Girma beets a Siberiya

Godiya ga ƙirƙirar sabbin nau’ikan masu jure sanyi, a yau a Siberiya zaka iya shuka beets da wuri cikin sauƙi. Yana da mahimmanci kawai don kiyaye yanayin yanayi, girma da kyau da kuma dasa shuki. Karin bayani kan wannan daga baya.

Features na zabar iri-iri don noma a Siberiya

Ba za a iya kiran yanayi a Siberiya da kyau don girma kayan lambu ba, amma yana da sauƙin shuka beets a nan. Babban abu shine zaɓar nau’in nau’in da ya dace.

Halayen nau’in gwoza don girma a Siberiya:

• Farko ko matsakaiciyar ripening. Lokacin girma shine kimanin kwanaki 100.
• Mai jurewa ga canjin yanayin zafi.
• Cold hardiness da hardiness.
• Babu hali don yin fure.

Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine nau’ikan da aka keɓe a Siberiya. An dace da su da yanayin yanayin Siberiya. Wadannan nau’o’in sun samo asali ne ta hanyar masu shayarwa na gida, waɗanda a cikin aikin su sun mayar da hankali ga rayuwa da kuma daidaitawa a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi.

Mafi kyawun iri don Siberiya

Ba duk nau’in gwoza ne ke iya samar da kayan amfanin gona masu inganci a cikin yanayi mara kyau ba. Saboda marigayi bazara da gajeren lokacin rani, beets na talakawa iri ba su da lokacin yin girma.

A cikin yanayin Siberiya, wajibi ne a shuka iri da hybrids da aka yi niyya musamman don wannan yanki:

• Siberian Flat. Wannan shine farkon iri-iri. Tushen amfanin gona yana da lebur, yana auna 200-300 g. Mai jure wa cercosporosis, ba mai saurin fure ba. Daga 1 sq. m tattara daga 3 zuwa 7 kg. Abin dandano yana da kyau.
  
• Bordeaux 237. Matsakaici farkon iri-iri. Tushen amfanin gona suna zagaye, zaƙi. Girbi ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, yin ƙarya. Yawan aiki – 7-9 kg a kowace murabba’in 1. m.
  
• Mara misaltuwa. Matsakaici farkon iri-iri. Tushen amfanin gona ne m, suna yin la’akari 140-400 g. Mai jure wa cercosporosis. Yawan aiki – 3-7 kg a kowace murabba’in 1. m. Yana da inganci mai girma.
  
• Mai tsiro daya. Late-ripening iri-iri na siffar siffar zobe. Nauyin tushen amfanin gona shine 300-600 g. Iri-iri yana da taushi da daɗi. Daga 1 sq m girbi 4 kilogiram na beets.

  

Tare da shuka bazara, ana shuka beets a cikin kaka. Wannan hanya ta shahara musamman a yankunan kudanci tare da dumin hunturu. Koyaya, a Siberiya, ana shuka beets kafin hunturu; don wannan dalili, akwai nau’ikan sanyi na musamman.

Iri-iri na beets don shuka hunturu:

• Mai jure sanyi 19. Matsakaici farkon iri-iri. Tushen amfanin gona girma har zuwa 250 g a nauyi. Siffar tana zagaye. Ya dace da duka hunturu da dasa shuki. Yawan aiki – 3,3-4,2 kg a kowace murabba’in 1. m.
  
• Podzimnaya A-474. Matsakaici farkon iri-iri. Daga 1 sq. m tattara 7 kg ko fiye. Podzimney A-474 tushen amfanin gona suna zagaye, suna yin la’akari 200-400 g. An bambanta shi da babban juriya na sanyi da juriya na cututtuka.
  

Aikin shuka kafin shuka

Don samun girbi mai kyau na gwoza, yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don kula da shi ba, har ma don shirya yadda ya kamata don dasa shuki. Pre-shuka shirye-shirye an rage zuwa aiki na tsaba da ƙasa.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Beets na daga cikin amfanin gonakin da za a iya shuka iri cikin aminci ba tare da kulawa ta musamman ba. Amma lambu da yawa sun fi son jiƙa iri don saurin germination.

Abubuwan da aka saya waɗanda aka yi magani na musamman ba za a iya jiƙa su cikin ruwa ba da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta – harsashin su na kariya zai karye.

Tsaba da ba a shafe su ba kuma an tattara su da kansu, ana bada shawara don tsinkaya a cikin wani ɗan ƙaramin ruwan hoda bayani na potassium permanganate. Tsawon lokaci – 12 hours.

Zaɓuɓɓuka don shirya tsaba don shuka:

1. Saurin jiƙa. Jiƙa tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 8 a cikin ruwa. Ruwan zafin jiki yayin nutsewa yana daga +30 zuwa +35 ° C. Bayan sa’o’i 4 na jiƙa, dole ne a canza ruwan. Ana iya naɗe kayan dasa kafin nutsewa cikin jakar zane.
2. Germination. Wannan hanya za ta ɗauki kwanaki da yawa. Tsari:
   • Ninka tsaba a cikin zane ko yayyafa da ɗanyen sawdust.
   • Sanya zane tare da tsaba a cikin saucer, kuma idan kuna amfani da sawdust, rufe su da fim ko gilashi.
   • Sanya tsaba don tsiro a wuri mai dumi (+20 … + 22 ° C).
   • Duba iri kullum. Kada ka bari ya bushe, daskare zanen / sawdust kamar yadda ake bukata.
   • Lokacin da tsaba suka girma, kuma wannan yawanci yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 2-3, nan da nan dasa su a cikin ƙasa.

Zabar wurin saukowa

Lokacin zabar wurin dasa shuki beets, suna kimantawa, da farko, haskensa, magabata da abun ciki na danshi.

Bukatun rukunin yanar gizo:

• Haske. Beetroot yana son rana, don haka ya kamata a guji inuwa.
• Magabata. Beets suna girma da kyau bayan amfanin gona na nightshade, cucumbers, kabeji. Ba za ku iya dasa beets bayan radish, swede, seleri.
• Maƙwabta. Al’adun sun kasance tare da albasa, kabeji, Dill, letas.
• Ƙasa. Ana maraba da ƙasa mai laushi da ƙasa mara kyau tare da tsaka tsaki acidity.
• Danshi. Wuraren da ke da fadama da ruwa ba su dace ba. Tare da babban matakin ruwa na ƙasa, ana iya shuka amfanin gona, amma a kan gadaje masu tsayi.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa yana da kyau a cikin fall, don takin da aka yi amfani da shi ya sami lokaci don shiga cikin ƙasa. Idan an rasa wannan damar, an shirya shafin a cikin bazara, amma ba daga baya fiye da makonni 3-4 kafin dasa shuki beets.

Hanyar shirya ƙasa:

• Tona wurin zuwa zurfin 30 cm. Ƙara guga na takin / humus da 1 tbsp don tono. l. superphosphate da murabba’in mita na yanki. Takin mai magani yana da mahimmanci musamman don shafa akan ƙasa mai yashi ko yashi.
• Sake yumbu da ƙasa mai nauyi tare da peat ko yashi, ƙara 1/2 guga na duka a kowace 1 sq. m.
• Yanke ƙasa acidic. Don wannan dalili, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ash na itace – ƙara 200 g da 1 sq. m, a cikin ƙasa yumbu – 300 g kowace.
• Bayan an tono da taki, nan da nan matakin da sassauta wurin.
• Ko da a cikin fall kun yi duk aikin shirye-shiryen, a cikin bazara har yanzu kuna tono gado kuma ku daidaita ƙasa tare da rake.

Idan babu shiri na kaka, ƙara a cikin bazara, maimakon superphosphate, nitroammophoska – 1 tbsp. l. da 1 sq.m.

Shuka a cikin bude ƙasa

Shuka iri a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi shahara ta girma. Babban abu a cikin wannan taron shine kimanta lokacin shuka da kiyaye tazara tsakanin tsaba.

Ranar ƙarshe

A cikin bazara, ana dasa beets na farko a tsakiyar watan Mayu. A wannan lokacin ne ƙasar Siberiya ta yi zafi har zuwa +5…+6°C. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa ya kamata ya dumi ba kawai a saman ba, har ma a zurfin 10 cm.

Tsakanin kakar da marigayi beets ana dasa su daga baya, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa + 8 … + 10 ° C.

Ana yin shukar hunturu a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, yana mai da hankali kan yanayin iska – ya kamata ya faɗi zuwa +2 … + 4 ° C.

Spring shuka beets

Idan ba ku da tabbacin cewa yanayin zai kasance da kyau don shuka a cikin kwanaki 2-3, yi ba tare da shayar da tsaba ba. Sa’an nan za ku iya sauƙi sake tsara taron zuwa kwanan wata.

Tsarin shuka:

• Zana tsagi 3-4 cm zurfi a kan gadaje da aka shirya. Kula da tazara tsakanin layuka – 30 cm.
• Shayar da layuka da karimci kuma jira ruwan ya jiƙa a ciki.
• Yada tsaba a cikin layuka a nesa na 4-5 cm daga juna.
• Cika ramukan da ƙasa kuma ku haɗa da katako.
• Sake shayar da yankin. Amma a yi shi a hankali don kada a wanke ƙasa. Yi amfani da bututun ruwan sama don shayarwa.

Idan hasashen ya yi alƙawarin sanyin sanyi, rufe amfanin gona da fim ko wasu kayan rufewa. Amma cire shi da zarar harbe ya bayyana. Kuma idan sun riga sun bayyana, to, cire fim din a kan arcs don kada ya shiga cikin shuke-shuke.

Dasa beets kafin hunturu

Siberiya yana da zafi mai zafi, kuma a watan Oktoba yana iya dusar ƙanƙara. Amma kasancewarsa bai kamata ya rikita masu lambu ba. Ya isa ya share gadaje da dusar ƙanƙara, kuma zaka iya shuka beets.

Halaye da tsari don shuka hunturu:

• Shuka bushe tsaba kawai.
• Dole ne ƙasa ta bushe. Ba a shayar da amfanin gonakin.
• Yada tsaba a tazara na 10 cm.
• Cika tsagi tare da tsaba tare da ƙasa da ciyawa da peat ko sawdust. Matsakaicin kauri na ciyawa shine 2-3 cm.
• Rufe amfanin gona da faɗuwar ganye ko allura. Kauri daga cikin kariyar Layer ne 10-20 cm. Saka rassan a saman kuma rufe da dusar ƙanƙara.

Hanyar seedling

Hanyar seedling yana ba ku damar samun girbi a baya. Beets da aka dasa tare da seedlings suna shirye don girbi kwanaki 20-25 kafin lokacin shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe.

Kwanan shuka don seedlings

Ana shuka iri don seedlings kimanin kwanaki 30 kafin dasa shuki. Ana yin shuka a cikin watan Afrilu, kuma ana shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa ba a baya fiye da shekaru goma na uku na Mayu. Seedlings ana shuka su ne a bude ƙasa, jiran consistently dumi weather. Ya kamata ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa +10 ° C.

Shuka iri

Kowane mai lambu na iya shuka tsiron gwoza a gida. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar kwantena don seedlings, ƙasa ko siyan siye, da kayan iri.

Yadda za a shuka tsaba don seedlings:

• Cika tukwane ko kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa ko cakuda ƙasa, peat da humus (1: 2: 1).
• Shayar da ƙasa tare da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta, misali, Fitosporin-M.
• Cire ƙasa kuma a fesa shi da kwalban feshi.
• Shuka tsaba a cikin layuka tare da tazara na 2-3 cm idan ana yin dasa shuki a cikin kwantena, ko iri ɗaya a kowane gilashi idan akwati na mutum ne. A cikin akwati na farko, dole ne ku nutsar da tsire-tsire – dasa su a matakin ganyen cotyledon a cikin kwantena masu faɗi.
• Rufe tsaba tare da ƙasa a saman, Layer na kusan 1 cm.
• Fesa ƙasa kuma da kwalban fesa.
• Rufe amfanin gona tare da fim mai haske ko gilashi, kuma sanya a wuri mai dumi.

Kula da seedlings

Da zaran harbe sun bayyana, kuma wannan ya faru bayan ‘yan kwanaki bayan shuka, an cire madaidaicin tsari. Ana sanya kwantena tare da tsire-tsire kusa da haske, zai fi dacewa akan tagogin kudu.

Kula da seedling:

• Ruwa. Ana shayar da seedlings yayin da ƙasa ta bushe. Ruwa ya kamata ya zama matsakaici – tsire-tsire gwoza ba sa jure wa ruwa. Ana shayar da seedlings akai-akai, amma a cikin ƙananan rabo. Ana zuba ruwa daga cikin tire.
• Bakin ciki. Kowane iri yana bada har zuwa tsiro guda biyar, don haka shuka ya yi kauri. Tare da taimakon almakashi, ana cire tsiro mai rauni da lahani. Tsirrai maƙwabta kada su taɓa juna da ganyen cotyledon.
• Zaɓi A mataki na ganyen cotyledon, ana iya dasa shuki a cikin manyan kwantena. Ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa ƙasa tare da irin wannan abun da ke cikin akwati na asali.
• Babban sutura. Idan an dasa seedlings a cikin substrate, to ba sa buƙatar suturar saman. Ana iya haɗe cakuda ƙasa na gida tare da hadadden takin ma’adinai, wanda nitrogen ya fi girma.
• Zazzabi. Tsire-tsire ba sa son yanayin zafi, lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, ana saukar da zazzabi daga + 18 … + 20 ° C zuwa + 16 ° C.
• Haske. Seedlings bukatar 12 hours na hasken rana. Idan ya cancanta, kunna fitilar wucin gadi. Ana sanya Phytolamps a nesa na 30-50 cm daga seedlings. Tare da rashin haske, tsire-tsire za su raunana kuma su shimfiɗa.
• Taurare. Kwanaki 7-10 kafin dasa shuki, ana fitar da seedlings a titi. Lokacin tafiya yana ƙaruwa a hankali, yana kawo har zuwa sa’o’i da yawa.

Dasa tsire-tsire a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa

Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe lokacin da ganye na gaske 4-6 suka bayyana. Shirye-shiryen seedlings ba shine kawai yanayin dasa shuki ba – yanayin yanayi mai kyau dole ne ya haɓaka.

Beets suna jure wa dasawa da kyau, amma yana da mahimmanci a yi hankali lokacin canja wurin seedlings daga kwantena daban zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Tsarin dashen seedlings:

• Kwance gadon ya daidaita shi da rake.
• Yi layuka a cikin lambun tare da tazara na 20-30 cm daga juna. Ko yi ramukan daban don kowane seedling. A kowane hali, nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire masu kusa ya kamata ya zama 6-10 cm, dangane da iri-iri. Don 1 sq m ya kamata ya dace daga 40 zuwa 50 seedlings.
• Zuba ruwan dumi a kan ɓacin rai, kuma lokacin da ruwan ya sha, motsa tsire-tsire a cikin su. Shuka seedlings tare da ƙasa clods. Lokacin dasa shuki, ana iya dasa tushen, to, tsire-tsire za su yi girma da sauri, kuma tushen amfanin gona zai fi girma.
• Rufe tushen da ƙasa kuma ɗauka da sauƙi.
• Shayar da tsire-tsire da aka dasa. Yi amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi.
• Cika ƙasa tare da peat, humus, sawdust. Ciyawa zai riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma ya hana ci gaban ciyawa.

Wasu masu lambu suna datse duk ganye sai na tsakiya daga tsiron da ake dasa. Wannan hanya tana sauƙaƙe tushen, waɗanda suke da rauni sosai bayan dasa shuki, daga kaya.

Siffofin girma da kula da beets

Beetroot ba shine mafi yawan buƙata ba …