Dokoki don dasa shuki da girma beets a gonar

Table gwoza yana jure sanyi snaps, don haka ana girma a ko’ina a cikin bude ƙasa. Ba shi da wahala sosai a cikin kulawa, amma daidaitattun ayyukan noma zai sa tushen amfanin gona ya yi girma, mai daɗi da daɗi.

Zaɓin nau’in gwoza

Lokacin zabar beets don dasa shuki, ana kimanta su bisa ga ka’idodi da yawa – ta lokacin lokacin girma, ta ɗanɗano, ta launi da siffar.

Iri-iri na beets bisa ga ma’auni daban-daban:

Ta hanyar balaga. An kasu iri-iri zuwa kashi uku:
- Farkon kyandir. Daga germination zuwa girbi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 80 zuwa 110. Popular farkon iri: Carillon, Bolivar, Misira, Red Ball, Nastenka, Vinaigrette.
- Matsakaicin Lokacin ciyayi – kwanaki 110-130. Shahararrun nau’ikan tsakiyar kakar: Sonata, Crimson ball, Delicy, Globus F1.
- Late Tushen amfanin gona yana girma a cikin kwanaki 130-145. Mafi kyawun nau’ikan marigayi: Matrona, Citadel, Fron, Silinda.
Tsayawa inganci. Ba duk nau’in gwoza ne aka adana da kyau ba. Mafi sau da yawa, ana adana nau’in marigayi don ajiya. Amma daga farkon beets na tsakiya, akwai kuma tushen amfanin gona na dogon lokaci. Ana ba da shawarar irin waɗannan nau’ikan don ajiya: Nosovskaya flat, Crosby, Rocket F1, Madame Ruzhette F1, Tenderness, Gypsy.
Ku ɗanɗani. Zaƙi ɗanɗanon beets ya dogara da abun ciki na sukari. Tushen kayan lambu tare da babban abun ciki na sukari ba kawai dandano mai kyau ba, har ma sun dace da sarrafawa. Ana samun ruwan ‘ya’yan itace masu daɗi daga gare su, an gabatar da su a cikin menu na yara. Mafi kyawun nau’in beets: Bravo, Mu’ujiza ta al’ada, Kozak, High, Mulatto.

Masana sun tattara ƙimar gwoza tebur, wanda a ciki suka tattara mafi kyawun iri:

Ana shirya don dasa shuki

Nasarar noman beetroot ya dogara ne akan ingancin ƙasa da lokacin dasawa. Za mu koyi yadda ake shirya ƙasa da iri don dasa shuki, da yadda za a zaɓi wurin da ya dace.

Mafi kyawun lokaci

Beets shine amfanin gona mai son zafi, wanda bai kamata a yi gaggawar shuka ba. Lokacin ƙayyade lokacin shuka, ana la’akari da yanayin yanayin yankin.

Yanayin zafi da aka ba da shawarar don shuka beets:

iska – daga +15 zuwa +18 ° C.
Ƙasa – daga +6 zuwa +10 ° C.

Kimanin kwanakin shuka don yankuna daban-daban:

Yankunan Kudancin – a cikin rabi na biyu na Maris ko Afrilu.
Hanyar tsakiya (yankin Moscow) – tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Ural da Siberiya – rabi na biyu na Mayu.

Har ila yau, lokacin dasa shuki yana da alaƙa da alaƙa iri-iri – ana shuka iri na farko na farko, ƙarshen ripening – na ƙarshe.

Idan an shuka beets marigayi da wuri, tushen amfanin gonakin su yayi tauri da rashin ɗanɗano.

Ana iya shuka Beets kafin hunturu. Yi haka kafin sanyi. Don shuka hunturu, ana amfani da nau’ikan na musamman kawai. Don hunturu, an rufe amfanin gona. Gwoza na hunturu yana tsiro da wuri, yana ba da girbi da wuri.

Juyawa amfanin gona

Lokacin zabar wurin dasa shuki beets, ya zama dole a la’akari da wane amfanin gona ya girma akansa a baya. Teburin gwoza yana da magabatan da ba su da kyau kuma mara kyau.

Beets suna girma sosai bayan:

dankali;
Luka;
Kabewa
wake;
kokwamba;
wake;
tafarnuwa.

Ba a ba da shawarar shuka beets bayan:

kabeji;
karas;
seleri
beets.

Magabata na tsaka tsaki:

kwarjini;
barkono;
radish;
kore kore;
radish;
tumatir.

Ba a ba da shawarar dasa beets a wuri ɗaya ba. Tsakanin amfanin gona na al’ada ya kamata ya wuce aƙalla shekaru 3-4.

Zaɓin wurin da shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Domin gwoza tebur ya yi girma da daɗi, yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayin girma mai kyau. Kuma wannan tsari yana farawa tare da zaɓin shafin.

Lokacin zabar rukunin yanar gizon, ana la’akari da buƙatun masu zuwa:

Ana buƙatar haske mai kyau.
Kasa ya kamata ya zama mai gina jiki da sako-sako. Kasa peat, yashi loams, loams sun dace da beets.
Beets suna buƙatar sarari don girma, don haka dole ne a sami isasshen sarari tsakanin tsire-tsire masu kusa don tushen amfanin gona ya girma.
Za a iya dasa al’adun a cikin “iyaka” tare da dankalin turawa ko kokwamba, kusa da gadaje tare da albasa ko ganye.
Beets na buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai. Don hana ruwa maras kyau, wajibi ne a shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba su da kyau.

Ana ba da shawarar shirya ƙasa don dasa beets a cikin fall:

Cire tarkacen shuka kuma tono ƙasa, gabatar da kwayoyin halitta – taki ko takin. Ya kamata a zurfafa taki da 30-35 cm.
Idan ƙasa tana da yawan acidic, yayyafa lemun tsami a kan shi – 0.5-1 kg a kowace murabba’in 1. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da dakakken kwai, garin dolomite ko ash na itace.
Aiwatar da takin ma’adinai a cikin fall – potassium sulfate ko superphosphate. Yada granules a kan ƙasa kuma a tono gadaje. Don 1 sq. m – 300 g na taki.
A cikin bazara, sake haƙa gado kuma a yayyafa peat ko ruɓaɓɓen sawdust a saman.

Yawan takin mai magani lokacin shirya ƙasa don beets:

Yawan taki, g kowace murabba’in 1. Ammonium sulfate 20-30 Ammonium nitrate 15-20 Potassium chloride 10-15 Superphosphate 30-40

Idan kun wuce adadin takin mai magani, tushen zai zama mara kyau – tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara, fashe, tare da ɓoyayyen.

Ana ba da shawarar yin gadaje don dasa shuki daidai kafin shuka iri, to za a sami ƙarin danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma seedlings zasu bayyana da sauri.

Ana shirya tsaba don dasa shuki

Beets suna da manyan tsaba waɗanda suke da sauƙin shuka a daidai lokacin. Idan tsaba da aka saya sune ruwan hoda ko kore, to, an riga an sarrafa su a cikin fungicides da stimulants, kuma suna shirye gaba daya don dasa shuki.

Ba za a iya jiƙa da tsaba da aka saya ko shuka ba, dole ne a dasa su a cikin ƙasa a bushe.

Kwayoyin da ba a kula da su suna da launin ruwan kasa ko yashi. Irin wannan kayan shuka dole ne a shirya don dasa shuki.

Yadda ake shirya tsaba:

Gwajin Germination. Jiƙa tsaba a cikin ruwan gishiri. Bayan ‘yan sa’o’i kadan, duba sakamakon – jefar da dukkanin tsaba masu iyo, ba su da amfani ko za su ba da ƙananan amfanin gona.
Kamuwa da cuta. Jiƙa tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 12 a cikin wani ɗan ruwan hoda bayani na potassium permanganate.
Taurare. A madadin haka, jiƙa tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi da sanyi – na sa’o’i da yawa.
Gudanarwa a cikin abin motsa jiki. Tsabar da aka gwada don germination, kunsa cikin gauze kuma a nutsar da su cikin maganin “Zircon”, “Epin” ko wani abu mai kara kuzari. Lokacin bayyanarwa yana daga minti 30 zuwa 4 hours, dangane da nau’in shiri.
bushewa Cire tsaba daga abin da ke motsa jiki, kurkura sosai kuma sanya su a wuri mai dumi na 24 hours. A wannan lokacin, tsaba za su kumbura, kuma wasu ma za su fara peck – yanzu suna shirye don shuka.

Idan an dasa tsaba kafin hunturu, to, shirye-shiryen ya sauko don bincika germination da disinfection. Ƙwayoyin da suka kumbura da yawa suna iya yin girma, wanda zai kai ga mutuwarsu.

umarnin kwashewa

Kwayoyin gwoza suna da girman gaske, don haka babu matsaloli wajen shuka su. Ba kamar karas, radishes da sauran amfanin gona da yawa ba, tsaba gwoza ba sa buƙatar haɗuwa da yashi – ana iya rarraba su daidai da wurin dasa shuki ba tare da wannan ba.

Shuka iri

Idan ƙasa ta dumi, za ku iya fara shuka. Kada ku yi sauri, ƙasa ya kamata dumi har zuwa zurfin 8-10 cm. Irin da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi da ɗanɗano na iya ruɓe kafin su girma.

Hanyar da za a shuka beets a cikin ƙasa bude:

A kan gadaje, zana furrows 2 cm zurfi. Don yin su ko da, tare da ƙasa mai yawa, yi amfani da allo. Tura shi cikin ƙasa maras kyau. Nisa tsakanin furrows ya dogara da girman tushen amfanin gona:
- don kananan beets – 10-15 cm;
- don manyan beets da aka adana don ajiya – 20-30 cm.
Shayar da furrows tare da tukunyar ruwa. Ruwa a hankali don kada a wanke ƙasa.
Lokacin da ruwan ya sha, yada tsaba tare da tsagi. Nisa tsakanin tsaba shine daga 4 zuwa 10 cm. An zaɓi tazara ta la’akari da iri-iri da manufar amfanin gona na tushen.
Cika ramukan da ƙasa ko ruɓaɓɓen humus.
Shayar da shuka ta cikin bututun ruwan sama.

Dasa shuki

Don samun farkon girbi na beets, ana amfani da hanyar noma ta seedling. Tushen amfanin gona na farko ya riga ya kasance a cikin Yuli. Ana shuka tsaba don seedlings a watan Maris-Afrilu, kuma ana shuka su a cikin ƙasa a cikin Afrilu-Mayu, dangane da yankin.

Ana dasa tsire-tsire na gwoza cikin ƙasa buɗe lokacin da suke da ganye na gaske 2-3.

Lokacin girma seedlingsan gwoza, bai kamata a ƙyale girma ba. Idan tushen seedlings ya tsaya a kan kasan akwati na seedling, to tushen amfanin gona na iya girma mara kyau.

Tsarin shuka:

Yi ramuka a cikin gadaje da aka shirya. Girman su ya kamata ya zama kamar yadda tushen tsire-tsire ya dace da kwanciyar hankali a cikin su. Tazara tsakanin ramuka ya dogara da iri-iri:
- cylindrical beets – 10-12 cm;
- matsakaici-sized beets – 12-15 cm;
- beets tare da manyan tushen zagaye – 15-20 cm.
Shayar da rijiyoyin kuma jira ruwan ya jike ciki.
Shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ramuka, sanya tushen a ko’ina, ba tare da tanƙwara ba.
Shayar da tsire-tsire kuma.
Rufe dasa shuki tare da kayan rufewa na kwanaki 2-3 – har sai seedlings sun yi tushe.

Idan yanayi yana da zafi, shayar da shuka kowace rana. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi tushe, ana rage yawan shayarwa zuwa sau 1 a mako.

Lokacin girma beets ta amfani da hanyar seedling, ba dole ba ne ku magance bakin ciki da shuka.

Features na hunturu da kuma bazara shuka

Beetroot yana cikin amfanin gona da ake dasa duka a bazara da kuma kafin hunturu. Idan tsaba a amince da overwinter, to, zai yiwu a samu farkon beets ba tare da girma seedlings.

Subzimney shuka

A ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona na hunturu, ana fara shuka gwoza. Girbin beets hunturu yana girma makonni 2-3 a baya fiye da analogues da aka shuka a cikin bazara.

Siffofin shukar hunturu:

Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka shine kwanakin ƙarshe na Oktoba ko farkon Nuwamba, lokacin da ƙasa ta riga ta sanyaya.
Ko da dusar ƙanƙara ta riga ta faɗi, ana iya yin shuka. Babban yanayin shine ƙasa mai sanyi don kada tsaba suyi tsiro. Ya kamata su kumbura a cikin ƙasa kawai, ba.
Don shuka hunturu, zaɓi tsaba waɗanda ke da tsayayya da sanyi.
A cikin kaka, adadin tsaba da aka dasa ya kamata ya zama 20% fiye da lokacin bazara.
Mafi yawan duka, nau’ikan da ke da tsayayya ga furanni da bolting sun dace da shuka hunturu.
Domin seedlings su tsiro da wuri-wuri a cikin bazara, ana shuka tsaba a kan ridges. An yi zurfin zurfin 5-6 cm akan ginshiƙan da aka kafa.
Ana yayyafa tsaba da aka dage farawa a cikin furrows tare da cakuda substrate da humus. An rufe amfanin gona da takin.

spring shuka

Shuka bazara ya fi kowa a tsakanin masu lambu. Wannan shine mafi sauƙi kuma mafi nasara zaɓi don girma beets tebur, a zahiri ba shi da haɗari da abubuwan ban mamaki.

Fasalolin shukar bazara:

Kuna iya dasa tsaba a bushe, ba tare da jiƙa ba. Musamman idan an yi ruwan sama jim kaɗan kafin shuka kuma ƙasa ta kasance m.
Da sako-sako da kuma haske ƙasa, da zurfin da tsaba an dage farawa. Zurfin shuka a lokacin shukar bazara ya bambanta daga 2 zuwa 4 cm.

Kuna iya koyo game da rikice-rikice na dasa beets a cikin bidiyo mai zuwa:

Kula da beets a cikin filin bude

Beets shine amfanin gona mara fa’ida kuma mai jure fari wanda baya buƙatar kulawa sosai daga mai lambu. Amma don samun girbi mai kyau da inganci, yana da mahimmanci don samar da beets tare da kulawa mai kyau.

Yanayin zafi da yanayin haske

Beets amfanin gona ne mai son haske. Kyakkyawan haske ya zama dole a gare ta a duk lokacin girma.

Fasalolin yanayin haske:

Mafi kyawun lokacin hasken rana shine awanni 13-16 a rana.
Tare da raguwa a cikin sa’o’in hasken rana zuwa sa’o’i 10-11, beets suna dakatar da ci gaban amfanin gona na tushen, kawai sashin iska yana girma.

Yadda zafin jiki ke shafar beets:

Beets suna iya tsiro yayin da suke cikin ƙasa, yawan zafin jiki wanda shine kawai +3 … +5 ° C. Gaskiya ne, germination yana jinkirta, harbe na farko ya bayyana ne kawai a ranar 23-24th.
Mafi girman zafin jiki, da jimawa beets zai tashi. A zazzabi na + 20 … + 25 ° C, kayan lambu suna tsiro a cikin mako guda.
Idan lokacin germination na beets zafin jiki ya tashi sama da +25 ° C, seedlings na iya mutuwa.
Lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da ganye 3 ko fiye, za su iya jure yanayin zafi da tsayin daka.
Idan zafin jiki ya ragu da digiri da yawa daga mafi ƙarancin izini, ci gaban tushen amfanin gona ya tsaya, inganci da adadin amfanin gona yana raguwa.

The subtleties na watering

Beets suna da tsayayya da fari, amma wannan ingancin bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba, saboda rashin danshi na iya cutar da amfanin gona.

Siffofin watering beets:

Idan yanayi ya yi zafi kuma ya bushe, ana shayar da shuka…