Namo na fodder beets ga dabbobi

Gwoza fodder shine amfanin gona mara fa’ida da aka shuka don ciyar da dabbobi. Tushensa masu ɗanɗano, mai wadata a cikin pectin da fiber, suna da mahimmanci musamman yayin rashin koren fodder. Za mu koyi game da shahararrun irin wannan amfanin gona, yadda ake shuka shi, girma da kuma ajiye shi har zuwa bazara.

Tarihin fodder gwoza

A Turai, an san beets tun ƙarni na 13, kuma Jamusawa ne suka fara shuka su don ciyar da dabbobi. Makiyaya sun lura cewa ciyar da dabbobi tare da beets yana da tasiri mai kyau akan yawan madara da dandano madara.

A cikin karni na 16 a Jamus an raba beets zuwa nau’i biyu – fodder da sukari. Na farko ya fara girma sosai don ciyar da dabbobi. Tun daga karni na 18th ana noman beets fodder a duk ƙasashen Turai.

Bayanin al’ada

Fodder gwoza shine amfanin gona na shekaru biyu. A cikin shekara ta farko, tushen amfanin gona mai kauri da rosette da aka kafa ta ganyen basal suna girma. A cikin shekara ta biyu na girma, furannin furanni sun bayyana, suna samar da ‘ya’yan itatuwa tare da tsaba.

Bayanin shuka:

• Tushen. Suna iya zama nau’in jaka, oval-conical, cylindrical ko mai siffar zobe. Matsakaicin nauyi shine 0.5-2.5 kg. Tushen amfanin gona na iya samun launuka daban-daban – ja, ruwan hoda, rawaya, kore-fari, purple, orange.
• Gudu. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, al’adar tana girma furen fure mai launin kore mai siffar zuciya. Tsayin fitarwa ya kai mita 1.
• Inflorescences. Paniculate inflorescences suna girma a kan peduncles masu ganye, wanda tsaba ke girma.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Noman forage da ake la’akari da shi yana da ribobi da fursunoni, waɗanda ke da amfani ga masu kiwon dabbobi su sani.

Amfanin gwoza fodder:

• manufa don ciyar da dabbobi;
• yawan amfanin ƙasa;
• yana taimakawa wajen inganta narkewar dabbobi;
• yana ƙara yawan haihuwa na ƙasa, yana rage ƙwayar ciyawa;
• yana da abubuwan samar da madara.

Rashin hasara:

• shayarwa da taki na yau da kullun wajibi ne;
• daidaito ga ingancin ƙasa;
• in mun gwada ƙarancin furotin;
• idan kun ba da saniya mai kiwo fiye da kilogiram 10 na beets a kowace rana, kitsen abun ciki na madara ya sauke, kuma dandano ya tsananta;
• bukatar canza wurin noma a kowace shekara.

Kwatanta fodder da sugar beets

Abubuwan amfanin gona biyu masu alaƙa suna da yawa iri ɗaya, amma kuma akwai isassun bambance-bambance tsakanin fodder da beets na sukari.

Kwatanta fodder da sugar beets:

Alamomi Gano Bayyanar Sugar ‘ya’yan itatuwa duhu ne, ganyen suna sheki. Ya bambanta a cikin adadi mai yawa na ganye. Tushen girma Matsayin nutsewa cikin ƙasa ya dogara da iri-iri. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙasa. Yana da tsarin tushen ƙarfi mafi ƙarfi. Yi amfani da ciyarwa don dabbobi. Ana amfani da duka tushen amfanin gona da saman. Don samar da sukari. Za a iya amfani da saman da tushen amfanin gona azaman fodder. Haɗin Ƙarƙashin Ƙimar kuzari. More sucrose da kashi 20%.

Fodder gwoza cultivars

Ciyar da nau’in gwoza da manoma ke nomawa sun bambanta ta fuskar ripening, siffar da launi na tushen amfanin gona.

naman alade

Yawan aiki – 80-85 cents a kowace ha 1. Siffar tushen amfanin gona shine cylindrical-conical. ‘Ya’yan itatuwa masu matsakaicin girma. Launi na lemu. Nauyin – har zuwa 5 kg. nutsewa cikin ƙasa da kashi 30%. Ruwan ruwa fari ne kuma mai daɗi. Tushen amfanin gona ana iya adanawa – ana adana shi har zuwa Mayu.

Starmon

Yawan aiki har zuwa ton 70 a kowace ha. Ba ya girma akan saline da ƙasa acidic. Rosette na shuka yana tsaye, ganye suna elongated. Siffar ‘ya’yan itacen conical ne. Launin ‘ya’yan itace: ɓangaren ƙasa – rawaya, sama-ƙasa – kore. Matsakaicin nauyi – 10 kg.

Lada

Iri-iri yana da ingancin kiyayewa. Yawan aiki – 120 ton a kowace ha, matsakaici – 170 ton a kowace ha. Iri-iri yana da ɗan saukin kamuwa da fure. Nauyin – har zuwa 10 kg. Launi fari ne ko fari mai ruwan hoda. Ruwan ruwa yana da ɗanɗano, fari kuma mai ƙarfi.

Milan

Hybrid na zaɓi na Belarushiyanci. Yawan amfanin gona na tushen ya kai ton 140 a kowace ha 1. Ƙananan ɓangaren tushen fari ne, ɓangaren iska kore ne. Rosettes suna tsaye, ganye na matsakaicin faɗi, tare da fararen jijiyoyi. Tushen amfanin gona ana binne kashi 60% a cikin ƙasa. Ya bambanta da ƙarancin ƙazanta da ƙasa. Tushen amfanin gona suna da taushi, adana har zuwa ƙarshen bazara.

Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na Polly

Bambance-bambancen tsakiyar-marigayi harsuna da yawa. Yawan aiki – har zuwa ton 130 a kowace ha. Tushen amfanin gona suna nutsewa cikin ƙasa da kashi 40% kuma an ɗan gurbata ƙasa. Launi – ruwan hoda-ja. Ruwan ruwa yana da ɗanɗano da fari. Nauyin tushen amfanin gona har zuwa 6 kg.

Eckendorf rawaya

Cold hardy iri-iri. Yawan aiki – har zuwa ton 150 a kowace ha. Iri-iri yana da tsayayya da furanni kuma baya samar da kibiyoyi. Tushen amfanin gona rawaya ne, an nutsar da kashi 30% cikin ƙasa. Nauyin – har zuwa 900 g.

Aikin shiri

Don girma manyan tushen amfanin gona na fodder beets, wajibi ne don shirya ƙasa da tsaba yadda ya kamata.

Inda za a dasa beets?

Al’adar tana tsiro da kyau akan ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki da ɗanɗano acidic (har zuwa 7,5 pH). A kan swampy, clayey, stony da yashi ƙasa, noman gwoza fodder ba ya kawo amfanin da ake sa ran.

Beets suna girma da kyau bayan hatsi, masara da kayan lambu. A cikin jujjuyawar noman abinci, mafi kyawun magabata sune:

• masarar silage;
• cakuda hatsi-wake;
• al’adun kankana.

Zai yiwu a sake dasa beets fodder a cikin filin daya bayan shekaru 3, ba a baya ba.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Al’adar tana buƙata akan haɓakar ƙasa, saboda haka, kafin shuka, ya zama dole a shirya ƙasa a hankali, inganta tsarinta da abun da ke ciki.

Hanyar shirya ƙasa don shuka:

1. Share yankin ciyawa. Shayar da ciyawa, kuma bayan makonni biyu, lokacin da sabon harbe ya bayyana, maimaita weeding. Don kawar da perennials – ciyawar alkama da sarƙaƙƙiya, bi da yankin tare da maganin herbicides, misali, “Buran” ko “Roundup”.
2. A cikin fall, ƙara kwayoyin halitta don tono. Domin 1 ha – 35 ton na humus ko takin da 0,5 ton na ash.
3. Kafin dasa shuki, sake tono ƙasa, gabatar da nitroammophoska – 15 g a kowace mita 1 mai gudu.

Mafi kyawun ƙasa don shuka beets fodder shine sako-sako da, m tare da ƙananan clods.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Don kada tsaba su lalace a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a sarrafa su. Gudanarwa kuma zai hana cututtuka da yawa.

Odar sarrafawa:

• Jiƙa tsaba a cikin cikakken bayani na potassium permanganate. Ya isa mintuna 30.
• Domin tsaba su tsiro a lokaci guda, sanya su a cikin mai kara kuzari.
• Bushe tsaba.

Saukowa

Nasarar noman noman kiwo ya dogara ne akan lokacin aikin shuka da kuma riko da tsarin shuka.

Ranar ƙarshe

Gwoza fodder yana da lokacin girma mai tsayi – kwanaki 120-150, don haka yakamata a dasa shi da wuri – da zaran yanayin yanayi mai kyau ya haɓaka. Shuka gwoza fodder yana farawa bayan ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa +7 ° C, ba a baya ba.

Ƙayyade lokacin shuka, la’akari da halaye na wani iri-iri da yanayi:

• Yankunan da yanayin zafi. Ana shuka shuka daga Maris 15 zuwa 30. A cikin yanayi mara kyau, ana jinkirta aikin shuka zuwa farkon Afrilu.
• Yankunan Arewa. Ana shuka beets a nan daga farkon Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Mayu.

Shuka

Idan ƙasa ta dumi har zuwa +7..+8 ° C, kuma ana sarrafa tsaba, zaku iya fara shuka.

Tsarin shuka:

• A kan shafin, yi furrows a tazara na 60 cm daga juna.
• Zurfafa tsaba a cikin ƙasa ta 3 cm. Don gudu 1. m – 15 tsaba.
• Rufe tsaba da ƙasa.

A zazzabi na + 8 ° C harbe suna bayyana bayan kimanin kwanaki 12-14, a +15 ° C – bayan kwanaki 4-5. Idan zafin iska ya ragu zuwa 3 ° C, tsire-tsire na iya wahala.

Siffofin kulawa

Ayyukan aikin gona:

1. Ruwa. Yawan shayarwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da lokacin girma. Dokokin shayarwa:
   • yawan ruwa yana ƙaruwa a lokacin girma da samuwar amfanin gona na tushen;
   • a daina shayarwa wata daya kafin girbi.
2. Kula da ciyawa. Sakamakon ciyawa, har zuwa 80% na amfanin gona za a iya rasa. Ana aiwatar da weeding da layuka har sai saman shuke-shuke ya rufe.
3. Bakin ciki. Al’ada a lokacin farkon watanni 1,5 yana girma a hankali. Amma da zaran seedlings suna da nau’i biyu na ganye na gaskiya, ana yin bakin ciki. A kan mita mai gudu ɗaya, tsire-tsire 4-5 ya kamata su kasance, babu ƙari. Tsakanin tsakanin sprouts da ke kusa shine 25 cm.
4. Sakewa. A karo na farko an sassauta ƙasa kwanaki 2 bayan shuka, sannan bayan kowace watering. Don sassautawa yi amfani da abin yanka.
5. Aikace-aikacen takin mai magani. Don haɓaka yawan amfanin gona a lokacin girma, ana ciyar da amfanin gona akai-akai. Abubuwan da ke tattare da takin mai magani da adadin su ya dogara da irin ƙasa. Yawanci amfani:
   • nitrogen da takin mai magani – 130 kg da 1 ha;
   • potassium-phosphorus gaurayawan – har zuwa 150 kg da 1 ha;
   • Boron-dauke da takin mai magani – 180 kg kowace 1 ha.

Idan ba ku daina shayar da kwanaki 30 kafin girbi ba, abun ciki na sukari a cikin tushen amfanin gona zai ragu kuma ingancin su zai lalace.

Cututtuka da kwari

Suna ƙoƙarin kada su bi da beets fodder tare da maganin kwari da fungicides don kada su cutar da dabbobi. Don magance cututtuka da kwari, galibi ana amfani da matakan rigakafi.

Cututtukan gwoza gama gari:

1. Powdery mildew. Ya bayyana a matsayin dattin farin rufi akan ganye. Don tsayayya da cututtukan fungal mai haɗari yana taimakawa:
   • lalacewa ta kan lokaci na ragowar shuka;
   • kiyaye jujjuya amfanin gona;
   • aikace-aikacen takin ma’adinai;
   • spraying tare da fungicides;
   • lokacin watering.
2. Cercosporosis. Yana rinjayar ganye – wurare masu haske tare da iyakar launin ruwan kasa-ja ya bayyana akan su. Yaƙin ya sauko zuwa ga halakar da ya dace da ragowar shuka, takin beets tare da takin ma’adinai da kuma ɗaukar matakan adana danshi a cikin ƙasa (loosening, riƙe dusar ƙanƙara, weeding).
3. Phomosis. Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana a ƙarshen lokacin girma, saboda haka ya fi cutar da amfanin gona. Mai haddasawa, shiga ciki, yana kaiwa ga ruɓewar ainihin. Dalilin phomosis sau da yawa shine rashin boron a cikin ƙasa. Matakan sarrafawa – suturar iri tare da polycarbacin da gabatarwar boron a cikin ƙasa (3 g da 1 sq. M).
4. A cornet. Wannan cuta yana haifar da rotting na harbe da tushen. Yana tasowa akan ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, mara kyau a cikin humus. Wajibi ne a lura da jujjuya amfanin gona, sassauta ƙasa, yin suturar kayan iri.
5. Igiya ruɓe. Yana shafar tushen amfanin gona a lokacin ajiya. Matsalolin da ke haifar da cutar na iya zama asalin ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungal. Tushen amfanin gona da abin ya shafa ya fara rubewa daga ciki, daga baya wani shafi mai launin toka ko fari ya bayyana a sama. Don hana ɓarna matsewa, yana da mahimmanci don hana wilting da daskarewar amfanin gona na tushen, don tabbatar da yanayin ajiya mafi kyau.

Babban kwari na beets:

1. Gwoza ƙuma. Suna gnaw ta cikin ganye, iya kashe seedlings. Abubuwan da suka faru:
   • yarda da fasahar aikin gona – shuka da wuri, sassautawa, suturar sama;
   • suturar iri;
   • tare da babban harin ƙuma – fesa tare da Phosphamide 40%.
2. Gwoza aphid. Yana tsotsa ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga sassan tsire-tsire na sama. Ana ba da shawarar fesa shuka da 50% karbofos (lita 800 a kowace ha.).
3. Gwoza tashi. Larvaensa suna lalata ganye. Noman kaka mai zurfi da fesa maganin kwari ya zama dole.
4. Gwoza kaza. Yana cin ganye da saiwoyi. Matakan sarrafawa sun haɗa da sassauta ƙasa, noman kaka da fesa maganin kwari. Hakanan zaka iya shimfiɗa bats masu guba.

Girbi da adana amfanin gona

Domin tushen amfanin gona da za a adana na dogon lokaci kuma ba lalacewa ba, wajibi ne a cire su a cikin lokaci, da kuma haifar da yanayin ajiya mai kyau.

Shawarwari:

• Ana kammala tsaftacewa kafin sanyi.
• Tushen amfanin gona an bushe, an yanke saman kuma an cire ƙasa mai mannewa.
• Ana adana amfanin gona na tushen a cikin ɗakunan ajiya mai kyau, a cikin kwantena masu tsabta. Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a +2…+4°C.
• Hakanan za’a iya adana beets a cikin tudu – manyan tari. Nisa daga cikin tari shine 3 m, tsayinsa shine 25 m, tsayinsa shine 1.5 m. Ana amfani da bambaro da ƙasa akan tushen amfanin gona tare da Layer na akalla 60 cm.

Ta yaya gwoza fodder ke shafar dabbobi?

Fodder gwoza shine tushen abinci mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi iri-iri. Ana iya ba da shanu, awaki, alade da kaji.

Fodder gwoza yana shafar jikin dabbobi ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

• Shanu Hadawa na yau da kullun na beets a cikin abincin yana ƙara yawan yawan madara. Matsakaicin matsakaicin shine 10-18 kg kowace rana. Rabin wata daya kafin calving, an dakatar da ciyar da beets.
  Tushen amfanin gona ana ba da su a cikin nau’i mai tururi. Ana niƙa su a zuba da ruwan zãfi, sannan a haɗa su da ciyawa ko bambaro.
• Awaki. Yana inganta narkewa. Yana ƙara yawan amfanin madara da abun ciki mai mai. Don akuya, kilogiram 3-4 na beets kowace rana ya isa.
• Kaji. Diyya ga…