Siffofin girma Gymnospermous kabewa tare da umarnin mataki-mataki

Gymnospermous kabewa ya bambanta da nau’ikan iri na yau da kullun a cikin tsarin iri – ba su da harsashi na yau da kullun kuma suna da mahimmancin albarkatun ƙasa don masana’antar abinci. Mun koyi game da shahararrun nau’ikan wannan amfanin gona, game da dasa da noman sa.

Gymnosperm kabewa

Gymnospermous kabewa tsaba suna da mai kyau mai

Gymnospermous gourd yana jure wa yanayin zafi da kyau

Halayen gymnosperm kabewa

Gymnospermous kabewa shuka ne mai hawa, kusan babu bambanci da nau’ikan talakawa.

Takaitaccen Bayanin Gymnospermous Gourd:

• Shuka Tsire-tsire sun kai tsayin 5-12 m. Tushen yana da kama da bulala, mai zurfi, babba. gashin baki suna da tsawo. Rufewa yana da yawa.
• Ganyayyaki. Zagaye, lobed biyar, duhu kore, balagagge.
• Fure-fure. Babba, rawaya mai haske. An kafa furannin mata har 80 akan shukar, har zuwa maza 400.
• Tushen. Mai ƙarfi, mamaye yanki na murabba’in mita 3-5. m. Iya kai tsawon mita 10.
• ‘Ya’yan itace. Zagaye, tare da ɓawon burodi mai wuya da bakin ciki. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna ratsi – rawaya, tare da ratsi kore. Tsaba na matsakaicin girman, a cikin wani bakin ciki harsashi na duhu koren launi. Ƙungiyoyin seminal na tayin suna da zurfi, suna dauke da adadi mai yawa. Itacen yana da ɗan ƙaramin fibrous, kauri – 3-7 cm.

Halayen gymnospermous gourd:

Halaye / sigai Bayanin/darajar Lokacin Cika kwanaki 120. Yawan aiki shine 20-40 kg daga daji guda. Juriya ga cututtuka da kwari Matsakaici. Yana iya shafar powdery mildew, mosaic, ‘ya’yan itace rot, kazalika da kwari – kankana aphids, wireworms, da dai sauransu. Frost juriya Low. Mafi qarancin zafin jiki: +14-16 ° C. Nauyin ‘ya’yan itace 6-8 kg, matsakaicin – 16 kg. Haƙurin fari ya yi ƙasa kaɗan. Idan babu ruwa, ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun zama karami. Ƙananan Haske. Adana bai wuce watanni 2 ba. Manufar Universal. Nau’in fasaha – don matsi mai daga tsaba. A cikin nau’ikan zaki mai ɗauke da sukari 5-8%, ana amfani da ɓangaren litattafan almara don yin dankali mai dankali, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, hatsi da sauran jita-jita.

Bangaren kabewa na gymnospermous a zahiri ba ya bambanta da ƙimar sinadirai daga ɓangaren litattafan almara na yau da kullun. Amma tsaba sun bambanta – abun ciki na kalori na gymnospermous kabewa tsaba 100 kcal fiye da na talakawa iri, tare da wuya kwasfa.

Darajar abinci mai gina jiki na 100 g na gymnospermous kabewa tsaba:

• Caloric abun ciki – 650 kcal.
• Sunadaran – 23.4%.
• Fats – 84%.
• Carbohydrates – 8.4%.
• Abincin fiber – 30%.
• Ruwa – 5 g.

Fats a cikin gymnospermous kabewa tsaba ne 35% fiye da na talakawa iri, sunadaran da carbohydrates sun dan kadan kadan.

Shahararrun nau’ikan gymnosperms

Gymnospermous kabewa yana wakilta da nau’ikan da suka bambanta a lokacin girma, girman ‘ya’yan itace, yawan amfanin ƙasa da sauran halaye. A lokaci guda, duk suna da abu ɗaya gama gari – tsaba ba su da kwasfa, a cikin fim ɗin cin abinci na gaskiya:

• Golosemyanka. Iri-iri na tsakiyar kakar. Ripens a cikin kwanaki 100-110. A kan tsire-tsire masu tsayi – 4-5 ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu laushi masu nauyin kilo 4-6. Abun ciki yana da rawaya, mai daɗi, yayin ajiya abun ciki na carotene da sukari yana ƙaruwa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne koren zaitun a launi, mai yawan bitamin da zinc. Ciwon sanyi yana da matsakaici.
  
• Olga. Tsakanin kakar da tsaka-tsakin iri-iri. Mafi dacewa don matsi da man kabewa iri. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna zagaye, nauyi – 5-6 kg. Itacen itace mai haske, mai daɗi. Tsaba suna da girma.
  
• Miranda. Yaren mutanen Poland iri-iri na tsakiyar kakar tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Babban bambanci shine nau’in nau’in daji na tsire-tsire. Ya mamaye ƙananan yanki – idan aka kwatanta da nau’in hawan hawa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun baje, tare da launin kore mai haske da m, ɓangaren litattafan almara-sukari. Nauyin ‘ya’yan itace – 3-4 kg.
  
• Dana. Tsakanin kakar, nau’ikan hawa mai ƙarfi, ripening yana faruwa kwanaki 120 bayan dasa shuki. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna zagaye, kwasfa shine orange-rawaya, raga. Bangaran ruwan ‘ya’yan itace-orange, tare da ƙamshi mai daɗi, ƙwanƙwasa kuma mai yawa. Mai kyau a cikin nau’i mai tafasa da gasa, ana shirya ruwan ‘ya’yan itace masu dadi da dankali mai dankali daga gare ta. Nauyin kabewa shine 3-5 kg. Yana da babban abun ciki na sitaci da sukari. Mai yiwuwa ga wuce gona da iri.
  
• Juno. Farkon balagagge iri-iri. Ya bambanta a cikin saƙa mai ƙarfi. Yana buƙatar keɓewar sarari – don guje wa pollination. Pumpkins suna zagaye, nauyin kilogiram 4. Kayan lambu yana da dadi ga dandano, ana amfani da shi sabo ne, Boiled, stewed, gasa. Yana da ingancin kiyayewa sosai – ana iya adana kabewa har zuwa watanni 4.

  

• Styrian Austriya tsakiyar kakar da tsayi iri-iri. Babban manufar ita ce samar da mai. Samfurin da aka samo daga tsaba yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan. Nauyin ‘ya’yan itace – 4-8 kg. Ana adana kabewa – kusan watanni 3.
  

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da gymnospermous kabewa

Amfanin gymnospermous kabewa:

• Babban mai abun ciki na tsaba. Ana amfani da nau’ikan wannan kabewa akan sikelin masana’antu don samar da man iri na kabewa.
• Sauƙin sarrafawa – saboda rashin harsashi mai wuya. Ana sauƙaƙa tsarin fitar da man.
• Yana iya girma a kusan dukkanin yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha.
• Juriya na cuta.
• Yana jure wa canjin yanayin zafi da kyau.

Rashin hasara:

• Shuka kawai ta hanyar seedling.
• Dangantakar ƙarancin aiki.
• A yawancin nau’ikan, ingancin kiyayewa bai isa ba; an adana muni fiye da kabewa na yau da kullun.
• Ƙananan kabewa na yau da kullum a cikin dandano na ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Gymnospermous kabewa yana da rashin amfani da yawa, amma har yanzu yana girma saboda “tsirara”, ba tare da husks, tsaba ba.

Bukatun jujjuya ƙasa da amfanin gona

Nau’in gymnosperm, kamar sauran nau’ikan kabewa, al’ada ce mai son zafi na rana mai zafi. Tun da a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, a yawancin yankuna, yanayin ba shi da rana sosai, kabewa yana buƙatar wurare masu haske tare da ƙasa mai laushi.

Rabon gymnosperms zuwa ƙasa:

• Yana tsiro a kan ƙasa mai laushi kuma maras kyau wanda aka wadatar da kwayoyin halitta.
• Yana iya girma a kan ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki acidity, an yarda da ɗan acidity – pH daga 6.5 zuwa 7.5. A kan ƙasa acidic, al’adun suna zalunci.
• Itacen yana sha mai yawa na gina jiki. Ton daya na ‘ya’yan itatuwa yana buƙatar: potassium – 4,5 kg, nitrogen – 2,7 kg, phosphorus – 1,2 kg. Irin waɗannan buƙatun ba za a iya biyan su ta hanyar gabatarwar humus, takin ko taki ba – wajibi ne a yi amfani da takin ma’adinai.

Dokokin juya amfanin gona:

• Magabata mustahabbi – beets, kabeji, albasa, karas, dankali.
• maras so – squash, zucchini, cucumbers, sauran nau’in kabewa.

Agrotechnics na gymnosperms

Nau’in gymnosperm, ba kamar kabewa na yau da kullun ba, sun fi buƙatar kulawa da yanayin girma. Shuka seedling da seedless hanya. Babu buƙatar aiwatar da wani abu na musamman – kabewa tare da “tsirara” tsaba suna buƙatar shayarwa, takin, sassautawa.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Za a iya saya ko girbe iri da kanka – daga kabewa na girbin ku. Dokokin tattarawa da shirye-shiryen iri:

• Ana ɗaukar iri daga kabewa waɗanda suka cika 100% cikakke.
• Ana wanke kayan da aka tattara kuma an bushe su sosai.
• Ajiye tsaba da aka tattara a cikin jaka na takarda.
• Kafin shuka, tsaba suna mai zafi a +40 ° C na awanni 10.
• Bayan dumama, ana jiƙa tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 12 a cikin abin motsa jiki.

Girma sprouts

Shuka tsaba don seedlings yana farawa kwanaki 30-45 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe.

Tsarin girma seedlings:

• Shirya kwantena guda ɗaya. Ya dace da tukwane 500 ml. Samar da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Tsire-tsire ba sa jure wa dasawa da kyau, don haka dole ku yi ba tare da ɗauka ba – dasa shuki daga tukwane kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa buɗe. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine girma a cikin allunan peat 10 × 10 cm.
• Cika kwantena tare da shirye-shiryen kokwamba substrate – ana sayar da shi a cikin shagunan noma. Ko shirya cakuda ƙasa ta hanyar haɗa peat, humus da sawdust a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1. Ƙara hadaddun taki zuwa wannan cakuda – saka adadinsa bisa ga umarnin.
• Shirye-shiryen da aka shirya daidai – dumi da jiƙa, dasa daya bayan daya a cikin tukunya. Zurfafa kowane iri da 4-5 cm.
• Shayar da amfanin gona bayan shuka. Tsaba suna girma a cikin kwanaki 5-8.
• Kula da zazzabi tsakanin +22 da +25 ° C. Mafi kyawun hasken rana don seedlings shine awanni 12.
• Shayar da tsire-tsire akai-akai – yayin da suke bushewa. Kar a yawaita jika.
• Ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani sau ɗaya a mako – da zaran harbe ya bayyana.
• Fara hardening mako guda kafin dasa shuki. Ɗauki seedlings a waje – na farko na rabin sa’a kuma, a hankali ƙara tsawon lokacin tafiya, kawo shi har zuwa sa’o’i 3-4.

Tsarin dasa kabewa ya dogara da iri-iri:

• gandun daji dasa bisa ga makirci 70 × 70 cm.
• Matsakaici hawa – 70 × 140 cm.
• Hawa – 200 × 100 cm.

Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa yana farawa lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi daga +14 zuwa + 16 ° C. Yawancin lokaci ana ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan yanayi a watan Mayu-Yuni – ainihin kwanakin sun dogara da yanayin yanayi. Sai kawai tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi ana dasa su cikin ƙasa.

Hanyar dasawa:

1. Shirya lambun. Don shirya shi, zuba cikin rami idan yanayin ya bushe, ko kuma kai tsaye a ƙasa idan yanayin yana da zafi, irin waɗannan abubuwan:
   • mullein – 2 guda;
   • chernozem – 1 guga;
   • superphosphate – 1 tbsp. l.
2. Yi rami a cikin gadon da aka shirya.
3. Zuba lita 3 na ruwan dumi a cikin rami.
4. Shuka seedling a cikin rami ta amfani da hanyar canjawa wuri. Kuma idan an girma seedlings a cikin allunan peat – kawai sanya su a cikin ramuka tare da “kwantena”.
5. Domin tsire-tsire suyi sauri da sauri, inuwa ta dan lokaci tare da manyan ganye – alal misali, burdock ya dace.

Dasa tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa

A cikin yankunan kudanci, inda bazara ke farawa da wuri, ana aiwatar da hanyar da ba ta da iri ta girma pumpkins. An shirya ƙasa ta hanyar gargajiya – a cikin fall an haƙa shi kuma an kawo kwayoyin halitta don tono.

Shuka yana farawa lokacin da yanayi mai kyau ya taso – ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa + 14-16 ° C, kuma ba za a cire yuwuwar dawowar sanyi ba.

Hanyar shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa:

• Sake ƙasa kafin dasa shuki. Zurfin sassauka – 6-7 cm. Cire rhizomes na sako yayin sassautawa.
• Tona ramuka. Mafi kyawun diamita shine 30-40 cm, zurfin daga 7 cm.
• Zuba lita 1-2 na ruwan dumi a cikin rami.
• Ƙara humus (5 kg) a kowace rijiyar, da superphosphate (75 g), ash (200 ml) da potassium sulfate (100 ml). A haxa abubuwan da aka haɗa da ƙasa sosai.
• Shuka tsaba 3-4 a cikin kowane rami – tare da tazara na 3-4 cm. Zurfin tsaba – 5-6 cm. Yayyafa su da ƙasa da ciyawa tare da peat ko humus.
• Lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana, zaɓi mafi ƙarfi daga 3-4 sprouts. Tsoka sauran.

Siffofin kulawa

Gymnospermous pumpkins suna buƙatar kulawa iri ɗaya kamar nau’ikan na yau da kullun:

• Ruwa. Al’adar tana buƙatar shayarwa ta yau da kullun. Dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa da ɗanɗano a kowane lokaci. Kabewa yana buƙatar ban ruwa a duk lokacin da yake girma. Ana ba da shawarar ban ruwa na kabewa da safe, lokacin da akwai ƙarancin zafin jiki tsakanin ƙasa da ruwa, to, tushen shuka ba zai damu ba.
• Sakewa. Ana sassauta ƙasa akai-akai don cire ɓawon burodi da haɓaka iska. Godiya ga sassautawa, ana ba da tushen da oxygen.
• Ciki. Ana amfani da ciyawa don kiyaye ƙasa sako-sako da kuma kada ta bushe, da kuma hana ci gaban ciyawa. Ƙasar tana cike da ciyawa, sawdust, bambaro, peat.
• Ciyarwa. Da zaran tsire-tsire sun sami tushe a cikin gadaje, takin yana farawa. A karo na farko ana amfani da takin mai magani kwanaki 7-10 bayan dasa shuki. Don kayan ado na sama, ana amfani da zubar da tsuntsaye, mullein, infusions na ganye, ash, da kuma takin mai ma’adinai. A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da kabewa sau 3-4. Babban sutura yana haɗuwa tare da shayarwa – ruwa yana inganta haɓakar abubuwan gina jiki kuma yana hana tushen konewa.

Yiwuwar giciye-pollination

Kwari suna pollinate kabewar gymnosperm. Kada a sami squash, zucchini, sauran nau’in kabewa kusa da kabewa – in ba haka ba za a canja wurin kabewa tare da tsaba mai laushi ba da daɗewa ba.

Hanya mafi kyau na pollination don kauce wa giciye-pollination da kuma kula da tsabta na iri-iri shine wucin gadi:

• Tare da taimakon goga, furannin mata suna pollinated da pollen daga furanni maza.
• Don hana kwari isa ga furen pollinated, an rufe shi da jakunkuna.

Godiya ga pollination na wucin gadi, yana yiwuwa a hana lalata iri-iri da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Girbi da adana amfanin gona

Dokokin tattara ‘ya’yan itatuwa na gymnospermous kabewa:

• The…