Ta yaya kuma lokacin da za a ciyar da kabewa don girbi mai kyau?

Kabewa yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa idan girma. Don samun nasarar noman sa, ana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi, kuma ƙari yana buƙatar amfani da suturar saman. Don haka, ana amfani da takin zamani daban-daban, kowannensu yana taka rawa.

Me yasa kuke buƙatar ciyar da kabewa?

Takin kabewa na da matukar muhimmanci. Suna bayar da:

• inganta abun da ke ciki na ƙasa;
• kyakkyawan haɓaka da haɓaka al’adu;
• samuwar ovaries;
• yawan nauyin ‘ya’yan itace;
• karfafa ‘ya’yan itace ripening;
• inganta dandano na al’ada;
• girbi mai kyau;
• rage haɗarin cututtuka da kwari.

Tsawon lokacin aikace-aikacen taki

Yawan aikace-aikacen taki don kabewa ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Wajibi ne a yi la’akari da dalilai masu yawa: yawan amfanin ƙasa, nau’in kabewa, hanyar dasa shi, bayyanar shuke-shuke. Bisa ga wannan:

• idan ƙasar ta kasance m, to 3-4 riguna sun isa;
• a kan ƙasa mai lalacewa, ana amfani da takin mai magani har sau 7-10 a kowace kakar;
• iri tare da dogon lashes suna buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, sabili da haka, ana ciyar da abinci sau da yawa;
• lokacin dasa shuki tsaba na kabewa a karon farko, ana ciyar da shi tare da ganye na gaskiya 5, na gaba – bayan an gama fure;
• Lokacin dasa shuki, ana buƙatar ƙarin sutura: na farko – makonni 1,5 bayan germination, na biyu – mako guda kafin dasawa zuwa gonar, na uku – makonni 2 bayansa, na huɗu – a farkon samuwar lashes;
• al’ada tare da bayyanarsa na iya nuna rashi ko wuce haddi na takin mai magani – ya kamata a duba shuka akai-akai.

Mafi kyawun lokacin tufafi kuma ya dogara da nau’in takin da aka yi amfani da shi.

Hanyoyin taki kabewa

Ana iya amfani da abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyoyi biyu: tushen ko foliar.

Tushen

Wannan zaɓi ya haɗa da yin amfani da taki a ƙarƙashin tushen. Suna yin ta ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

• Shayar da amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin tushen tare da narkar da taki. Dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire da ruwa mai tsabta don guje wa konewar tushen.
• Shafar taki ga furrows. A karo na farko ya kamata a zurfafa su da 6-8 cm 15-20 cm daga shuka, a karo na biyu kuna buƙatar kula da zurfin da nisa daga bushes na 10-12 cm.

Foliar

Irin wannan suturar saman ta ƙunshi fesa amfanin gona. A lokaci guda kuma, ya kamata a rage yawan taki idan aka kwatanta da hanyar tushen. Tufafin da aka tattara sosai zai haifar da konewar ganye.

Tufafin saman kabewa yana da kyau a yi lokacin fari mai tsanani don tabbatar da ci gaban amfanin gona na yau da kullun. Har ila yau, suna da tasiri a cikin furanni da kuma ‘ya’yan itace.

Tufafin saman foliar yana da kyau a yi da yamma ko safiya. A wannan yanayin, ganye za su sami lokaci don ɗaukar taki gaba ɗaya. Idan an gudanar da suturar sama a cikin sa’o’i na rana, to abubuwan za su ƙafe kuma su zama marasa amfani.

Nau’in suturar saman don kabewa

Akwai nau’o’in takin mai magani da yawa dangane da sinadaransu.

Ma’adinai taki

Ana kiransu takin ma’adinai saboda suna dauke da gishirin ma’adinai iri-iri. Dangane da adadin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin abun da ke ciki, suna da sauƙi da rikitarwa. Na farko zai iya zama nitrogen, phosphorus ko potassium, kuma na biyu – hadaddun ko gauraye.

Takin ma’adinai na taka muhimmiyar rawa:

• tabbatar da ci gaban aiki na al’adu;
• shiga cikin photosynthesis;
• tsarin ma’auni na ruwa;
• karuwa a cikin sukari a cikin abun da ke ciki;
• yawan nauyin ‘ya’yan itace;
• karuwa a yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Ma’adanai suna da mahimmanci don shuka kabewa, amma dole ne a yi amfani da su cikin hikima. Yawan taki yana da illa ga amfanin gona.

Idan kuna amfani da ma’adanai kawai, to ana amfani da su sau uku a kowace kakar:

1. A mataki na samuwar biyu gaskiya zanen gado. Don ciyarwar farko, ammophoska ko urea sun dace sosai. Isasshen 15 g na abu (matchbox) a kowace guga na ruwa. An tsara wannan adadin don bushes 20.
2. A lokacin flowering. Ana ba da shawarar hadadden abun da ke ciki: narke 20 g na potassium sulfate da superphosphate da 10 g na ammofoska a cikin guga na ruwa. An tsara wannan adadin don bushes 10, ana shayar da su a ƙarƙashin tushen.
3. A lokacin ‘ya’yan itace, lokacin da girman ‘ya’yan itace ya yi daidai da ƙananan apples. Don kayan ado na uku, yana da kyau a yi amfani da superphosphate da potassium sulfate. Guga na ruwa zai buƙaci 15 g na abubuwa biyu.

Hakanan ana amfani da Urea a lokacin bushewa tare da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Gudanar da ciyarwar foliar. Don yin wannan, narke 10-15 g na taki a cikin guga na ruwa, nace na rabin sa’a kuma fesa shuka.

Wani zaɓi don ciyar da foliar shine 15 g na potassium gishiri, 30 g na ammonium sulfate da 40 g na superphosphate da guga na ruwa. Ana amfani da maganin don fesa, mai tasiri bayan mummunan yanayi.

Organic taki

Takin gargajiya sune takin gargajiya bisa tushen shuka da dabba. Wannan ya shafi taki, takin, peat, koren takin mai magani. Lokacin da suka lalace, ana samun ma’adanai.

Aiwatar da takin gargajiya don kabewa a matakai daban-daban yana warware ayyuka masu zuwa:

• shiga cikin photosynthesis;
• tasiri mai kyau akan ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki;
• inganta haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani waɗanda ke ba da tushen tsarin tare da abubuwan gina jiki.

Matakan yin amfani da takin gargajiya:

1. A lokacin shuka. A wannan mataki, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da toka na itace. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi kai tsaye a cikin rijiyoyin, 50-100 g na taki ga kowane shuka ya isa. Bayan kana buƙatar shayar da gadon da ruwan dumi.
2. A cikin rabi na biyu na kakar girma. Ana amfani da ash azaman suturar saman ruwa. Guga na ruwa zai buƙaci 100 g na taki. Yi amfani da sauri don shayarwa, ba tare da jiran barbashi don daidaitawa ba.
3. Kafin flowering Kuna iya ciyar da al’ada tare da abun da ke ciki na 10 sassa na ruwa, 1 part na taki da 2 gilashin ash. Aiwatar da sakamakon cakuda a ƙarƙashin tushen.
4. Lokacin flowering da fruiting kabewa mai kyau jiko na mullein. Dole ne a shirya shi a gaba. Don yin wannan, zuba mullein tare da ruwan dumi, wanda ya kamata ya zama sau 5 fiye da taki. Sanya taki na tsawon makonni 2, yana motsawa lokaci-lokaci. Don babban sutura, tsoma jiko a cikin sassa 10 na ruwa. Ruwa da kabewa a ƙarƙashin tushen, ciyar da 1-2 lita na cakuda kowace daji. Kula da tazara na makonni 2-3 tsakanin manyan sutura.
5. Lokacin tono gadaje. A wannan mataki, ana amfani da mullein kuma. Fresh taki ya dace da kabewa kawai a cikin kaka, ana amfani da taki mai lalacewa a cikin kaka ko bazara. A cikin akwati na farko, kuna buƙatar kilogiram 4 na taki da 1 sq. m, a cikin na biyu – sau goma ƙasa. Wani zaɓi na takin gargajiya shine taki kaji. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a shirya jiko daga gare ta, diluting shi a cikin sassa 20 na ruwa. Infuse don makonni 1,5, motsawa lokaci-lokaci. Zubar da gado, kiyaye nesa da bushes, saboda taki na iya haifar da ƙonewar tushen.

Ba za ku iya amfani da takin gargajiya kawai ba, in ba haka ba za a sami wuce haddi na nitrogen da rashi na potassium, wanda zai haifar da haɗarin cututtukan fungal ga amfanin gona.

Hadadden takin mai magani

Irin waɗannan takin suna nuna cakuda abubuwan gina jiki daban-daban. Abubuwan da ke tattare da su sun daidaita, don haka ya isa ya ƙididdige adadin adadin amfanin gona na musamman da yankin dasa.

Daga cikin hadaddun riguna don kabewa, mafi inganci da shahara tsakanin masu lambu sune:

• Nitrofosca. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi a cikin busassun nau’i a farkon samuwar ganye na farko. 10 g na taki ya isa shuka ɗaya. Kuna buƙatar watsawa, sannan ku zuba ruwa akan gado.
• Azofosca. Hadadden takin ma’adinai wanda za’a iya amfani dashi don bushewa da suturar ruwa. Dry don 1 sq. m yana ba da gudummawar 30-40 g na abu, don suturar saman ruwa a cikin guga na ruwa, tsarma 20-30 g na samfurin.
• Kemira. Akwai nau’ikan taki daban-daban, don kabewa zaka iya amfani da Kemira Universal. Abubuwan da ke tattare da takin yana wakiltar nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, selenium da sauran abubuwa. Ana iya amfani dashi don aikace-aikacen tushen da foliar. A cikin zaɓi na farko, wajibi ne a narkar da 20 g na taki a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, a cikin na biyu, rabin maida hankali. Maimaita maganin kowane mako biyu. Yin fesa tare da irin wannan taki ya fi dacewa a lokacin fure da ‘ya’yan itace.
• Oracle. Guga na ruwa yana buƙatar 5 ml na abun da aka haɗa da yawa. Ana yin babban sutura sau uku – a mataki na 3-5 ganye na gaskiya, tare da haɓaka aiki, tare da samuwar ovaries. Tsakanin jiyya ya kamata ya ɗauki akalla makonni 1,5-2.

Maganin jama’a

Don miya kabewa, yawancin lambu sun yi nasarar amfani da magungunan jama’a. Ba su da tasiri fiye da takin mai magani daga kantin sayar da.

A lokacin flowering da fruiting na pumpkins, yana da tasiri don yin takin mai zuwa:

• Ƙara 150 g na granulated sukari da 100 g na danyen yisti a cikin guga na ruwan dumi, motsawa har sai ya narke gaba daya, nace a cikin zafi na kwanaki 5. Ƙara kofuna 4 na tokar itace da lita 10 na ruwa. Ruwa da kabewa a ƙarƙashin tushen, ga kowane shuka 1 lita na bayani.
• Ƙara 10 ml na ammonia zuwa lita 1 na ruwa, haɗuwa. Ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushen, ga kowane daji gilashin kuɗi.
• Cika ganga da rabi tare da ciyawa (zai fi dacewa nettle), ƙara gungun busassun ciyawa, felu na ƙasa, cika sauran ƙarar da ruwa da haɗuwa. Sanya na tsawon kwanaki 5 a ƙarƙashin fim ko murfi, yana motsa abun da ke ciki kowace rana. A tsoma shi a cikin ruwa guda 10 kuma a shayar da ramuka 1 lita kowace daji.

Cin abinci mai kyau na kabewa yana ba ku damar cimma burin da yawa: an inganta tsarin sinadaran ƙasa, amfanin gona yana karɓar abubuwan da suka dace don ci gaba mai kyau da ci gaba. Tare da hadi mai dacewa, kabewa zai farantawa da girbi mai kyau da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa.