Kalmyk tumaki mai kitse: manyan halaye

Kalmyk mai-da zãlil-toka ne dabbobin dabbobi suna cikin irin irin wannan tarihi tare da tsoffin tarihi da kuma abubuwa da yawa daban daban. Kafin kiwo su, ya zama dole don nazarin halaye da ka’idojin kulawa. Za ku sami bayanan da ake buƙata don mai kiwon a ƙasa.

Kalmyk tumaki mai kiba

Irin nau’in kitse mai kitse na Kalmyk yana da dogon tarihi. An haifi nau’in na dogon lokaci, amma ya ci gaba da kasancewa na musamman har zuwa yau.

Tarihin irin

Tarihin nau’in kitse na Kalmyk yana da alaƙa da tarihin Kalmyk kansu. A cikin karni na XNUMX, wakilan ‘yan asalin sun yi hijira daga tsakiyar Asiya, musamman, daga yammacin Sin da Mongoliya zuwa yankin Rasha ta zamani. Kalmyks sun kawo garken tumaki masu kiba tare da su. Yayin da suke ci gaba, dabbobin sun haɗu da nau’in gida. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an daina kiwon dabbobi a Jamhuriyar Kalmykia. An kai tumaki da raguna zuwa yammacin Kazakhstan da yankin Astrakhan.

Shin kun sani? A Madagascar, ba a cin tumaki – bisa ga imani na gida, an shigar da rayukan matattu a cikin dabbobi.

An haɗa nau’in nau’in kitse na zamani na Kalmyk a cikin Rajista na Tarayyar Rasha a cikin 2012. Don samun nau’in, masu shayarwa sun ketare matan Kalmyk da Edilbaev tare da raguna na Torgud na kasar Sin.

Babban halaye na irin

Kiba wutsiya iri – wani nau’in tumaki na musamman wanda ke da nasa halaye na musamman. Wurin zama, Kalmykia, yana baiwa dabbobi abubuwan da suka wajaba don rayuwa a wannan yanki.

Bayyanar da bayanin

Manyan tumaki da raguna – manyan dogayen dabbobi. Kan yana da girma, tare da dogayen kunnuwa da ke rataye da hanci da aka kama, yana kan wuyansa matsakaicin tsayi. Matan ba su da ƙaho. Maza kuma yawanci ba su da ƙaho, amma har zuwa kashi 17% na maza suna da ƙahon da ba su haɓaka ba. Kirji da baya suna da fadi, babba. kafafu sun bunkasa,
mai karfi.

Bidiyo: Tumaki na Kalmyk

Wani fasali na musamman na nau’in wutsiya mai kitse – kitse a wurin wutsiya, ko wutsiya mai kitse. A cikin nau’in Kalmyk, girman wutsiya mai kitse yana da faɗin 10-20 cm kuma tsayin 13-27 cm. Godiya ga wannan sashin jiki, iri-iri na da nama-m. Baya ga wutsiya mai kitse, akwai kuma kitse a cinyoyinsu.

Shin kun sani? Dolly the Sheep shine dabbar dabbar dabbar dabba ta farko.

Wool na iya samun launi kamar haka:

• jan ja;
• fari;
• launin ruwan kasa;
• launin ruwan kasa;
• baki;
• Grey

Ana nuna matsakaicin nauyin dabbobi na jinsi daban-daban da shekaru a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:

Jaririn raguna 5 kg Rago mai shekara 35-50 Kilogram 1 da rabi Kimanin kilogiram 45 Mata manya 50-90 kg Manyan maza 90-140

Girman raguna ya kai 400-500 g kowace rana.

Ayyukan aiki: ulu, nama, madara

Tumaki mai kitse na Kalmyk suna samar da nama, man alade, madara da ulu.
Bayanan yawan aiki don matsakaita mutum tare da bayanin sune kamar haka:

Nama 51-53% na nauyi mai rai ingancin nama a cikin raguna masu shekara ɗaya ya fi na manya da raguna. Yayin da yake girma, naman ya zama mai kitse-fat kuma ya fi maiko Fat 16-17 kg Kitsen wutsiya yana da daɗi kuma ya fi mai fiye da kitsen gida. Narkar da man alade daga wutsiya mai kitse yana faruwa a + 35 ° C, ciki yana narkewa kawai a +49 ° C Wool 2-2,5 a cikin mata, 2,5-3 kg a cikin maza 70% na ulu na sa na 3, 25 % zuwa sa 2, 5% – zuwa 1st sa Milk 70-90 lita a lokacin shayarwa Ana lura da mafi yawan amfanin nono a farkon watanni 1,5 bayan rago. Ana sarrafa madara zuwa cuku, cuku da sauran kayan kiwo

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da irin

• Tsarin yana da fa’idodi da yawa, musamman:
• rashin fahimta;
• jimiri;
• matsakaicin haihuwa;
• saurin kiba a cikin kananan dabbobi.

• Masu kiwo kuma suna suna manyan lahani guda uku na tumakin Kalmyk:
• low ingancin ulu;
• lalacewar ɗanɗanon nama a cikin manya;
• rashin daidaituwa a sararin samaniya.

Kulawa

Ana ajiye tumaki masu kitse na Kalmyk a gonakin kiwo. Duk wani ginin gona zai yi. A cikin dakin gama gari don garken tumaki, yawan zafin jiki a lokacin sanyi ya kamata ya kasance cikin + 6 … + 9 ° C.

Irin nau’in ba shi da ma’ana – don kiwo, kawai wajibi ne don ba da kayan da aka rufe.

An kebe dakunan dakunan ga sarauniya masu ciki da na rago zuwa +19 … + 21 ° C. Dole ne ɗakin ya bushe tare da samun iska na halitta ko na wucin gadi. Kada a yarda da zane-zane.

Kula da dabbobi na yau da kullun ya haɗa da:

• jarrabawar dabbobi sau 2-3 a shekara;
• shirye-shiryen rigakafi;
• 2-3 kofato clippings;
• 2-3 yin iyo a lokacin bazara da bazara;
• shearing ulu a bazara da kaka.

Tushen abinci mai gina jiki na nau’in – kiwo a cikin nau’i na ciyawa a kan makiyaya. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da babu damar samun koren sabo abinci, abincin mutum ɗaya shine kamar haka:

• gishiri – 2 kg;
• abinci mai gina jiki – 700 g;
• abinci mai gina jiki – 1 kg.

Tumakin Kalmyk, kamar sauran nau’ikan wutsiya masu kitse, suna da babban rigakafi. Tare da kulawa mai kyau da ciyarwa, dabbobi ba sa rashin lafiya.

Haihuwa

Don ƙirƙira nau’in, ya zama dole a kusanci kusancin ma’auratan maza da mata, da kuma samar da yanayi mai daɗi don rago. Kiwon raguna ma wajibi ne, la’akari da wasu nuances.

rago

Mating na tumaki Kalmyk tare da raguna yana da kyawawa don aiwatar da shi a ƙarshen kaka. Yarki suna shirye don daukar ciki a watanni 7-10. Lokacin shirya tumaki don mating, ka tuna cewa tazara tsakanin estrus shine kimanin kwanaki 16, kuma tsawon sa yana zuwa kwanaki 2.

Muhimmanci! Ayyukan mutanen da aka ciyar da su sun yi ƙasa. Maza da mata masu nauyin al’ada an yarda su yi aure.

Ciki na nau’in kitse na mace yana ɗaukar kwanaki 145. Matsakaicin ɗan rago na Kalmyk yana daga mutane 1 zuwa 5. Mafi sau da yawa, mace tana kawo raguna 2-3 a shekara. Rago yana faruwa ba tare da wahala ba.

Matsayin tayin lokacin haihuwa: a – daidai; b – ba daidai ba

Mafi sau da yawa, manomi ba ya buƙatar shiga cikin aikin. Bayan haihuwa, kana bukatar ka tsaftace muzzle na rago daga gamsai, amma ba ka bukatar ka dauki jariri daga uwa.

Kiwon raguna

A al’adar manoman Kalmyk, akwai lokuta da yawa lokacin da mahaifiyar ba ta karbi rago ba. Idan mace tana da raguna fiye da 2-3 ko kuma ba ta karɓi jariri ba, ana kawo ɗan ga wata tunkiya.

Mafi kyawun zaɓi ga mahaifiyar “mai goyan baya” ita ce tunkiya da ta rasa rago ko kuma ta haifi fiye da mutane 2. Idan babu dan takarar da ya dace a cikin garken, ana ciyar da dabbobin da ba su da uwa ta hanyar wucin gadi da madara daga kwalban da nono.

Kalmyk masu kitse da raguna ba su da fa’ida.

Kasancewa kusa da mahaifiyar, matasa sun fara tafiya 2 hours bayan rago. A rana ta 3 da haihuwa, ragon ya riga ya bi garke. Lokacin shayarwa yana ɗaukar watanni 6. Girman matasa akan madarar uwa daya ta hanyar shekaru shida yana samun nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 50.

Muhimmanci! Har zuwa watanni 1,5, abincin raguna shine madarar uwa kawai. Yana yiwuwa a saba da matasa dabbobi zuwa manya abinci kawai bayan kai wata daya da rabi da haihuwa.

Yankin kiwo

Babban mazaunin Kalmyk tumaki mai kitse shine Jamhuriyar Kalmykia. Hakanan ana samun nau’in a cikin ƙasar Kazakhstan.

Tumaki mai kitse na Kalmyk iri iri ne marasa fa’ida, duk da haka, ba tare da kulawar da ta dace ba, kiwo ba zai yiwu ba. Koyaya, tare da ingantaccen tsarin noma, mai kiwon zai sami sakamako mai gamsarwa.