Features na Marmara Suman – bayanin, dasa shuki, kulawa

Marmara gourd yana da siffofi na musamman: saman an rufe shi da veins, launi shine Emerald kore, kwasfa yana wrinkled, saboda haka bayyanar iri-iri yayi kama da marmara. Al’adar ta kasance ta tsakiyar-marigayi, mai daɗi (13% sukari), cike da microelements, bitamin E, C, A.

marmara gwargwado

Marble kabewa ne unpretentious a kula

Marble gourd yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai daɗi

Halayen gabaɗaya

Ana shuka kabewa na Marble a Rasha na dogon lokaci, saboda haka ana ɗaukarsa sanannen iri-iri. Shahararriyar nau’in kabewa ya dogara ne akan kwanciyar hankali na yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma kyakkyawan jin dadi (ruwan ciki yana da dadi da m). Bayan samuwar seedlings, kwanaki 125-140 sun wuce kafin girbi.

Bulala na shuka suna da ƙarfi sosai, tsayi da ƙarfi, tunda kabewa yana da girma-fruited. Ganyayyaki – wanda ba a yanke ba, babba, duhu kore. Furen suna da haske rawaya don jawo hankalin kwari masu pollinating.

Iri-iri ne mai juriya da sanyi da fari, godiya ga wanda aka girma a kusan dukkanin yankuna na kasar. Duk da haka, al’adar tana da thermophilic (a karkashin yanayin sanyi da rashin haske, matakin sukari yana raguwa, ɓangaren litattafan almara ya canza tsarinsa). A saboda wannan dalili, yana da kyau a shuka iri-iri a kudu.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Babban amfani marmara gourd:

• yawan amfanin ƙasa;
• girman ‘ya’yan itace;
• kulawa mara kyau;
• zaki;
• ƙanshi mai daɗi da ɗanɗano;
• sufuri;
• kiyaye inganci;
• kyakkyawan bayyanar;
• babu fashewar fata.

Rashin hasara:

• rashin haƙuri inuwa;
• bukatar hadi akai akai.

Bayanin ‘ya’yan itatuwa

Alamun waje da halayen ɗanɗano na Marble kabewa sun dogara da yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi, da kuma matakin kulawa, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a sami kayan lambu iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin dalilai daban-daban. A peculiarity na kwasfa shi ne cewa yana kama da karfi sosai, amma an yanke shi cikin sauƙi.

Halayen ‘ya’yan itace:

• dandano na ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da dadi, sabon abu;
• juiciness – high;
• astringency, mai tsami ba ya nan;
• ƙanshi yana ƙaruwa tare da ajiya, yana da bayanan nutmeg;
• launin fata – launin toka-duhu, a cikin yanayin balagagge – kore-launin toka;
• matsakaicin nauyin kabewa shine 5-10 kg;
• siffar – zagaye mai laushi;
• saman ɓawon burodi ya ƙunshi aibobi (yana faruwa kwanaki 7-10 kafin cikakken maturation) da veins;
• tsaba suna da inuwa mai tsami, girman – har zuwa 3 cm;
• tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da taushi, ana kiran launi orange.

Yawan aiki

Gourd marmara ana la’akari da babban yawan amfanin ƙasa iri-iri. Tare da kulawa mai kyau da kuma yarda da buƙatun agrotechnical daga murabba’in 1. m zaka iya samun har zuwa kilogiram 20 na kayan lambu.

Amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa

Iri-iri ne na duniya, don haka ana amfani dashi don dalilai masu zuwa:

• shiri na farko, na biyu darussa (porridges, miya, mashed dankali, casseroles, stews, da dai sauransu);
• samar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, abincin jariri;
• burodin burodi, dafa abinci;
• ƙara zuwa salads;
• abincin dabbobi.

Marble kabewa yana cike da abubuwa masu amfani, don haka ana amfani da ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin cosmetology (smoothes wrinkles) da magani (yana da tasiri mai kyau akan ayyukan hanta, inganta yanayin gani, dawo da aikin gastrointestinal tract). Ana cinye sashin iri, ana amfani da shi don cirewa da danne helminths a cikin jikin mutum (yana lalata tsutsotsi).

Peculiarities na girma

Babban yanayin nasarar noman Marble Gourd shine haɓakar ƙasa. Idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau, za ku ci gaba da ciyar da ita. Dole ne a shirya wurin dasa shuki a cikin fall – tono felu zuwa zurfin bayoneti, amfani da taki ko humus.

Shirye-shiryen wurin sauka

Yawan amfanin ƙasa ya dogara ne akan wurin da aka zaɓa – shafin ya kamata ya zama haske sosai, ba tare da zane-zane da shading ba. Mafi kyawun ƙasa shine loam da yashi mai yashi. Idan ƙasa tana da yawan acidity, ana ƙara lemun tsami, peat da ash na itace.

Yadda ake shirya wurin da kyau:

• a cikin fall, tono ƙasa, yin takin gargajiya;
• a cikin bazara, sake haƙa ƙasa (dan kadan, kawai don sassautawa);
• ƙara takin;
• don inganta magudanar ruwa, ana bada shawara don ƙara sawdust ko yashi kai tsaye yayin dasa;
• don kada kabewa ya yi rashin lafiya, yana da kyau a kashe ƙasa (zaku iya siyan Fundazol ko ku zuba shi da wani bayani mai rauni na manganese);
• cire tushen tsarin weeds, tarkacen gida daga wurin.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Ana shirya kayan iri kamar kwana biyu kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ko don seedlings. Tabbata a rarraba kowane hatsi da hannu, ƙin lalacewa, tabo da abubuwa mara kyau. Marble kabewa yana da dukiya na musamman – babban matakin germination, wanda ya kawar da buƙatar pre-germination. Don haka, ayyukan shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da:

• dumi tsaba a zafin jiki na digiri 40-45 (zaka iya saka su a cikin tanda na tsawon sa’o’i 3-4 ko sanya su a kan dumama na tsawon sa’o’i 12);
• jiƙa da tsaba a cikin dare a cikin maganin ash na itace (1 tablespoon gauraye da 0,5 lita na ruwan dumi), bar dumi;
• bushe iri.

Dasa shuki

Ana shuka kabewa a cikin seedlings a cikin yankunan arewacin Rasha. Ana amfani da kwantena iri-iri don dasa tsaba – kofuna na peat da aka saya a cikin kantin sayar da kaya, kofuna na filastik, fakitin tetra daga ƙarƙashin kiwo da samfuran madara-madara. Kafin zuba ƙasa, kwantena (ban da kwantena peat) ana wanke su sosai kuma a bushe. Ba tare da kasawa ba, ana yin ƙananan ramuka a ƙasa don magudanar ƙasa.

A matsayin ƙasa, zaka iya amfani da waɗannan abubuwa:

1. Shirye-shiryen da aka yi na duniya daga wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki na musamman. Irin wannan ƙasa yana da matakin da ake buƙata na acidity, yana cike da abubuwa masu amfani, wanda ke hanzarta aiwatar da tofa hatsi kuma yana inganta aikin seedling.
2. Gurasa na gida. Abin da kuke buƙatar: ƙasa gonar – sassa 4, sawdust – 1 part, humus – 1 part, itace ash – rabin sashi. Don ware kamuwa da cuta, an lalata abun da aka shirya tare da maganin potassium permanganate.

Dokokin dasa tsaba da girma seedlings:

• zuba karamin dutsen dutse a cikin kwandon da aka shirya (sake, don magudanar ruwa);
• zuba ƙasa kusan zuwa saman;
• jiƙa ƙasa da kwalban fesa;
• saka tsaba 2;
• yayyafa da ƙasa;
• rufe da filastik kunsa;
• sanya a gefen rana;
• bayan kwanaki 10-12, yi amfani da hadadden ma’adinai ko takin gargajiya;
• seedlings suna shirye don ɗauka a cikin kwanaki 20-21.

Sauran dokokin da za a bi:

• a duk tsawon lokacin ya zama dole don saka idanu matakin zafi, shayar da tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci;
• lokacin da harbe-harbe na farko suka fito, an cire fim din;
• lokacin hasken rana don seedlings ya kamata ya zama sa’o’i 14-16, don haka da dare ana sanya kwantena a ƙarƙashin fitilu.

Lokacin da farkon ganye 1-2 ya bayyana, ya zama dole don fitar da tsire-tsire, wato, cire tsiron mai rauni, kuma barin mai ƙarfi. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali don kada ya lalata lafiyar kashin baya. Ba za ku iya fitar da harbin ba. Ana yanke shi da almakashi na ƙusa a ƙarƙashin ainihin ƙasan ƙasa.

Saukowa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa

Ana shuka iri kai tsaye a kan gadaje kan titi a cikin yankuna masu dumi. Ba lallai ba ne don shuka hatsi, amma yana da daraja a bi ka’idodin shirye-shiryen. Zazzabi na ƙasa a cikin lambun ya kamata ya bambanta daga digiri 13 zuwa 18.

Saukowa mataki zuwa mataki:

• tono ramuka har zuwa zurfin 6 cm a kan shafin;
• nisa tsakanin su ya kamata ya zama akalla 60 cm, ba fiye da mita 1 ba;
• zuba lita biyu na ruwan zãfi a cikin kowane rami (don maganin cututtuka);
• lokacin da aka sha ruwa, sanya hatsi 2;
• yayyafa da ƙasa gauraye da kwayoyin halitta (humus);
• ciyawa.

Mulching yana da mahimmanci don kula da danshi. Idan ana sa ran sanyi ko rage yawan zafin jiki, an rufe tsaba da fim ko kwalban filastik.

Ruwa

Wajibi ne a shayar da al’adun kafin rabin-ripening na ‘ya’yan itace. A farkon matakan, ƙananan bushes suna buƙatar kimanin lita 2 na ruwa, sannan adadin ruwa a hankali yana ƙaruwa zuwa lita 5.

An haramta zubar da ruwa a kan ganye – kawai a saman duniya. Yana da kyawawa don amfani da ruwan sama ko ruwa mai tsafta.

Thinning da weeding

Thinning yana yin bayan samuwar zanen gado 3. Wajibi ne a bi ka’idodi iri ɗaya kamar lokacin da ake yin tsiron tsiro.

Ciyawa suna da mummunar tasiri akan amfanin gona na kabewa – suna yada cututtuka, tattara kwari, kamuwa da cututtuka, shayar da danshi da abinci mai gina jiki. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana lalata ciyawa.

Kuna buƙatar fitar da ciyawa kowane mako har zuwa lokacin da bulala da ganyen kabewa suka rufe yankinsu gaba ɗaya. Tare da ciyawa, ana kuma aiwatar da sassautawa. An fi dacewa da waɗannan hanyoyin bayan shayarwa a rana mai zuwa.

Ciyarwa

Wannan muhimmin yanayin agrotechnical ne. Ana shafa taki sau 2 a wata. Don wannan, ana amfani da kayan da aka fi so na gourd Marble – mullein. An diluted da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:20.

Bugu da ƙari, za ka iya amfani da girma stimulants, nettle tincture, Aloe ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, yisti mafita, kaji taki, albasa decoction bawo.

Samuwar shrub

Lalashin wannan kabewa suna da tsayi sosai, don haka ana buƙatar ƙirƙirar daji mai inganci:

• yana da kyawawa don cire ƴan uwa;
• fiye da ‘ya’yan itatuwa 3 ba za a iya barin su a kowane tushe ba;
• idan lallashin ya yi tsayi sosai, sai a dunkule shi;
• Har ila yau, dole ne a yayyafa bulala da ƙasa, wanda ke kawar da haɗarin tangling.

Shawarwari na lambu

Nasihu don girma:

1. Wajibi ne a bi ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona. Ba za ku iya girma Marble Gourd bayan cucumbers, squash da zucchini. Mafi kyawun kayan lambu na baya shine albasa, legumes.
2. Idan an girma seedlings a cikin yanayin greenhouse, tabbatar da shigar da tsarin samun iska ko bude greenhouse don samun iska. In ba haka ba, haɗarin cututtukan fungal yana ƙaruwa.
3. Wajibi ne a shayar da gadaje da yamma ko safiya. An haramta shi sosai don shayar da al’adun a lokacin rana, saboda kuna iya yiwuwa.
4. Kada ku ƙyale danshi mai yawa, wannan yana haifar da lalacewa.
5. Iri-iri na son abubuwan ma’adinai, don haka ƙara bayani na ash ash.
6. Yana da kyawawa don sassauta zuwa zurfin 7-10 cm.
7. Ana ba da izinin takin ƙasa har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta, babu ƙari.

Cututtuka da kwari

Marmara na kabewa ba al’ada ce mai cike da rudani ba, don haka, a ƙarƙashin fasahar aikin gona, ba ya fuskantar cututtuka da hare-hare daga kwari da kwari. A ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, cututtuka masu zuwa suna faruwa sau da yawa, irin waɗannan kwari suna shafar:

1. Powdery mildew halin da wani farin rufi a kan farantin ganye. Topaz, maganin sulfur colloidal, zai taimaka wajen kawar da shi.
2. Bacteriosis rufe shuka da launin ruwan kasa spots. Ana fesa magani tare da shirye-shiryen tushen jan karfe.
3. farin fungal rot gida a kan sama-ƙasa ɓangare na al’adu, bambanta a Bloom da irin flakes. Don kawar da cutar, ana buƙatar magani tare da maganin jan karfe sulfate (0,5%).
4. Tick ​​na yanar gizo sauƙin gane, kamar yadda kwarin siffofi cobwebs a kan shuka. Don magani, ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari, magungunan jama’a (tafarnuwa alkaline ko tincture albasa).
5. kankana aphid gida a kan ovaries da ganye daga ciki. Don yakin, ana amfani da hanyoyi iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka yi a baya.
6. Slugs suna cin ovaries, furanni, ganye, mai tushe. Kuna iya kawar da su tare da taimakon tarkuna. Don yin wannan, an shimfiɗa rigar rigar da ganyen kabeji kusa da daji.

A matsayin matakan kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, ya kamata a yi masu zuwa:

• bi ka’idodin fasahar noma da jujjuya amfanin gona;
• barkono shuka, taba kusa da kabewa;
• kada ku dasa kabewa da yawa;
• saka idanu matakin danshin ƙasa;
• ciyar da takin mai magani don haɓaka rigakafin shuka;
• share abubuwan da suka kamu da cutar kullum;
• disinfect tsaba, ƙasa, dasa kwantena;
• cire ciyawa.

Yadda ake girbi da adana amfanin gona?

Ana yanke kabewar marmara tare da tsumma a kusa da farkon Satumba. Bayan cirewa daga lambun, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna shimfiɗa a cikin daki ko a cikin rana don kwanaki da yawa har sai sun bushe gaba daya.

Yanayin ajiya:

• rayuwar shiryayye – har zuwa watanni 12;
• zafi dakin – 70-80%;
• tsarin zafin jiki – 5-12 digiri;
• dakin dole ne ya kasance da iska sosai.

Sharhi

Nikita Dyshkant, mai shekaru 29. Ina noma kabewan marmara don kaina da siyarwa. Wannan zaɓi ne mai fa’ida mai fa’ida, saboda iri-iri yana da girma kuma yana da daɗi sosai. A cikin shekaru da yawa, na riga na saba da kulawa da kyau kuma ina so in ce kada ku ciyar da amfanin gona da yawa, ya isa takin sau 3-4 a kowace kakar. Ba zan kara ba…