An bambanta nau’ikan tumaki masu ulun tumaki da sauran nau’ikan ta yadda gashin su ya ƙunshi nau’ikan gashi da yawa. Ya ƙunshi awn, tsaka-tsakin gashi da shuɗi, wanda ke da alhakin ɗaukar zafi. Gaba ɗaya, irin wannan gashin gashi yana da matukar wuya kuma ba a yi amfani da shi ba don samar da tufafi. Nau’in dabbobi masu kauri sun haɗa da tumaki da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, kowannensu yana da daraja sosai don samar da abubuwa daban-daban na tufafi da kayan haɗi da aka yi da ulu.
Irin tumaki masu kauri
Tumaki mai-koko
Irin nau’in nama masu launin gashi da mai kitse galibi ana shuka su a yankuna masu tsananin yanayin yanayi. Ana samun sauƙin wannan ta yawan juriyar dabbobi da daidaitawar jiki zuwa matsanancin zafi da ƙarancin zafi.
Babban fasalin irin wannan tumaki shine wutsiya mai kitse – buhu mai kitse na musamman, wanda yake a ƙarshen baya. Dabbobi na amfani da ita wajen adana abubuwan gina jiki, bitamin, ma’adanai da ruwa idan ba a samu isasshen abinci mai gina jiki ba. Nauyin ilimi sau da yawa ya kai 25-30 kg.
Baya ga babban jaka mai kitse, dabbobin wannan nau’in kuma ana bambanta su da sifofin waje masu zuwa:
- kafafu masu karfi;
- rashin ƙaho;
- hump da aka bayyana a cikin yankin kafada;
- in mun gwada da babban nauyi.
Nama-mai-kofi iri-iri ana yin kiwo ne musamman don nama da nonon tumaki. Sulun su bai dace da amfani da su ba. Ya ƙunshi awn kawai, siraren Jawo mai bakin ciki da busassun gashi. Duk wannan yana sa gashin gashi ya zama mai laushi kuma ba a iya gani a bayyanar.
Daga wannan nau’in, nau’ikan tumaki guda uku da suka fi shahara ana shuka su a cikin fili na cikin gida:
- Hissarskaya.
- Edilbaevskaya.
- Saradzhinsky.
Hissar irin
Hissar tumaki
An haifi nau’in Hissar a cikin yankin Tajikistan da Uzbekistan. An bambanta wakilansa ta musamman ma’aunin nauyi. Nauyin babban rago ya kai kilogiram 150. Har ila yau, wasu masu kiwo sun yi rajistar dabbobi masu nauyin kilogiram 190. A lokaci guda, girma na dabba shine 85-87 cm. Mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su girma fiye da 80-110 kg. Kuma tsayin su a cikin ƙura shine 80-82 cm.
Baya ga babban wutsiya mai kitse, wanda a cikin wannan nau’in zai iya yin nauyin kilogiram 32, ana kuma bambanta tumakin Hissar da karamin kai, dogayen wuyansa, siriri, gabobin karfi. Wool ba ya bambanta da halaye na musamman. Ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin samar da tufafi, amma kawai don kera mats ɗin ji. Launin da ke cikin halittu masu rai launin ruwan kasa ne. Amma, baƙar fata da jajayen mutane ma ba sabon abu ba ne.
Daga cikin fa’idodin layin pedigree shine precocity na matasa. Tuni a lokacin da aka yaye raguna daga mahaifiyarsu, nauyinsu ya kai 45-65 kg.
Magana. A cikin ƙasa na Rasha, irin waɗannan dabbobi ba a yin su a zahiri ba. Ana iya samun su a cikin gonaki kaɗan kawai.
Edilbaevsky
Edilbai ya bayyana kuma an bred a kan ƙasa na Kazakhstan. Sun dan yi kasa da Gissar a nauyi. Tumaki yana da shekaru daya kai nauyin kilo 90-100. A nan gaba, zai iya ƙara zuwa 120-145 kg. Adult tumaki girma zuwa 90-110 kg. Girman namiji mai girma ya kai 85 cm a bushe.
Edilbaevsky tumaki suna bred, yafi nama. Ana sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar halayen ɗanɗano mai girma na samfuran da precocity na halittu masu rai. Matsakaicin adadin yanka na kayan nama shine 55%. Dangane da nauyin nauyi, wannan shine kilogiram 40-45 na nama daga babban namiji. Har ila yau, ana samun kitsen tumaki har zuwa kilogiram 10-12 a lokacin yanka.
Edil iya
Amma, ulun nau’in kuma yana jin daɗin wani ƙima. Ana amfani dashi sosai wajen samar da kafet, da kuma masana’antar haske. A matsakaici, ana iya tattara har zuwa kilogiram 3 na ulu daga rago ɗaya a kowace shekara. Aƙalla 2-2.5 kg ana yanke su daga ƙananan larks.
Ya bambanta layin nau’in a tsakanin sauran da gagarumin yawan yawan madara. A matsakaita, tunkiya tana ba da madara lita 124-164 a kowace shekara. Amma a wasu lokuta, an yi rikodin ƙimar lita u185buXNUMXbof XNUMX.
Amma ga fecundity na edilbaevs, shi jeri daga 115 zuwa 130%. Wato kashi 15-30 ne kawai na wakilan garken suka haifi tagwaye.
Saraja irin
Tushen tumakin Saraja ya riga ya fi dacewa don dalilai na samarwa. An bambanta shi da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙasa, kuma akwai ƙarancin busassun gashi a cikin jimlar yawan matattu fiye da na farkon nau’ikan biyu. Launi na irin wannan ulu na iya zama fari ko launin toka.
Shanu Saraja suna nuna ƙimar yawan aiki sosai. Matsakaicin nauyin rago shine 100 kg. A cikin mata, ba ya wuce 70 kg. A lokaci guda kuma, gawawwakin irin waɗannan dabbobi suna ba da shawarar yankan aƙalla 50-60%.
Yawan aiki na tumaki dangane da ulu shine kilogiram 4-4,5 na albarkatun kasa don shear shekara ɗaya. Don tumaki, wannan darajar an rage zuwa 3,5 kg. Ana yin shearing ulu sau biyu a shekara. A ƙarshen sarrafa shi, mai mallakar dabbobin yana karɓar kusan 60-70% na samfuran tsabta.
Saraja shanu
Ana ɗaukar Turkmenistan a matsayin wurin haifuwar Saraja ƙananan shanu. A yankinta, tumaki har yanzu suna da farin jini sosai. Har ila yau, ana kiwo wasu adadin dabbobi a Rasha a cikin Altai Territory da Orenburg Region.
Nama-ulu-madara iri-iri
Irin wannan nau’in tumaki na duniya yana girma a cikin Transcaucasus da kuma a cikin yankunan tsaunuka na Arewacin Caucasus. Ƙasar tsaunuka da yanayin da ya dace ya sa irin waɗannan dabbobi su yi tauri kuma sun dace da kowane yanayi.
Ana yin kiwo don samun nama mai inganci, wanda aka bambanta da taushi da ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Har ila yau, gashin tumaki yana da daraja sosai, wanda a cikin tsarinsa ya riga ya kasance kusa da ƙananan ƙananan. Madara tana da daraja sosai don ƙimar sinadirai da ɗanɗanon sa. Idan aka kwatanta da tumaki na sauran layukan tsafi, yawan yawan madarar wannan yana kan matsayi mai girma.
Shahararrun wakilan wannan rukuni na tumaki masu santsi sun haɗa da:
- Tushino iri-iri.
- Gemu.
Tushino tumaki
An yi kiwon tumaki Tushino a Jojiya. Tarihin jinsin ya samo asali ne a cikin karni na 13, kuma an ba shi suna bayan Tushins, daya daga cikin al’ummomin kasar, wanda wakilansa suka haifar da irin.
Girman irin waɗannan dabbobin matsakaici ne. Nauyin rago yawanci bai wuce kilogiram 70 ba. Nauyin mai haske ya zo har zuwa 35-45 kg. Daga cikin nau’o’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) bambanta.
- kwarangwal mai ƙarfi;
- madaidaiciya kai na ƙananan girman;
- kafafu masu karfi;
- fadin kirji;
- ƙahonin suna haɓaka sosai a cikin raguna kawai, a cikin mata galibi ba sa nan gaba ɗaya.
Wani fasalin fasalin waje na tumakin Tushino shine wutsiya mai kitse. Saboda tarin kayan kitse a cikin yankin wutsiya, ana samar da matashin kai na musamman a cikin irin waɗannan dabbobi, wanda a zahiri yana kama da ci gaba na baya.
Furen irin waɗannan halittu masu rai a tsayi ya kai daga 15 zuwa 25 cm. Fure mai laushi ya mamaye babban wuri a cikin tsarin sa. Ya kasance daga 45 zuwa 75% na jimlar gashin gashi. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana cike da awn da gashi na wucin gadi. Rigar yawanci fari ce. Hakanan, kasancewar baƙar fata ko ja a cikin jiki ana ɗaukar al’ada. Fiye da kilogiram 4 na gashin ulu ana yanke daga rago ɗaya, kuma kusan kilogiram 3 daga rago ɗaya. Ana amfani dashi don samar da yadudduka daban-daban da kafet.
Tushino tumaki
Yawan yanka nama daga jimillar gawa shine 45-47%. An bambanta shi ta hanyar rashin ƙanshi na ɓangare na uku da laushi mai laushi. Yawan adadin madara na shanu don lokacin lactation shine 70 kg. Ana amfani da shi don yin cuku da cuku gida.
Fa’idodin irin waɗannan tumaki sun haɗa da juriya mai ƙarfi da tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi, kuma ƙarancin haihuwa yana kan gaba a cikin kasawa. Ga kowane sarauniya 100, babu fiye da raguna 115.
GASHI
Balbass ƴan ƙasar Armeniya ne da Azerbaijan. Nauyin har yau yana daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri a cikin Transcaucasus. Jagorancin nama-ulu-madara na yawan aiki a cikin layin tsattsauran ra’ayi ya ci gaba da niyya ta cikin shekaru masu yawa na zaɓi.
Balbas suna da ƙananan mahaifa. Nauyin su daga 55 zuwa 60 kg. Nauyin namiji ya kai 100-105 kg. Tsarin mulkin dabbobi yana da ƙarfi. Yana ɗaukar kwarangwal da aka haɓaka da kyau, madaidaiciyar baya, ƙirji mai zurfi. Gaɓar jikin Balbas suna da ƙarfi kuma suna bambanta da ƙaƙƙarfan kofato. A cikin yankin wutsiya akwai fatun mai guda biyu masu girma dabam dabam lokaci guda. Dangane da ci gaban yawan amfanin nono na sarauniya, suna da nono mai kyau.
ulu na irin wannan shanu ne wavy braids, tsawon wanda ya kai 18 cm. Abubuwan da ke cikin gashin gashi sun fi kama da na tushins. Ƙasa ya ɗan ɗan yi ƙarfi kuma awn ya fi sauran nau’ikan laushi. Kwat din yawanci fari ne ko launin toka mai haske. Wani lokaci daidaituwar launi yana damuwa da launin toka, fari ko ja.
Halayen yawan aiki na nau’in sune kamar haka:
- Ana tattara har zuwa kilogiram 1,8 na ulu daga mahaifa a cikin shekara guda. Adadin ulu daga rago ɗaya shine 3-3,5 kg. Bayan sarrafawa, kusan kashi 60% na ƙarar asali ya rage. Ana amfani da ulun da aka tattara don samar da yadudduka mafi muni da kafet.
- Yawan yanka nama shine 45%, ƙasa da sau da yawa 50%. Kayan nama suna da laushi kuma marasa wari.
- Yawan amfanin madara shine, a matsakaici, 130 kg a kowace kakar.
- Ƙarfin tumaki shine 110-120 matasa dabbobi ga kowane sarauniya 100. Rago suna iya samun nauyin kilogiram 25 a farkon watanni 4 na rayuwa.
Tumaki irin Balbas
A Azerbaijan da Armeniya, ana kiyaye irin waɗannan garken ta hanyar hanyar makiyaya ta musamman. Dabbobi sun dace da shi. Ana kuma noman Balbas a Turkiyya da Iran.
Smushkovo-madara
Smushkovo-madara kananan ƙahonin shanu an bred yafi don samun smushkas. Wannan kalma tana nufin fatun tumaki masu kwana 2-3, waɗanda aka bambanta su da ulu na musamman mai laushi da iri. Ƙimar irin waɗannan samfurori ya ta’allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa curls na ulu a kan fata yana daidaitawa tare da shekarun dabba, kuma gashin kanta ya zama launin launi.
Halayen na biyu na irin waɗannan nau’ikan sune yawan amfanin nono da matsakaicin yawan nama daga gawa.
Biyu daga cikin shahararrun nau’o’in iri a wannan hanya sune:
- Sokolskaya.
- Karakulskaya.
Sokoto iri-iri
Wannan nau’in ya samo asali ne daga Karakul da wasu nau’in tumaki na Ukrainian. An fitar da ita a yankin Poltava na yau. Waɗannan dabbobi ƙanana ne. Matsakaicin nauyin sarauniya daga 36 zuwa 40 kg. Nauyin rago ya kai alamar 50 kg.
Rage ulu na shekara-shekara daga rago shine 3.5 kg. Daga cikin mahaifa ba za ka iya samun fiye da 2.1 kg. Furen yana da nau’i daban-daban. Yana iya ba da shawarar ƙarami ko babba, kasancewar braids. Launin irin waɗannan shanu galibi launin toka ne tare da inuwa iri-iri. Wani lokaci ma ana haihuwar ’yan raguna masu baƙar fata. Ana amfani da Smushki don yin riguna, kwalabe masu laushi, da huluna. Ana amfani da ulu na manya don yin takalma masu ji da jin dadi.
Falcon irin
Dangane da yawan nono, a cikin tumakin Sokol ya kai kilogiram 75-80 a kowace shayarwa. Fat abun ciki na samfurin shine 8%. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi ne kawai don samar da cukuwar tumaki. Yawan haihuwa na nau’in shine 125%.
Babban yankin kiwo shine yankunan Poltava da Dnieper na Ukraine, da kuma yankunan kudancin Rasha.
Karakul tumaki
Ana ɗaukar ragunan Astrakhan a matsayin mafi kyau a duniya. Ba a adana bayanai masu inganci game da asalin irin nau’in ba, amma yawancin masu bincike sun yarda cewa ya samo asali ne daga tsakiyar Asiya. A yau ana yin kiwo a cikin Uzbekistan da Turkmenistan.
Irin waɗannan dabbobin ba sa girma sosai. A cikin manya, nauyin nauyi shine 70-80 kg. Mahaifa ba ya wuce alamar 45-50 kg. Abubuwan da ke gaba sune halayen bayyanar halittu masu rai:
- kai tsaye;
- ƙananan kai;
- fadi da gajere wuyansa;
- kwarangwal mai ƙarfi;
- kushin mai a cikin yankin wutsiya.
Ana haɓaka ƙaho ne kawai a cikin raguna. Queens suna da cikakken polledness.
A cikin tumaki na wannan nau’in, murfin woolen yana da laushi kawai a farkon watanni biyu na rayuwa. Bugu da ari a cikin tsarin girma, yana daɗaɗawa kuma wani ɓangare yana rasa haske. Kalar ragunan da aka haifa 80 cikin 100 baki ne. Sauran 20 ɗin sun raba launin ruwan kasa, launin toka mai duhu da bambance-bambancen kwat da wando a tsakaninsu. Amma, ko wane irin launi na rune, tare da shekarun dabba, yana …
