artiodactyls, mace argali tana ciyar da ‘ya’yansu sosai. A cikin kaka, ƙananan raguna suna kai 2/3 na girman girman girman manya, wanda ke ba jarirai damar jure matsanancin lokacin sanyi akai-akai.
Balaga a cikin mata yana farawa a lokacin shekaru 2, a cikin maza – a matsakaici a shekaru 5.

Matsayin yawan jama’a da kariyar jinsuna

Yana da matukar wahala a iya sarrafa adadin dabbobi, saboda yanayin da suke zaune yana da wuyar isa. Rashin raguwar yawan jama’a ya samo asali ne ba kawai ga ayyukan mutane da mafarauta ba, har ma da sauyin yanayi. Saboda ƙarancin adadin waɗannan dabbobin, an haɗa su a cikin Jajayen littafin a zamanin Soviet, inda suke har yau.

Muhimmanci! Argali ba ya haihuwa da kyau a cikin zaman talala – mafi yawan yunƙurin haifar da su ya ƙare a kasa. Don kiyaye yawan su, ya zama dole maximally kawo kusa yanayin muhalli zuwa na halitta.

Ana ƙoƙarin hayayyafa a cikin bauta don adana nau’in. Bugu da kari, an aiwatar da wasu dokoki na doka da suka haramta farautar argali. Yankunan da aka lura da bayyanar waɗannan dabbobi an haɗa su nan da nan a cikin adadin waɗanda aka karewa.
Amma har yanzu waɗannan yunƙurin ba su haifar da sakamako ba, saboda har yanzu ana ci gaba da farautar argali ba bisa ƙa’ida ba – aƙalla ana yin rikodin farautar 2-3 a kowace shekara.

Abubuwa masu ban sha’awa

Wasu bayanai masu ban sha’awa game da tumakin Altai:

1. Sunan Latin na nau’in jinsin da aka yi la’akari da yawan raguna “ammon” ana ba da dabbobi don girmama allahntakar Amon. A cewar almara, saboda tsoron Typhon, dukan alloli sun juya zuwa dabbobi daban-daban don kada ya gane su. Amon ya zaɓi ragon. A zamanin da, an ma yi masa fenti a matsayin mutum mai ƙaho.
2. An fara farautar ƙahonin argali tun zamanin da. Tun zamanin da, an yi amfani da su ta hanyar mutanen da ke aiki a cikin kwatancen esoteric, da kuma masu maganin gargajiya – a matsayin albarkatun kasa don shirye-shiryen potions da magunguna daban-daban.
3. A saman tudu, tumakin Altai suna motsawa sosai, amma suna iya tsalle daga tudu zuwa tudu ko tsalle 3-5 m tsayi tare da isasshe babban nauyi.

Har zuwa yau, halin da ake ciki tare da girman yawan adadin dabbobin da aka yi la’akari da shi bai canza ba saboda dalilai da yawa. A wannan mataki, ana ci gaba da aiki tuƙuru don horarwa da adana nau’in, wanda ke ba da kyakkyawan fata ga nan gaba.