Mazauna rani suna zaɓar kabewa na Vitaminnaya don yawan amfanin ƙasa, kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka da yawa da dandano mai kyau. Abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da ɗaya daga cikin nau’in kabewa mafi dadi da dadi don shuka shi daidai da samun girbi mai kyau, za mu kara ganowa.
Vitamin kabewa yana jure wa cututtuka da yawa
Kabewa Vitamin
Kabewa Vitaminnaya yana da kyau adana da kuma hawa
Bayani da halaye na iri-iri
An haife iri-iri a Cibiyar Bincike ta Krasnodar na Kayan lambu da Noman Dankali. A cikin 1992, an yarda da shi don amfani a yankin Arewacin Caucasus. Ana kiran wannan kabewa Vitamin ba kwatsam ba, amma saboda karuwar abun ciki na abubuwa masu amfani a cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa. An gabatar da halayensa a cikin tebur:
Siffar Siffar Bambance-bambancen alaƙa Vitamin kabewa na cikin rukunin muscat gourds, sabili da haka, ya bambanta da ‘ya’yan itacen wasu nau’ikan duka a cikin ƙamshin nutmeg mai ban sha’awa kuma a cikin siffar elongated a cikin nau’in silinda ko pear. Lokacin ripening Iri-iri-iri ne marigayi-ripening – daga lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa har zuwa cikar ‘ya’yan itatuwa, kimanin kwanaki 124-130 sun wuce (akalla watanni 5). A saboda wannan dalili, iri-iri da wuya ana girma a cikin yankuna da yanayin sanyi. Halayen shukar shuka mai matsakaicin ƙarfi tana da bulala har tsawon mita 6. An kafa ‘ya’yan itatuwa a kansu, a matsayin mai mulkin, 2-3 guda. Ganyen launin toka-kore ana bambanta su da siffar pentagonal mai kama da zuciya. A cikin yankin na veins, an rufe su da ƙananan fararen gashi. Ana gudanar da kowane ganye a kan dogon petiole (har zuwa 25 cm). Furannin rawaya suna da girma kuma ana riƙe su akan dogayen kututture. Saboda launin launi da ƙamshi, suna jawo hankalin kudan zuma da sauran kwari masu shiga cikin aikin pollination. Halayen waje na ‘ya’yan itacen Kabewa Vitamin a matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 4,5-6,8. Yana da siffa mai faɗin oval ko cylindrical elongated. A peduncle, wanda zai iya kaiwa rabin ‘ya’yan itace, ribbing yana bayyane. Fata yana da bakin ciki, amma mai yawa, don haka ‘ya’yan itace yana da sauƙi don jigilar kaya kuma baya buƙatar yanayin ajiya na musamman. Yana da launin ruwan hoda mai duhu tare da ɗan ruwan lemu ko launin ruwan kasa da fili mai yanki. Yana nuna koren duhu da koren babban raga, da kuma ƙananan wurare masu zagaye da tsayi waɗanda ke da inuwa mai sauƙi. Halaye da ɗanɗanon ɓangaren litattafan almara Kullun yana da wadataccen launi na orange mai haske (kusa da ja) da kauri daga 5 zuwa 10 cm. Yana da m da fibrous, m da kintsattse, kuma mafi mahimmanci – yana da ƙanshi mai haske da dandano mai dadi. Gidan iri ƙanana ne kuma gaba ɗaya cike da ɓangarorin placenta. Tsaba a cikin ƙaramin adadin suna da datti mai launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa. Amfanin ‘ya’yan itatuwa da amfani da su Tsarin wannan kabewa yana da babban abun ciki na gina jiki. Musamman, ya ƙunshi 11,5-16,0 MG na carotene. Godiya ga wannan, kayan lambu suna da sakamako masu kyau a jikin mutum – yana inganta gani, yana ƙarfafa gabobin narkewa, yana hanzarta warkar da raunuka, yana kawar da kumburi. Kabewa tare da irin waɗannan halaye ana iya haɗa su cikin aminci a cikin duka abinci na jarirai da abinci. Hanyoyin amfani – sabo ne ko sarrafawa (an shirya dankali, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, pastries da sauran jita-jita daga ɓangaren litattafan almara). Abubuwan Haɓaka Abubuwan Haɓakawa suna da girma – daga murabba’in 1. m mãkirci, za ka iya tattara game da 3,7-4,4 kg ‘ya’yan itace. Juriya na cuta Itacen yana da ɗanɗano mai juriya ga cututtukan kankana na yau da kullun – mildew powdery da marigayi blight. Don hana shi, yana da daraja ciyar da shi tare da ma’aunin ma’adinai masu ma’ana yayin lokacin girma, fure da ‘ya’yan itace.
A taƙaice game da halaye na bitamin kabewa an bayyana shi a cikin bidiyo mai zuwa:
Hanyoyin saukarwa da kwanakin
Vitamin kabewa yana nufin tsire-tsire masu son zafi sosai, waɗanda canjin zafin jiki ke cike da faɗuwar ganye, baƙar fata da mutuwa. A wannan batun, yana da kyau don girma seedlings na kabewa. Shuka kai tsaye a cikin buɗe ƙasa yana halatta kawai ga mazauna yankunan kudancin, inda za’a iya girbe amfanin gona a tsakiyar kaka kuma kada ku ji tsoron sanyi.
Lokacin da aka girma daga tsaba, lokacin bazara yana jinkirta, don haka lokacin dumi ba zai isa ba don ci gaban aiki na amfanin gona.
A kowane hali, a lokacin dasa shuki, yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance aƙalla + 13 ° C, in ba haka ba tushen taushi zai mutu a cikin yanayi mai sanyi. Wannan zai zama shaida ta ganyayen da suka bushe da tabo masu duhu.
Lokacin dasa shuki ya dogara da hanyar noma:
- Ta hanyar seedlings. Wajibi ne a shuka tsaba a watan Afrilu, don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe a watan Mayu-Yuni. A lokaci guda, zafin jiki a kan ma’aunin zafi da sanyio ya kamata ya kasance barga aƙalla 20 ° C.
- Kai tsaye shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Ana iya aiwatar da aikin shuka a ƙarshen Mayu – a farkon watan Yuni, lokacin da za a rage haɗarin sanyi mara gayyata. Don ƙayyade mafi kyawun lokacin shuka tsaba, zaku iya kewaya ta alamun jama’a. Sun ce ana iya dasa kabewa tare da farkon flowering na viburnum da peonies.
Vitamin na kabewa tare da kowane hanyar noma ya fi son yashi, yashi mai yashi da ƙasa mai laushi mai haske.
Shuka ta hanyar seedlings
Tare da noman seedling na kabewa, yuwuwar samun girbi mai yawa ya fi girma tare da shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, duk da haka, wannan hanyar ita ma ta fi ƙwazo, don haka yana da kyau a raba shi cikin yanayi da yawa.
Shirye-shiryen iri
Ana aiwatar da irin wannan sarrafa nau’in girbi da kanshi ko siyan iri kamar haka:
- Dumi sama. Ya kamata a shimfiɗa iri a cikin wani bakin ciki mai laushi a kan pallet kuma a ajiye shi tsawon watanni 1-2 a wuri mai dumi, alal misali, kusa da murhu. Irin wannan magudi zai ba da damar shuka don samar da furanni mata masu yawa, wanda zai tasiri tasirin amfanin gona.
- Gwaji don germination. Bayan dumama, dole ne a jiƙa tsaba a cikin gishiri. Wadannan samfurori da suka fito dole ne a kama su kuma a shafe su, tun da ba su da komai kuma ba za su haifar da wani harbe ba. Ana iya amfani da tsaba da aka bari a ƙasa don ƙarin sarrafawa.
- Taurare. Domin tsire-tsire na gaba su iya jure wa yanayin zafi, suna buƙatar taurara. Don wannan dalili, zaɓaɓɓun samfuran za a buƙaci a nannade su a cikin wani ɗan yatsa kuma a ajiye su na tsawon kwanaki 3 a cikin firiji.
- disinfection. Ana yin shi ne don kare shuka na gaba daga mamayewar kwari. Don yin wannan, ya kamata a jiƙa tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 10-12 a cikin ruwa mai dumi tare da ƙara ƙaramin adadin potassium permanganate ko ruwan ‘ya’yan Aloe.
Seeding ga seedlings
A farkon watan Mayu, zaku iya shuka tsaba don seedlings. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar shirya tukwane daban-daban na peat, tunda al’adar ba ta yarda da ɗauka ba. Domin tushen tsarin shuka ya ci gaba sosai, kwantena don dasa dole ne su kasance da ɗaki kuma suna da diamita na akalla 10 cm.
Ana yin shuka iri ta wannan tsari:
- Cika tukwane da ƙasa mai gina jiki.
- Yi indentations a cikin tukwane na 2 cm kuma sanya tsaba 1-2 a cikinsu.
- Sauƙaƙa yayyafa ramukan da ƙasa, sannan ku zuba shi daga kwalban feshi don ɗan ɗan jiƙa.
- Rufe shuke-shuke da filastik kunsa don yin karamin-greenhouse.
- Matsar da kwantena zuwa wurin rana kuma a buɗe fim ɗin akai-akai don samun iska. Tare da zuwan harbe na farko, ana iya cire shi gaba daya. Bugu da ƙari, wajibi ne a ci gaba da kula da danshi na ƙasa, yayin da yake guje wa yawan danshi.
Tare da aikin noma da ya dace, kabewar za ta tsiro da sauri, kuma ana iya dasa shi cikin ƙasa buɗe a farkon watan Yuni. A wannan lokacin, shuka ya kamata ya riga ya sami ganye 3.
Dasawa a cikin bude ƙasa
Shuka ba ya jure wa ƙasa acidic, don haka kuna buƙatar daidaita acidity ɗin sa bayan ƙara Organic tare da ash na itace. Ya isa a watsar da shi a kan gadaje ko shirya wani bayani don ban ruwa ƙasa (cokali 2 a kowace lita 1 na ruwa). Tun daga kaka, ya kamata kuma a yi takin wurin. Wani zaɓi shine shuka koren taki.
A cikin gadon lambun da aka shirya da kyau, yana da daraja dasa shuki seedlings, bin umarnin da ke gaba:
- Tono gadon, share tarkace da tarkacen shuka.
- Karya duwatsun ƙasa.
- Tono ƙananan ramuka 10 cm zurfi a nesa na 60-100 cm daga juna. Kada ku ƙyale tsire-tsire masu kauri sosai, saboda saboda wannan, manyan ganyen shuka ba za su iya bazuwa cikin ƙarfi ba.
- Cika ramukan da aka haƙa da ruwan zafi (ba ƙasa da 50 ° C) a cikin adadin lita 2 a kowace rami, idan yanayin ya bushe.
- Shuka kara guda ɗaya a cikin kowane rami kuma a yayyafa shi da ƙasa, gaba ɗaya rufe tushen abin wuya.
- Dasa ciyawa tare da taki ko peat. Idan akwai barazanar sanyi na dare, saukowa ya kamata a rufe shi na ɗan lokaci tare da fim mai haske.
Shuka kai tsaye cikin ƙasa
A cikin yankunan kudu, ana iya shuka wannan amfanin gona mai son zafi ta hanyar shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar bin ƙa’idodi masu zuwa:
- Don samun girbi mai kyau, wajibi ne a shirya wurin a gaba, kula da duk takin mai magani. Don 1 sq. m zai buƙaci gabatar da 6-8 kg na humus. Akwai hanya mafi sauƙi – kafin dasa shuki, shimfiɗa hannun humus a kowace rijiya.
- Shirya ramukan a cikin layuka bisa ga tsarin 60 × 60 cm.
- Mafi kyawun zurfin ramukan shine kusan 10 cm. Ya kamata a sanya tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowannensu, sannan a yayyafa shi da ƙasa.
- Ciki ramukan tare da peat a saman.
kula da kabewa
Ya ƙunshi aiwatar da hadaddun matakan agrotechnical, kowannensu yana buƙatar la’akari daban.
Watering, sassautawa da weeding
Babu wani tsari na musamman don shayar da ƙasa, amma dole ne ya zama na yau da kullum don hana samuwar busassun ɓawon burodi a saman shafin. A lokaci guda, yana da kyau a mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayi: a cikin fari, yana da daraja ban ruwa da shuka sau 2 a rana a cikin adadin lita 5 na ruwa a kowace daji, kuma a cikin ruwan sama, shayarwa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Kabewa kuma yana buƙatar shayarwa ta musamman (sau biyu a rana) yayin fure da kuma saita ‘ya’yan itace.
Wajibi ne a zuba ruwan dumi sosai a ƙarƙashin tushen don kada ɗigon ruwa ya fada a kan ganye da lashes. Gaskiyar ita ce, bayan kansu za su iya barin busassun aibobi kuma su haifar da ƙonewar shuka.
A ƙarshen lokacin rani, wajibi ne don rage yawan shayarwa da kuma katse shi gaba daya makonni 2 kafin girbi. In ba haka ba, fatar ’ya’yan itacen za ta yi bakin ciki sosai, kuma namansu zai yi ruwa. Irin wannan kabewa ba za a iya kiyaye shi ba har sai lokacin hunturu, saboda da sauri ya lalace.
Bayan shayarwa, yana da daraja sassauta ƙasa a kusa da shuka da weeding don samar da iska zuwa tushen shuka.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji ya kamata a ciyawa da humus ko bambaro. Irin wannan magudi zai riƙe danshi tsawon lokaci kuma ya hana ci gaban ciyawa.
Ciyarwa
Don nau’in nutmeg na kabewa, ana amfani da tsarin ciyarwa mai zuwa:
- Ciyarwar farko (kafin fure). Tare da hanyar seedling, ana aiwatar da shi kwanaki 7 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kuma tare da shuka kai tsaye – bayan makonni 3. Don babban sutura, yana da daraja yin amfani da bayani na mullein ko litter, inda aka karkatar da yawancin ruwa (1:10). Hakanan zaka iya ƙara takin ma’adinai zuwa gare ta – 30-40 g na superphosphate, 15-25 g na potassium sulfate da lita 10 na ruwa.
- Tufafi na biyu (lokacin fure). Ya kamata a ciyar da shuka tare da bayani na 50 g na potassium sulfate da 15-20 g na nitrophoska a kowace lita 10 na ruwa. Har sai ovaries ya bayyana, ana iya haɗe shi da ash na itace ko cakuda lambu a cikin adadin 50 g na busassun busassun da lita 10 na ruwa. A cikin yanayin zafi mai sanyi, ana iya fesa shuka tare da maganin urea a cikin adadin 10 g a kowace lita 10 na ruwa.
Idan aikace-aikacen takin gargajiya (jiko na mullein ko taki kaza da aka diluted a cikin ruwa) yana ƙara yawan acidity na ƙasa, ana buƙatar saukar da shi tare da ash na itace. Kuna iya kawai warwatsa shi a saman gadon lambun ko shafa shi tare da shayarwa, tun da a baya kun shirya mafita akan adadin kofuna 2 na ash a kowace guga na ruwa.
Bakin ciki
Irin wannan magudin ya dace kawai don shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa….
