Bordeaux beets – yalwa a cikin lambun

Bordeaux shine nau’in beets mai daɗi mara fa’ida kuma mai fa’ida. Al’adar tana girma da yawa kuma cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin yanayin bushe, yanayin dumi da rashin tsawan lokaci da ruwan sama, yana ba da ‘ya’yan itace da kyawawan kayan amfanin gona na burgundy don dalilai na tebur. Ana iya cinye su nan da nan ko kuma a adana su har sai kakar wasa ta gaba.

Beet Bordeaux

Beet Bordeaux yana da launi mai yawa

Bordeaux beets suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ɗanɗano

Bayanin nau’in gwoza na Bordeaux

A cikin 1937, masu shayarwa na gida sun sami damar haifar da beets burgundy don noma a cikin yankunan kudu. Yanzu an gabatar da shi a cikin nau’i biyu:

• Bordeaux 237. Asalin iri-iri na kayan lambu. An haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha na nasarorin kiwo na Tarayyar Rasha a cikin 1943 bisa buƙatar Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Tarayya don Girman Kayan lambu.
  
• Bordeaux iri ɗaya ne. Yana da “zuriyar” iri-iri da suka gabata kuma masu shayarwa suka haifa a 2003. Babban bambancin da ke tsakanin su shine cewa amfanin gona na iri daya ba ya buƙatar ɓacin rai na farko, tun da tsire-tsire daya ne kawai ake samu daga kowace iri.
  

Halayen nau’ikan nau’ikan beets Bordeaux guda biyu ana iya samun su a cikin tebur:

Siffar Siffar Lokacin Ripening Bordeaux 237 shine tsakiyar farkon iri-iri wanda ke girma a cikin kwanaki 80-95 a cikin yanayin dumi da kwanaki 110-115 a cikin yanayi mai sanyi. Bordeaux iri ɗaya shine sigar sa ta farko, don haka lokacin girma kafin girbi yana kan matsakaicin kwanaki 60-65. Yankunan noma Wannan nau’in gwoza yana da tsayayya da zafi, don haka yana girma sosai a cikin gonaki da lambuna a lokacin zafi, tsawon lokacin rani. A wannan batun, yana da kyau a noma shi a cikin yankuna masu dumi na Rasha, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova da sauran ƙasashen CIS.

A halin yanzu, ana iya samun girbi mai kyau a yankin tsakiyar Tarayyar Rasha, inda akwai yanayin yanayi na yanayi. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, Bordeaux zai jure wa ɗan gajeren fari, sanyi da canjin zafin jiki.

Leaf Rosette Itacen yana tsiro a cikin daji mai yawa tare da ruwan hoda mai duhu ko burgundy dogayen petioles. Socket leaf ya juya ya zama madaidaiciya da matsakaici a girman, amma a lokaci guda yana kama da m. Ganyen da kansu suna da faɗi, m kuma tare da ƙwanƙwasa. A tsawon, sun kai 35-40 cm.

Farantin ganye yana da haske mai haske da ɗan ƙaramin kumfa, launin kore mai duhu, wanda aka diluted tare da fursunoni ja, masu launin anthocyanins.

Ganyen shuka suna cin abinci. Ana iya tattara su yayin da suke girma. Matasa ganye suna da dandano mafi kyau.

Tushen amfanin gona Bordeaux 237 yana ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da manyan kayan amfanin gona masu nauyin nauyin 250-500 g, amma iri ɗaya na Bordeaux zai farantawa tare da ƙananan kawuna masu nauyin 150-230 g. In ba haka ba, waɗannan nau’ikan ba su bambanta ba kuma tushen amfanin gonakin su tare da bakin ciki, ƙananan tushen ana iya gane su ta hanyar sigogi masu zuwa:

• tsari – zagaye, dan kadan mai laushi;
• diamita – daga 12 zuwa 15 cm;
• fata – m da na roba tare da duhu ja matte gama;
• nama – m, m da m, tare da babban abun ciki na sukari da kuma tsananin burgundy launi, wanda ba ya canzawa bayan zafi magani;
• sashe – uniform, ja mai haske tare da ƙarar ƙararrawa da kyar.

Mafi ƙanƙanta tushen amfanin gona, waɗanda aka kafa a tsakiyar da ƙarshen Yuli, suma sun dace da cin abinci. Ana iya amfani da su don dafa kowane jita-jita da kuma dafa. Boiled beets ba kawai riƙe da arziki launi, amma kuma m juiciness na ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Tsaba Tsabar Beet suna da girma (2-4 mm), suna da siffar polyhedron kuma suna da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Ana lulluɓe su a cikin busasshen akwati, kuma an rufe saman su da kogo. Ana iya shirya iri da kansa ko kuma a saya a kantin kayan lambu. A matsayin ma’auni, ba za a iya adana kayan dasa ba fiye da shekaru 2. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin yanayi. Sanyi, lokacin bazara tare da ƙananan yanayin zafi zai rage jinkirin samuwar tushen amfanin gona. A matsakaita, daga 1 sq. m gadaje sarrafa don samun daga 4 zuwa 8 kg na tushen amfanin gona binne har zuwa rabi a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin girma akan sikelin masana’antu, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana daga ton 70 zuwa 90 a kowace ha. Wani fasali na wannan gwoza shine cewa a cikin yankunan kudancin yana iya samar da amfanin gona sau da yawa a shekara. Tsayawa mai inganci Saboda ƙarancin fata, ana iya adana amfanin gona na tushen har tsawon watanni 6 ko fiye. Ana iya jigilar su ba tare da haɗarin asarar halayen kasuwanci ba. Juriya na cuta Bordeaux beets suna da rashin juriya ga peronosporosis da cercosporosis.

Sharuɗɗan shuka

Lokacin shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ana iya aiwatar da aikin a lokuta daban-daban na shekara:

• A cikin bazara. Don samun farkon girbi, a cikin yankunan kudu, ana iya yin shuka daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa + 9-10 ° C da rana. Mafi kyawun yanayin iska ba ƙasa da +5 ° C ba. Tare da wannan shuka, tushen zai dace da girbi a watan Yuli.
  Idan an shirya kayan lambu don dage farawa don ajiya na dogon lokaci, yana da kyau a shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Mayu. Cikakken beets za a iya samu a watan Agusta.
• Lettom. Don mafi kyawun adana tushen amfanin gona, ana iya shuka iri a watan Yuni. Ana iya girbe su a cikin kaka.
• A cikin kaka (shuka na hunturu). Ana iya shuka beets na Bordeaux kafin hunturu don samun girbi na farko, kodayake tushen amfanin gona ba zai sami ingancin kiyayewa ba. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka shine a watan Oktoba ko farkon Nuwamba kafin sanyi kuma a yanayin zafin ƙasa aƙalla -5 ° C. Irin wannan saukowa ya kamata a mulched da allura da sawdust.

Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don haɓaka aikin gwoza shine + 22 ° C, kodayake tsire-tsire na iya jure yanayin zafi na ɗan lokaci ƙasa da -2 ° C. A yanayin yanayin sanyi mai tsawo, za su daina girma kuma su mutu.

Baya ga shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, ana iya shuka beets Bordeaux a cikin seedlings. Zai ba ku damar samun girbi a baya, kodayake tushen amfanin gona ba zai dace da ajiya ba har sai kakar wasa ta gaba.

A cikin greenhouse, ana iya shuka tsaba don seedlings a tsakiyar Maris, kuma a cikin greenhouses a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu. A watan Mayu, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa +10 ° C, ana iya dasa sprouts zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Zaɓin wurin da shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Bordeaux beets suna neman wurin noma, don haka lokacin zabar shi, yakamata kuyi la’akari da waɗannan ka’idoji:

• Yankin da za a shuka ya kamata ya haskaka da dumi da hasken rana, tun da rabin kayan lambu, lokacin da ya girma, yana sama da ƙasa kuma yana buƙatar zafi don haɓakawa da samun abun ciki na sukari. Shading da zane ba su da karbuwa.
• Ruwan ƙasa mai zurfi da ake so.
• A wuri guda, ana iya shuka kayan lambu ba fiye da yanayi 4 a jere ba. Ba za a iya dasa shi ba bayan wasu nau’ikan beets da kabeji, amma magabata masu kyau sune:
  • dankali;
  • tumatir;
  • kokwamba.
• Ƙasa ya kamata ya zama mai laushi da sako-sako tare da zurfin rabe mai zurfi. Acidity na ƙasa yana da sauƙi ko tsaka tsaki, in ba haka ba tushen zai zama ƙarami da fibrous.

Dole ne a shirya makirci tare da sigogi masu dacewa don beets a gaba, bin waɗannan umarnin:

1. A cikin kaka, a watsar da humus daga takin saniya ko takin bara a saman wurin. Hakanan za’a iya zubawa tare da maganin zubar da tsuntsaye (1:20) da tokar itace da aka kara a cikin adadin kofuna 3 a kowace murabba’in 1. Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin Nitrogen a cikin ƙananan yawa kawai, tun da tushen gwoza yakan tara nitrates. Bayan yin su, tono wurin a kan bayonet na shebur.
2. A cikin bazara, yi amfani da takin ma’adinai masu rikitarwa. Yawancin beets suna amsawa ga potassium chloride da superphosphate. Idan kana so ka rage acidity na ƙasa, kuma ƙara dolomite gari.
3. Bayan yin haka, samar da gadaje masu tsayi ko matsakaici a cikin yankin. ƙwararrun masu noman kayan lambu kuma suna shuka beets na Bordeaux a cikin tudun ƙasa.

sarrafa kayan shuka

Kafin shuka, dole ne a bi da tsaba tare da magani mai zuwa:

1. Tsara, barin daidai da manyan kwafi daga cikinsu.
2. A jiƙa a cikin wani rauni mai rauni na manganese na ƴan mintuna don lalata da kurkura a ƙarƙashin ruwan gudu. Don haɓaka juriya ga cercosporosis, yakamata a bi da tsaba tare da Agat-25K. Kamuwa da cuta tare da maganin maganin Apron zai kare shuka nan gaba daga mildew.
3. Don haɓaka girma, tsoma tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 12-24 a cikin ruwan dumi, a cikin abin da fara ƙara ɗan tsunkule na soda da 1 tsp kowane. ash, boric acid da superphosphate.

Kafin shuka, wasu masu lambu kuma suna shuka tsaba na gwoza, amma wannan ma’auni ya fi dacewa idan an shuka su don shuka, saboda zai taimaka musu suyi sauri.

Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa

Tare da zuwan mafi kyawun lokaci, kuna buƙatar fara shuka iri, bin umarnin da ke gaba:

1. Tona furrows a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi 3-4 cm a nesa na 6-8 cm. Idan ana shirin aiwatar da shuka a cikin layuka, kiyaye kusan 25-30 a tsakanin su don kar a dasa shukar kuma ba kowane daji da adadin haske mai dacewa.
2. Zuba humus a cikin ramukan da aka shirya don ciyar da tushen amfanin gona da ash don rage acidity na ƙasa. Ana iya tsallake irin wannan magudi idan akwai kyakkyawan shiri na gadaje.
3. Shuka tsaba, yayyafa su da ƙasa ta hanyar 3-4 cm kuma zuba ruwa daga gwangwani. Mafi kyawun amfani da su shine 7-10 g da 1 sq. m.

Gogaggen lambu sun fi son shuka Bordeaux tare da gefuna na gadaje, wanda ke ba da damar ƙarin amfani da tattalin arziki na sararin samaniya a shafin. Kyakkyawan makwabta na beets za su kasance:

• tumatir;
• kokwamba;
• tafarnuwa;
• salatin;
• radish.

Wadannan amfanin gona ba sa zalunci juna, don haka amfanin su zai kasance a matakin mafi girma.

Siffofin dasa shuki ta hanyar seedlings

Idan an yanke shawarar shuka beets a cikin seedlings, da farko, kuna buƙatar girma seedlings masu ƙarfi, wanda za’a iya yin shi a cikin katantanwa ko kwantena na yau da kullun tare da cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki. A cikin lokacin seedling, yana da kyawawa don bi da al’ada tare da fungicide Rovral Aquaflo don hana cercosporosis.

Bayan makonni 4-5, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi ƙarfi kuma suka sami ganye na gaskiya da yawa, ana iya dasa su tare da clod na ƙasa a cikin ramukan da aka shirya a gaba bisa ga tsarin da ke sama. Kuna buƙatar yin aiki a hankali don kada ku lalata tushensu masu laushi, in ba haka ba zai yi mummunan tasiri akan samuwar amfanin gona.

Lokacin saukowa na farko ya kamata a shaded don su dace da sauri zuwa sababbin yanayi. A cikin yanayin sanyi, kuna buƙatar rufe seedlings tare da spunbond.

kula da saukowa

Babu wani hali da ya kamata a yi hawan beets, saboda wannan zai hana tushen amfanin gona samun adadin zafin rana. Duk da haka, akwai matakan agrotechnical da dama waɗanda suka zama tilas.

Ruwa

Bordeaux beets suna son danshi, don haka kuna buƙatar tsara ingantaccen shayarwar amfanin gona bisa ga makirci mai zuwa:

1. Ruwa da yawa a farkon lokacin girma, ta amfani da hanyar yayyafa, drip ban ruwa ko basal jikewa tare da danshi. Ana iya yin wannan taron sau 1-2 a mako a bushe da yanayin zafi. A kwanakin damina, yana da kyau a jinkirta watering.
2. A cikin lokacin bushewa, ana shayar da layin yau da kullun ko sau ɗaya a kowane kwana biyu don hana ƙasa bushewa, in ba haka ba hakan zai haifar da mutuwar shukar iri ko fashe tushen amfanin gona.
3. Daga lokacin da shugabannin suka samar, rage yawan shayarwa zuwa lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 10-14.
4. A farkon da ƙarshen lokacin rani, shayar da beets tare da saline don tushen ya zama mai dadi kuma ana iya adana shi har sai kakar wasa ta gaba. Don shirya shi, ya isa ya tsoma 10 g na gishiri gishiri a cikin lita 30 na ruwa. Idan za ta yiwu, zaka iya amfani da sodium nitrate (50 g da lita 10 na ruwa).
5. Makonni 3-4 kafin girbi da ake sa ran, gaba daya katse shayarwar amfanin gona, in ba haka ba ‘ya’yan itatuwa za su zama ruwa.

Bakin ciki

Lokacin dasa shuki beets tare da tsaba a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar fitar da sprouts mai ƙarfi akai-akai. Zai fi kyau a yi haka a cikin lokacin fruiting. Tsire-tsire masu rauni suna buƙatar cirewa, kuma yakamata a bar bushes masu ƙarfi akan gadaje, kiyaye tazara daidai tsakanin su aƙalla tsawon 15-25 cm.

Maganin ƙasa

Bayan shayarwa ko ruwan sama, dole ne a kwance gado a hankali tare da cokali mai yatsa don samar da tushen amfanin gona da isasshen iskar oxygen. A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar shuka ciyawa, in ba haka ba zai tsotse abubuwan gina jiki da yawa daga ƙasa don lalata beets.

Ciyarwa

Idan kun ciyar da al’adun da kyau, to, a ƙarshen lokacin girma zaku iya samun manyan amfanin gona na tushen tare da m, m da matsakaici mai daɗi …