Yadda ake girma beets a cikin greenhouse: umarnin mataki-mataki

Girma beets a cikin greenhouse yana ba ku damar samun girbi na farko na kayan lambu na bitamin. Za mu koyi yadda za a shuka beets a cikin gida, da kuma yadda za mu kula da su don samun amfanin gona mai dadi.

Greenhouse irin beets

Akwai nau’ikan beets waɗanda aka tsara musamman don noman greenhouse. Har ila yau, sun dace da bude ƙasa, amma kawai a cikin yankuna da yanayi mai dumi.

Abubuwan da suka dace don girma a cikin greenhouse:

Hakanan ana iya shuka nau’ikan tsire-tsire a cikin yankuna masu tsananin yanayi idan an dasa su a lokacin rani.

Seedling

Ta hanyar girma seedlingsan gwoza, zaku iya kawo girbi kusa da makonni 2-3. Seedlings yawanci girma a gida. Ana shuka su ne don girma a lokacin da aka samar da yanayi mai kyau don girma da ci gaba a cikin greenhouse.

Tsakanin shuka tsaba da dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, makonni 3-4 sun wuce.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Kwayoyin gwoza sune tsire-tsire masu siffar ball waɗanda ke da wahalar shirya don shuka kafin shuka. Siya mai rufi tsaba suna shirye gabaɗaya don dasa shuki – ana iya shuka su ba tare da jiƙa da sauran aiki ba, wetting kawai substrate.

Yawancin lambu, suna so su kunna germination na tsaba, suna sarrafa su zuwa aiki kafin shuka. Amma ana yin shi ne kawai dangane da tsaba da aka tattara da kansu, ko kuma ba a sarrafa su ba.

Matakan shirya iri:

• Tsara Sanya tsaba a cikin ruwan gishiri. Duk abin da ya zo – jefar.
• Daidaitawa Cire samfurori da suka bambanta da girman al’ada – don haka tsire-tsire suna abokantaka.
• Kamuwa da cuta. Zuba tsaba a cikin maganin fungicides. Dace “Fitosporin”, “Vitaros” da sauransu.
• Jiƙa Saka kayan shuka a cikin jakar zane kuma sanya shi cikin ruwa mai sanyi na awanni 24. Sa’an nan kuma ajiye a cikin ruwan dumi (+24 ° C) na tsawon sa’o’i 35. Wannan magani accelerates fitowan seedlings.

Siffofin shuka beets

Tsire-tsire na gwoza suna buƙatar a kan danshi na ƙasa, suna son iska mai kyau – amma ba zayyana ba, kuma kada ku yarda da zafi. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don haɓaka shi shine + 16 ° C.

Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kowane akwati – filastik ko katako, mutum ko na kowa. A cikin akwati na biyu, dole ne ku ɗauka a matakin bayyanar ganyen cotyledon. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine gilashin da aka tsara don seedling ɗaya, ko tukwane na peat.

Yadda za a shuka tsaba don seedlings:

1. Shirya ƙasa. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine siyan substrate na duniya. Ƙara itacen ash a gare shi – gilashi a kan guga na ƙasa.
2. Cika kwantena seedling da ƙasa. Rufe shi da kyau, zuba ruwan dumi, ruwa mai tsabta. Zuba ma’aunin tare da Fitosporin ko wani fungicides don kashe shi.
3. Shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm. Idan an yi dasa shuki a cikin tabarau daban, sanya iri 1 a tsakiyar. A cikin manyan kwantena, shirya tsaba a cikin layuka a tazara na 2-3 cm.
4. Yayyafa tsaba tare da ƙasa kuma haɗa tare da katako. Rufe amfanin gona da fim ko gilashi, kuma sanya a wuri mai dumi.

Girma seedlings

Don girma da ƙarfi da lafiya gwoza seedlings, shi wajibi ne don samar da shi da dace kula.

Mafi kyawun yanayin girma don seedlings:

• Danshi Tsiran gwoza suna amsa daidai daidai da busasshiyar ƙasa da ruwa mara kyau. Lokacin shayarwa, yana da mahimmanci don kula da daidaituwa, hana ƙasa daga bushewa da zubar ruwa. Ana yin shayarwa akai-akai, amma a cikin ƙananan sassa. Ruwan da ya taru a cikin kwanon rufi bayan an shayar da shi ana zuba shi. Tare da ƙãra bushewar iska, ana fesa tsire-tsire da ruwa a cikin zafin jiki.
• Haske. Mafi kyawun wuri shine tagogin da ke fuskantar kudu. A cikin yankuna tare da ƙarshen bazara, ƙarin haske ya zama dole har zuwa awanni 12 na hasken rana.
• Zazzabi. Kafin germination, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a + 18 … + 20 ° C, kuma bayan bayyanar su, an cire murfin m, rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa + 16 ° C.
• Ciyarwa. Lokacin amfani da substrate da aka saya, suna yin ba tare da ƙarin takin mai magani ba. Idan tsire-tsire suna girma a cikin cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya da kansu, kayan ado na sama na iya zama dole. Aiwatar da hadaddun takin mai magani akan ma’adinai tare da fifikon abun ciki na nitrogen.
• Taurare. Mako guda kafin dasa shuki, ana fitar da tsire-tsire a waje yau da kullun, a hankali ƙara lokacin “tafiya” – daga minti 20 zuwa sa’o’i da yawa. Hakanan ana bada shawara don aiwatar da hardening dare, rage yawan zafin jiki da digiri da yawa.

Idan tsire-tsire sun girma a cikin akwati na kowa, ana yin zaɓin. Ta ceci shuka daga rashin haske da kauri.

Siffofin tsintar tsiron beet:

• A mataki na ganyen cotyledon, ana dasa shuki a cikin kwantena daban.
• Ƙasar da ke cikin sababbin kwantena ya kamata ya zama na abun da ke ciki kamar yadda yake a cikin akwati na kowa.
• Zurfafa da seedlings kadan zurfi fiye da a cikin tsohon akwati.
• Ana bada shawara don rage tushen kadan. Pinching yana ba ku damar samun amfanin gona mafi girma a nan gaba.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Beets suna girma mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai yashi da ƙasa mai laushi. Ba wai kawai girman tushen amfanin gona ba, har ma da ɗanɗanonsu ya dogara da ingancin ƙasa. A kan ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, beets za su yi girma maras ɗanɗano, tushen amfanin gona yana da ruwa, dandano mara daɗi. A kan ƙasa tare da babban abun ciki na yashi, ana samun irin wannan sakamako.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa:

1. Abun ciki. Beets, kamar yawancin amfanin gona, suna buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi, haske, ƙasa mara acidic. An yi ƙasan Greenhouse daga:
   • gonar lambu – 1 part;
   • peat – 3 sassa;
   • humus – 1 yanki;
   • yashi – 1 part.
2. Kamuwa da cuta. Ana kawar da ƙasa kafin amfani da kowane ɗayan hanyoyin da ake da su:
   • calcination;
   • sinadaran sunadarai;
   • daskarewa.
3. Taki. Sake cakuda da aka gama kuma yada kan gadaje. Ƙara ash – gilashi daya da 1 sq. m. da hadadden ma’adinai taki (sashi bisa ga umarnin).
4. daidaitawar acidity. Beets ba sa girma da kyau akan ƙasa mai acidic da ƙasa mai ɗanɗano. Don kawar da acidity, a cikin fall, don tono, ƙara farar ƙasa ko yashi – 0,5-1 kg a kowace 1 sq. m.

Girma beets a cikin greenhouse, da kuma a cikin bude ƙasa, dole ne ku bi ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona.

Magabatan da ake so:

• baka;
• kabeji;
• tumatir;
• kokwamba.

An haramta shuka beets bayan rutabagas, turnips ko seleri.

Kwanaki da hanyoyin saukowa

A cikin greenhouse, ana shuka beets ta hanyar seedlings ko shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Zaɓin na farko yana ba ku damar samun girbi na farko, na biyu – yana kawar da mataki na girma seedlings.

Ana dasa Beets a cikin greenhouse a kusa da rabin na biyu na Afrilu. Lokacin dasa shuki, zafin iska da ƙasa sun fi jagora fiye da kwanan watan kalanda.

Hanyoyi don dasa beets:

1. Tsaba. Tsakanin layuka suna yin tazara na 25-30 cm. An shimfiɗa tsaba tare da tsagi ko kuma bisa ga stencil na musamman. Nisa tsakanin tsaba da ke kusa shine 3-4 cm. Zurfin shigarwa shine 2-3 cm. An yayyafa amfanin gona tare da peat ko humus.
2. tsiri. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai tsayin 8 cm, ana dasa su a cikin layuka, suna lura da tazara na 15-20 cm. An bar tazarar cm 30 tsakanin layuka.

Kula da beets a cikin greenhouse

Gwoza shine amfanin gona mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi wanda zai iya girma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau. Amma aikin mai lambu shine samun girbi mai kyau. Kuma batu ba kawai a cikin yawa ba, har ma a cikin ingancin amfanin gona na tushen. Dandanin beets zai dogara ne akan kulawa – taki, shayarwa, da dai sauransu.

Watering da takin beets

Ana shayar da Beets, suna mai da hankali kan yanayin ƙasa. Kamar dai lokacin da ake shuka tsiro, wajibi ne a kiyaye daidaito tsakanin bushewar ruwa da bushewa daga ƙasa.

Ka’idojin watering beets:

• Ana shayar da seedlings bayan dasa shuki kowane kwanaki 2-3. Babu takamaiman adadin shayarwa. Wajibi ne a kula da yanayin ƙasa – ya kamata ya zama m a dukan zurfin tushen.
• Yayin da suke girma, yawan shayarwa yana raguwa. Ana shayar da beets kusan sau ɗaya a mako.
• Matsakaicin yawan shayarwa ga tsire-tsire masu girma shine lita 10-15 a kowace 1 sq. m.
• Yana da amfani don shayar da shuka tare da rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate.

Idan ƙasa an shirya kuma takin daidai da duk ka’idoji, to, beets ba sa buƙatar suturar saman. Sai dai idan a tsakiyar lokacin girma yana da daraja ƙara ash a cikin ƙasa – 100-150 g da 1 sq. m.

Bakin ciki

Kwayoyin gwoza sune tsire-tsire waɗanda ke ba da harbe da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Saboda haka, bayan shuka, ba za a iya kauce wa bakin ciki ba.

Ya kamata a cire harbe mai yawa nan da nan bayan bayyanar ganye na farko. Tsakanin tsire-tsire masu kusa ya kamata ya kasance kusan 8 cm – idan nau’in kayan zaki ya girma, kuma 10-12 cm – idan kuna buƙatar samun amfanin gona mafi girma.

Idan karin tsire-tsire ba a tumɓuke su ba, amma an cire su tare da ƙaramin cokali, to ana iya dasa su. Amma wannan dole ne a yi nan da nan, to, damar da za a samu tushen shuka yana da yawa sosai.

Cututtuka da kwari

Beets suna da ingantaccen rigakafi. Haka kuma, akwai nau’ikan da ke da juriya musamman ga wasu cututtuka.

A karkashin yanayi mara kyau da rashin rigakafi, beets na iya shafar irin waɗannan cututtuka:

1. A cornet. Yana faruwa saboda zubar ruwa. Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana a farkon farkon lokacin girma. Tsire-tsire suna juya rawaya kuma su mutu. Rigakafin cuta:
   • gabatarwar suturar boron;
   • sanarwa;
   • suturar iri.
2. Phomosis. Brown spots suna bayyana a ƙananan ganye, sa’an nan kuma baƙar fata. Jiyya:
   • aikace-aikace a karkashin tushen borax – 3 g da 1 sq. m;
   • spraying tare da bayani na boric acid (na 10 lita na ruwa – 5 g).
3. Cercosporosis. Wuraren haske tare da jajayen iyaka suna bayyana akan ganye. Sai ganyen ya bushe, kuma tushen amfanin gona ya lalace. Ana rage jiyya zuwa jiyya tare da fungicides. Ana bi da tsaba da Agat-25 kafin shuka. Ana kuma bada shawarar abubuwan da ake amfani da su na potassium.
4. Fusarium rot Hare-hare da aka lalata shuke-shuke. Cracks bayyana a kan tushen, da ƙananan ganye bushe. Muna buƙatar fesa rigakafi da boron.

Mafi sau da yawa, irin waɗannan kwari suna shafar beets:

• tsince;
• thyroid;
• aphid;
• tubalan;
• na kowa da ma’adinai kwari.

An fi dacewa da dasa shuki tare da hanyoyin jama’a, ta amfani da magungunan kashe kwari kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi.

Hanyoyin sarrafa kwari:

• A kan aphids, jiko na bawon albasa ko wormwood yana taimakawa. A kan guga na ruwa dauki 1 kg na finely yankakken busassun taro. Tafasa minti 15. Nace awa 3 sannan tace.
• Aphids da masu ɗaukar garkuwa ana korarsu ta rassan tsutsotsi waɗanda aka sanya tsakanin layuka.
• Ana fitar da ƙuma ta hanyar ƙura da toka ko ƙurar taba. Fesa tare da jiko na toka shima yana taimakawa. An shirya shi ta hanyar diluting 1,5 tbsp. l. a cikin guga na ruwa. Nace toka na kwana 1.
• A kan kwari, masu ɗaukar garkuwa da sauran kwari, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen ƙwayoyin cuta ko magungunan kashe kwari, alal misali, Aktar, Karbofos, Iskra.

Girma beets a cikin wani greenhouse a cikin hunturu

Don girma kayan lambu a duk shekara, greenhouses suna mai tsanani. Sannan ana iya girbe kayan lambu duk shekara. Gaskiya ne, farashin su zai kasance da yawa saboda farashin dumama, don haka ana amfani da wannan hanyar yawanci lokacin girma kayan lambu don siyarwa.

greenhouse bukatun

A cikin greenhouse na shekara-shekara, tsire-tsire ya kamata su kasance daidai da dadi a kowane lokaci, ciki har da lokacin hunturu.

Abubuwan buƙatun don greenhouse hunturu:

• ikon samar da yanayin zafi da zafi da ake so;
• yawan hasken rana da hasken wucin gadi;
• tushe mai tushe;
• mafi kyawun zane – tare da rufin da aka kafa;
• kasancewar wani ɗaki da ƙofofi biyu;
• yiwuwar samun iska;
• tushen dumama – alal misali, tukunyar jirgi na lantarki ko murhun itace;
• a bangarorin biyu – bututu don dumama.

Ana bada shawara don zurfafa greenhouse don rage farashin dumama.

Mafi mashahuri zaɓin ƙirar greenhouse shine firam ɗin walda. Kuma a matsayin amfani da sutura:

• gilashin zafin masana’antu;
• fim din polyethylene;
• polycarbonate cell.

Shiri na seedlings

Seedlings don girma a cikin hunturu a cikin greenhouse za a iya girma ta hanyoyi biyu:

• A gida. Wannan zaɓi yana ba ku damar adanawa akan dumama.
• A cikin greenhouse. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da wannan zaɓi lokacin da ake buƙatar babban adadin seedlings. Ana ba da shawarar shuka tsire-tsire a cikin wani greenhouse daban, saboda yanayin haɓakar iri ya bambanta da yanayin da tsire-tsire masu girma ke girma. A matakin germination, ana buƙatar ƙananan zafin jiki da zafi mafi girma.

Seedling agrotechnics na hunturu namo daidai yake da na bazara-lokacin bazara. An shirya ƙasa bisa ga shirin iri ɗaya kamar lokacin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouses marasa zafi.

Siffofin kulawa

Don shuka kayan lambu a cikin…