Don amfani da sabo, ajiya da sarrafawa, yawancin lambu suna shuka beets Detroit. Kimanin kwanaki 100 bayan fitowar seedlings daga lambun, zaku iya tattara amfanin gona masu matsakaicin matsakaici waɗanda zasu faranta muku da kyakkyawan launi na maroon da ɗanɗano mai kyau.
Beetroot Detroit
Beetroot Detroit yana da ɓangaren litattafan almara
Beetroot Detroit launi mai duhu ba tare da fararen ɗigo ba
Bayani iri-iri
Beet Detroit shine abin alfahari na zaɓin Italiyanci, wanda aka yi rajista a cikin 1994, kuma bayan shekaru 3 ya shiga cikin Rijistar Tsirrai na Tarayyar Rasha don noma a cikin Tsakiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Tare da nasara, iri-iri kuma ana girma a cikin Moldova da Ukraine. Ana iya samun halayensa a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:
Siga
Bayani
Lokacin ripening iri-iri shine tsakiyar kakar – lokacin daga germination zuwa girma na fasaha shine kwanaki 85-105. Yankunan noma amfanin gona ya dace da noma a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a cikin yankuna da yanayi mai zafi da zafi. Yana da na’urar ganye mai ƙarfi da tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, don haka yana jure wa fari.
Hakanan za’a iya noma shi a cikin yankuna masu sanyi da sanyi a ƙarƙashin murfin fim, saboda yana dacewa da sauye-sauyen yanayi, yana jure wa ɗan sanyi sanyi da tsiro har ma da shuka hunturu. Shuka Ganyen rosette na matsakaicin tsayi yana da tsaka-tsaki kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan ganye masu santsi waɗanda “zauna” akan dogayen yanka.
Farantin ganye yana da launin kore mai haske kuma ana diluted da anthocyanin mai launin ja-violet. Fuskokinsa yana ɗan kumfa, kuma yana kaɗawa tare da gefuna. Petiole, wanda aka zana a cikin launin ja-purple, kuma yana jan hankali. Tushen amfanin gona Al’adar tana ba da ‘ya’ya tare da tushen amfanin gona tare da sigogi masu zuwa:
- tsari – zagaye da dan kadan elongated zuwa wutsiya, daidaitacce, ba tare da lahani ba;
- nauyi daga 150 zuwa 200 g;
- tushen axial – bakin ciki, gajere da ja;
- fata – santsi, bakin ciki, ja duhu;
- nama – m, taushi da kuma m, m maroon launi, ba tare da farar veins da zobba, tare da abun ciki na 17-20% busassun al’amarin da 12-14% sugars (da 100 g).
Za a iya amfani da beets na amfani da sabo, ana amfani da su wajen dafa abinci, gami da shirya decoctions da juices. Hakanan ana iya shuka shi don siyar da samfuran katako. Yawan aiki Daga murabba’in 1. m gadaje za su iya samun har zuwa kilogiram 9 na ‘ya’yan itace, kuma daga 1 hectare – 362-692 tsakiya. Yawan samfurin a matakin mai kyau – 82-91%. Ana iya adana kayan amfanin gona mai inganci har zuwa kakar wasa ta gaba ba tare da asarar dandano da halayen kasuwanci ba.
An kwatanta halayen beets Detroit a cikin bidiyon da ke ƙasa:
Jami’in kiwo na Detroit iri-iri shine TM Clause (Faransa). Ana iya ba da oda iri-iri akan gidan yanar gizon hukuma na kamfanin ko kuma a siya a cikin shagunan lambun kamfanin.
Dabbobi iri-iri na Detroit
Ganin kyawawan halaye da shaharar al’adun, masu shayarwa sun yi amfani da shi azaman tushen ƙirƙirar nau’ikan gwoza masu zuwa:
- Detroit Dark Redduhu–ja). Wani nau’in da ya fara girma wanda ke ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da tushen amfanin gona masu nauyi daga 80 zuwa 250 g. Suna da siffa mai zagaye da nama mai duhu ja tare da babban abun ciki na sukari, ba tare da jijiyoyin jini ba.
- Detroit 6 Rubidus. Wani farkon balagagge iri-iri wanda ke da juriya ga sanyi da ƙarancin haske na halitta, don haka ana iya horar da shi ko da a wuraren shaded. Yana da kyau don siyar da wuri, don haka yana shahara da masu lambu. Yana ba da ‘ya’ya tare da ‘ya’yan itace masu zagaye tare da sandar axial siririn.
- Detroit 2 Black. Matsakaici mai girma iri-iri iri-iri waɗanda ke ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da tushen burgundy nama, ba mai saurin tara nitrates ba. Madalla don ajiya na dogon lokaci.
A cikin lambun, zaku iya shuka duk bambance-bambancen beets na Detroit a lokaci guda don zaɓar kakar gaba iri-iri da za su kawo mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa, nuna juriya ga cututtuka da kwari.
Hanyoyin saukarwa da kwanakin
Detroit beets za a iya noma ta hanyoyi biyu:
- Ta hanyar shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Shahararriyar fasaha wacce ke ba ku damar shuka amfanin gona a cikin yanayi biyu, tunda ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin bazara da kuma kafin hunturu. A cikin akwati na farko, mafi kyawun lokacin shuka shine daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu (bayan ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa + 10 … + 13 ° C), kuma a cikin na biyu – a farkon Nuwamba.
- tsiri. Yana ba ku damar adana iri da samun girbi a baya, yayin da tushen amfanin gona ya cika makonni 2-3 da sauri fiye da shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Duk da haka, wannan fasaha kuma yana da rashin amfani – yana ƙara yawan hankali na seedlings zuwa canjin yanayin zafi kuma yana rage juriya ga cututtuka. Ya kamata a shuka iri don seedlings a farkon Afrilu. Bayan kamar wata guda, za a iya dasa tsiro a cikin lambun.
Zaɓin wurin da shirye-shiryen
Don samun girbi mai albarka na amfanin gona na tushen, kuna buƙatar noma beets a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa da kyau kuma da aka shirya sosai. Lokacin zabar wurin saukarwa, kuna buƙatar la’akari da buƙatun masu zuwa:
- shafin ya kamata ya kasance mai haske kuma a kiyaye shi daga zane-zane, kamar yadda shuka ba ta yarda da shading da kyau ba kuma yana buƙatar ƙarfin hasken wuta;
- wurin ya kamata ya sami zafi mai kyau, tun da Detroit beets kayan lambu ne masu son danshi;
- yana da kyawawa cewa cucumbers, tumatir, dankali ko albasa suna girma a kan shafin a kakar wasa ta ƙarshe (duk nau’in kabeji da karas sune magabata marasa yarda);
- Ƙasar da ke cikin lambun ya kamata ta zama sako-sako, mai laushi kuma tare da acidity mai laushi ko tsaka tsaki.
Mafi kyau duka, al’adar tana ba da ‘ya’ya a cikin tsaka-tsakin loamy da ƙasa mai yashi tare da isasshen adadin kwayoyin halitta.
Dole ne a shirya wani wuri tare da ma’auni masu dacewa don beets a gaba – a cikin fall, tono felu a kan bayoneti, cire tarkace shuka kuma amfani da takin gargajiya (humus, taki mai lalacewa). Idan ƙasa tana da babban acidity, ya zama dole a ƙara ash, gari dolomite ko lemun tsami.
Shirye-shiryen iri
Kwayoyin gwoza suna tsiro a hankali, don haka dole ne a sarrafa su kafin shuka a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko don tsiro. Ga hanyoyi masu inganci:
- Jiƙa kayan dasa don kwana ɗaya a cikin ruwan dumi. A lokacin wannan hanya, canza ruwa sau 2-3, sa’an nan kuma bushe da shuka a cikin ƙasa. Idan tsaba sun manne a lokacin jiƙa, ba dole ba ne a rabu da su, don kada su haifar da lahani maras kyau a gare su.
- Ninka wani zane a cikin yadudduka 2 kuma a jiƙa a cikin ruwa ko wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate, sa’an nan kuma sanya shi a kan saucer. Sanya tsaba 50-100 akansa kuma a rufe da datti iri ɗaya. Cire miya a wuri mai dumi (+18…+25°C) na tsawon kwanaki 4. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar jiƙa masana’anta akai-akai don kada ya bushe. Har ila yau, ba shi yiwuwa a cika shi da ruwa, don kada ya haifar da lalacewa na kayan dasa.
- Don tabbatarwa, sanya tsaba a cikin wani Layer 3-4 cm a cikin kwanon rufi da kuma zuba 50 lita na ruwa. Bayan sa’o’i 32, ƙara yawan adadin ruwa. Ajiye tukunyar a zafin jiki na +15…20C na tsawon kwanaki 2-3, a baya an rufe shi da rigar datti. Na gaba, zuba tsaba a cikin akwati tare da Layer na har zuwa 3 cm kuma a ajiye su na kwanaki 10 a cikin dakin sanyi.
Shirye-shiryen tsaba za su iya girma mafi kyau, nuna juriya ga cututtuka da yawa kuma suna ba da girbi a baya.
Dasa beets
Kafin shuka, ya kamata a shayar da gado sosai a cikin adadin buckets 10 na ruwa a kowace 20 m. Idan an yi shuka a kan shimfidar wuri, yana da kyau a shirya kaset guda biyu.
Tsarin shuka iri shine kamar haka:
- nisa tsakanin tsaba a jere – 15 cm;
- jeri jeri – 35-30 cm;
- zurfin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa na yau da kullun – 3 cm, kuma a cikin peat – 5 cm;
- yawan iri – 1-1,5 g da 1 sq. m.
Bayan shuka, ya kamata a yayyafa tsaba da ƙasa, gado ya kamata a mulched, kuma a cikin yankuna masu sanyi, an rufe shi da tsare. A karkashin yanayi mafi kyau (zazzabi na iska + 4-5 ° C), harbe na farko zai bayyana a cikin mako guda.
Lokacin shuka, ana iya haxa tsaban gwoza tare da tsaba alayyafo. Wannan zai taimaka hana ci gaban ci gaban ciyawa mai haɗari ga Detroit. Lokacin da harbe na farko ya bayyana, dole ne a cire alayyafo ko a bar shi har wani wata, sannan a girbe shi.
Idan an girma beets ta hanyar seedlings, to, ana buƙatar dasa shuki zuwa wuri na dindindin lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa + 15 … + 20 ° C. Tsakanin furrows yana da daraja kiyaye 10-12 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka – 45 cm.
kula da saukowa
Iri-iri na Detroit ba mai ban sha’awa ba ne a cikin kulawa, amma yana buƙatar aiwatar da lokaci na matakan agrotechnical da yawa, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman a yanayin girma beets ta hanyar seedlings. Kulawar da ta dace ya haɗa da manipulations masu zuwa:
- Ruwa. Har sai da samuwar tushen amfanin gona, shayar da gado sosai, sa’an nan kuma rage yawan moistening zuwa 1 lokaci a mako a cikin adadin 15 lita na ruwa da 1 sq. m. Yana da kyawawa don shayar da wurin da safe ko da yamma. Kada kasa ta kasance ko dai bushewa da yawa ko jika sosai. Dakatar da shayarwa gaba daya wata daya kafin girbi da ake sa ran.
- Sako da sako. Dole ne a kwance rigar gado don inganta musayar iskar gas da iskar ƙasa. Samar da “lumps” na ƙasa bai kamata a yarda da shi ba, tun da yake ba sa barin abubuwan gina jiki su shiga cikin ƙasa kuma suna rage ci gaban bushes. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a koyaushe a “tsabta” wurin, yayin da weeds ke nutsar da shuka matasa, yana rage ingancin amfanin gona.
- Ciki. Don riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa da kuma kashe germination na weeds, gado ya kamata a mulched. An lura cewa tushen amfanin gona ya fi girma a cikin wani wuri mai cike da ciyawa.
- Bakin ciki. Dole ne a aiwatar da hanyar sau 2 a kakar kuma kawai a cikin yanayin girgije. Yana da daraja fitar da beets bisa ga wannan makirci:
- a cikin yanayin bayyanar 2-3 ganye na gaskiya – cire ciyawa da ƙananan harbe, barin 3-4 cm tsakanin bushes;
- a cikin lokaci na samuwar ganye 4-5 – fadada rata tsakanin tsire-tsire zuwa 7-8 cm.
- Ƙarin hadi. Dole ne a yi amfani da takin zamani sau da yawa a lokacin kakar, amma bai kamata a bar yawan su ba, saboda hakan zai haifar da fatattaka tushen amfanin gona da samuwar ɓarna a cikinsu. Anan shine mafi kyawun tsarin ciyarwa:
- a cikin lokaci na ganye 2-3 (bayan raguwa) – amfani da takin gargajiya don cika ƙasa tare da nitrogen;
- a mataki na weeding – yi amfani da takin mai magani na potash zuwa ƙasa (16-20 g da 1 sq. M).
Za’a iya daidaita tsarin ciyarwa dangane da bayyanar tsire-tsire: idan saman yana haskakawa, ƙara potassium, kuma idan veins akan shi ya juya ja – sodium.
- Kariya daga cututtuka da kwari. Ga Detroit beets, rot (fari, launin toka) da mildew mai ƙasa na iya zama haɗari. Daga cikin kwari, Medvedka da Winter Scoop suna da haɗari. Don hana lalacewar su, kuna buƙatar ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani na potash da kuma ci gaba da ci gaba da shafin.
Girbi da adana amfanin gona
Lokacin da shukar bazara, zaku iya girbi tushen amfanin gona a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Satumba. A wannan lokacin, za su cika cikakke kuma za su kasance mafi inganci. Don kada ku yi kuskure tare da lokacin girbi, ya kamata ku kula da yanayin mai tushe – a cikin albarkatun gona mai tushe, sun bushe kuma sun juya rawaya.
Zai fi kyau a tattara beets a bushe, yanayin dumi idan babu raɓa. Wannan zai ba ka damar bushe tushen amfanin gona na ɗan lokaci a cikin rana, wanda zai fi dacewa da tasirin kiyaye su.
Beets ba su da fa’ida ga yanayin ajiya. Babban abu shine a ajiye shi a wuri mai sanyi ba tare da wuce haddi ba. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na dakin shine + 2-3 ° C. Yawancin lambu suna adana beets a cikin cellar tare da tubers dankalin turawa ko a cikin jakar filastik tare da damar 15-20 kg. Ana buƙatar a ɗaure jakunkuna, amma an buɗe ɗan lokaci kaɗan lokacin da na’urar ta cika, ta yadda zata ƙafe ta cikin ƙaramin rami.
Yadda ake girbe gwoza Detroit za a iya gani a bidiyo mai zuwa:
Ribobi da fursunoni na iri-iri
Darajar Detroit beets yana cikin halaye masu zuwa:
- ko’ina yana girma kuma yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa akai-akai;
- yana ba da ‘ya’yan itace daidai da siffa da girman tushen amfanin gona tare da kyawawan halaye na kasuwanci da manufar duniya;
- ya nuna juriya ga cututtuka da tsvetushnost;
- yana jure daskarewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci na ƙasa;
- yana da babban taro mai ƙarfi da tsarin tushen, don haka baya jin tsoron zafi da yanayin girma mara kyau;
- yana ƙarƙashin ajiya na dogon lokaci sabo ba tare da asarar ɗanɗano da kaddarorin amfani ba, da kuma …
