Features da nau’in farin kabewa

Kwanan nan kwanan nan, wani mu’ujiza mai ban mamaki ya bayyana a kasarmu – farin kabewa, wanda ba kawai sabon abu ba ne dangane da alamun waje, amma kuma yana da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa. Farin launi yana bayyana sau da yawa a waje kawai. Yawancin mazauna bazara suna da’awar cewa kayan lambu, kamar kabewa na yau da kullun, ba su da fa’ida a cikin girma, amma yana da halaye na kansa.

Tarihin farin gour

Al’adun kabewa sun bayyana wani lokaci a cikin 6000 BC (ba a san shi daidai ba, amma +/- karni na farko). Akwai nau’o’in iri daban-daban har ma an samo samfurori masu haske, amma an fi daidaita su da “mutants”.

Farin iri-iri ya bayyana godiya ga aikin masu shayarwa a cikin 2005. A lokaci guda kuma, an fara ci gaba a kan nau’ikan kiwo na dusar ƙanƙara-fari.

A karon farko, an yi kiwon farar kabewa a tsibirin Java, bayan an kai irin wadannan nau’in zuwa kasashen Sin da Japan, inda suka isa kasar Rasha.

Iri-iri na farin kabewa

Farin kabewa, kamar kore, ja, orange da sauransu, an kasu kashi 2 azuzuwan – daji da saƙa. Na farko suna da gajerun bulala (har zuwa 2 m), na biyun suna da tsayi (7-15 m), don haka za a iya ɗaure su da trellises da sauran tallafi.

Farin boron

An zaɓi iri-iri a Afirka, na cikin al’adun tebur, yana da manyan ‘ya’yan itace.

Wasu siffofi:

• lokacin ripening – matsakaici, ya bambanta daga kwanaki 110 zuwa 120;
• nama – yana da launi na orange na gargajiya, mai yawa sosai, yana ɗanɗano kamar cakuda ‘ya’yan itace;
• tsari – lallausan-zagaye, da karfi;
• kwasfa – nau’in ribbed (an raba manyan sassan da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa), ƙaddamarwa, cikakke fari a ƙarshen kakar girma, kore a farkon;
• manufa – amfani a cikin danye, Boiled, stewed, gasa form;
• matsakaicin nauyi – 14-15 kg a yankinmu, a nahiyar Afirka kusan sau 2 fiye (saboda yanayi);
• zauren seminal – maras muhimmanci tare da manyan tsaba, waɗanda kuma an rufe su da farin harsashi (masana sun lura da friability na mahaifa).

Farin boron ya ƙunshi adadin sukari mai yawa, don haka ba a ƙara sukari yayin dafa abinci.

Tushen tsarin iri-iri yana da yawa, yana shiga cikin zurfin yadudduka, saboda wanda, a gaban ruwan karkashin kasa mai zurfi, al’adun ba ya buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai.

Abin da ya wajaba don yawan amfanin ƙasa da samun mafi yawan ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu dadi da dadi:

• iska zazzabi 29-35 ° C;
• low zafi matakin;
• Mafi kyawun yanki don girma shine Crimea, yankin Krasnodar, yankin Lower Volga;
• akai-akai sassauta ƙasa.

Idan ba ku bi sharuɗɗan ba, ɓangaren litattafan almara zai zama sabo. Idan kun yi moisturize sau da yawa, carotene da sukari za su wanke.

New Zealand

Iri-iri yana da wani suna – Kruan Vangapara, wanda ke nufin dogon lokaci. Bisa ga alamu na waje, yayi kama da Bely Bor, amma akwai ƙananan kabewa. Yana ba da ‘ya’ya mafi kyau a yankin tekun Black Sea. Idan an girma a cikin tsakiyar layi, za a buƙaci yanayin greenhouse.

Wasu siffofi:

• lokacin ripening – kimanin kwanaki 110, wanda ke nuna matsakaicin girma na iri-iri;
• nama – mai kauri sosai, ya kai har zuwa 8-10 cm, an raba shi da kwasfa ta zobe na launin kore mai haske, ɓangaren da ake ci shine orange, ɗanɗanon yana da ban mamaki;
• tsari – mai laushi-mai zagaye;
• kwasfa – segmented, fari, amma kore a farkon kakar girma;
• manufa – dafa kowane abinci, yin ado da yankin gida;
• matsakaicin nauyi – 4-5 kg;
• zauren seminal – ƙananan, amma tare da manyan fararen tsaba.

Siffar – an rufe farfajiyar da farar fata. Shuka yana hawa sosai, don haka yana buƙatar garter. Sauran fasalolin noma:

• yawan ruwa ya zama dole;
• ba a yarda da sanyi;
• ana iya girma har ma a Siberiya, amma a cikin wani greenhouse mai zafi;
• kasar gona tana da yawa kuma tana da sako-sako;
• fallasa ga kwari da cututtuka, sabili da haka, pre-jiyya tare da fungicides da kwari.

Matsakaicin zafin jiki na iska shine 22-24 ° C. A wannan yanayin, ana yin girbi a baya fiye da kwanaki 110.

Barka da zuwa

Sunan na biyu shi ne kakin zuma, saboda an rufe saman bawon da kakin zuma mai kauri. Duk da haka, haske yana nunawa a cikin haske mai haske, wanda ya sa ya zama mai sheki. Wannan plaque yana aiki azaman shingen kariya daga kwari da cututtukan fungal.

Wani lokaci masu lambu suna komawa Benincasa a matsayin squash na hunturu ko Indiyawan Indiya. Yana kama da babban zucchini. Kabewa daga Asiya. Tsire-tsire sun kai har zuwa mita 4, akwai pectin da yawa a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Wasu siffofi:

• lokacin ripening – daga 110- zuwa 120 days;
• nama – fari tare da ɗan ƙaramin koren kore, matsakaicin kauri – kusan 6 cm, ba mai daɗi ba, amma mai daɗi sosai;
• tsari – elongated;
• kwasfa – dan kadan mai gashi a tsakiyar lokacin girma, santsi a ƙarshen, launi – kore mai haske sosai tare da dusar ƙanƙara-fari;
• manufa – shirye-shiryen miya, miya da jita-jita na gefe don kifi da jita-jita na nama;
• matsakaicin nauyi daga 5 zuwa 10 kg;
• zauren seminal – voluminous, amma tsaba ne ƙanana da yellowish.

Abubuwan haɓakawa:

• bukatar rana mai yawa;
• Ana gudanar da shayarwa a matsakaici (idan an shayar da shi sau da yawa, shuka yana rube, kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun zama marasa daɗi);
• yana tsira da sauƙi a lokacin fari, don haka ana noma shi sau da yawa a yankuna daban-daban;
• Mafi kyawun yanayin iska shine + 23-+27 ° C.

farin acorn

An farkon cikakke iri-iri girma a kusan duk yankuna na Rasha. Shuka yana da bushewa, don haka lashes ya kai iyakar 2 m, kuma an kafa ovaries a gindin mai tushe.

Wasu siffofi:

• lokacin ripening – kwanaki 80-80;
• nama – dusar ƙanƙara-fari ko haske m, unsweetened (babu polysaccharides da carotenoids a cikin iri-iri), dandano ne kabewa-dankali, da yawa ne matsakaici;
• tsari – acorn-kamar tare da fadadawa a cikin kullun da kunkuntar a gefe guda;
• kwasfa – ribbed, fari ko kirim mai launi;
• manufa – a matsayin gefen tasa (masu dafa abinci suna ba da shawarar shirya jita-jita iri ɗaya kamar daga dankali);
• matsakaicin nauyi – 0,5-1 kg (girman hidima);
• zauren seminal – ƙananan tare da manyan tsaba, inuwa mai haske.

A cikin noma da kulawa, White Acorn ba shi da buƙatu – duk ayyukan daidai suke, kamar kowane kabewa.

Ana adana iri-iri na dogon lokaci, amma masana ba su ba da shawarar yin haka ba, saboda kwasfa za ta yi tauri ta yadda ba zai yi aiki ba don yanke ko sare ‘ya’yan itacen. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ana amfani da kabewa azaman kayan ado.

arziki

A tsakiyar kakar amfanin gona da aka yi nufin noma a cikin Crimea, da Krasnodar Territory, da Caucasus, kamar yadda iri-iri ne sosai thermophilic. Idan an dasa shi a cikin layin tsakiya da makamantansu, ana amfani da hanyar shuka shuka da kuma hanyar noman kore.

Wasu siffofi:

• lokacin ripening – kwanaki 100-120;
• nama – orange kuma ba mai yawa ba, matsakaici mai dadi, tsaka tsaki;
• tsari – siffar pear tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi daga ƙasa;
• kwasfa – ko da, santsi da dusar ƙanƙara-fari;
• manufa – duniya – hatsi, dankalin turawa, casseroles, da dai sauransu;
• matsakaicin nauyi daga 1 zuwa 1.5 kg;
• zauren seminal – manyan tare da matsakaici tsaba.

Shuka yana da ƙarfi kuma yana hawa, don haka masu lambu suna ba da shawarar ɗaure bulala, kuma ba yanke su ba. A cikin noma, matsala ɗaya ta taso – pollination. Gaskiyar ita ce, yawancin bushes sun ƙunshi pistils mata, kuma namiji bai isa ba.

Sauran fasalolin noma:

• yana buƙatar ƙasa mai albarka sosai, don haka ana iya shuka ta ko da a kan tudun takin;
• baya jure sanyi da sanyi;
• kasar gona dole ne a danshi koyaushe, wanda ake amfani da hanyar mulching.

Kamar White Acorn, ana adana shi na dogon lokaci kuma yana taurare a hanya ɗaya.

Rufe Wannan

Wannan nau’in kabewa ne na ado da ake amfani da shi a abinci. An yi niyya don noma a yankunan kudancin, amma ana iya dasa shi a cikin yankin Moscow, tsakiyar layi da Siberiya (an lura da yanayin greenhouse don wannan). An yi la’akari da shuka a hawa, an haife shi ta hanyar masu shayarwa na Amurka-masana kimiyya.

Wasu siffofi:

• lokacin ripening – kimanin kwanaki 100;
• nama – ƙara yawan yawa tare da ɗanɗano mai tsaka tsaki da ƙanshi, ƙarancin sukari da inuwa mai haske;
• tsari – zagaye da lallausan;
• kwasfa – compacted, ribbed, santsi da dusar ƙanƙara-fari;
• manufa – jita-jita masu kama da dankali (ana amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa matasa kawai don dafa abinci);
• matsakaicin nauyi – ƙananan ƙananan – 150-300 g;
• zauren seminal – manyan, kananan tsaba.

Abubuwan haɓakawa:

• ya fi son ƙasa mai laushi, don haka ana aiwatar da shayarwa akai-akai;
• ba ji tsoron bacteriosis, amma fallasa su powdery mildew da kwari.

Rindin yana da yawa kuma yana da wuyar gaske, yana zama mai taurin lokaci, don haka ba za a iya adana shi na dogon lokaci ba idan ana amfani da Baby Boo don dafa abinci. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da iri-iri sau da yawa don ado.

Musamman fasali na farin kabewa

Babban fasalin kowane nau’in farin kabewa shine dusar ƙanƙara-fari ko kirim mai tsami na ‘ya’yan itace. Naman na iya zama daban-daban, amma mafi yawan na kowa shine orange orange ko haske. Rayuwar shiryayye na hybrids aƙalla shekara 1, matsakaicin 3.

Peculiarities na girma

Kowane iri-iri na farin kabewa yana da nasa ka’idodin noma. Amma akwai kuma ƙa’idodi na gaba ɗaya waɗanda ke da halayen irin wannan al’ada:

• Hanyar saukarwa. A cikin yankuna da yanayi mai dumi, ana shuka tsaba nan da nan a cikin bude ƙasa, sanyi – na farko, ana shuka seedlings a cikin gida, sa’an nan kuma a dasa shi cikin lambun, tare da sanyi – kawai a cikin greenhouse mai zafi.
  Masana ba su bayar da shawarar dasawa da dasawa ba, tun da fararen kabewa suna da wuyar daidaitawa bayan an canja su zuwa sabon wuri, don haka a cikin yankuna masu matsakaici, ana iya shuka seedlings a cikin greenhouses na wucin gadi, kuma lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kai, kawai cire fim ɗin filastik.
• Alamun ƙasa. Farin amfanin gona sun fi son ƙasa tsaka tsaki tare da ƙimar pH daga 6 zuwa 7.5. Dole ne tsarin ya zama sako-sako, tun da kabewa ba zai yi girma a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi ba.

  Abinda ake bukata shine ƙara yawan haihuwa, saboda haka, kafin a dasa kayan shuka, tabbatar da amfani da takin mai magani a cikin kaka da bazara – kwayoyin halitta (takin, taki, zubar da tsuntsaye) da ma’adanai (Superphosphate da makamantansu).

• A duk-rounder. A bi waɗannan ƙa’idodin. Musamman game da amfanin gona na kabewa na wata inuwa daban. Idan an dasa su kusa da fararen iri-iri, farin zai yi yawa kuma ba zai haifar da launi da ake so ba.
• Wuri. Ya kamata wurin ya kasance na musamman rana. Tun da tushen tushen yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana da rassa, ana iya dasa farar kabewa a wuraren da ake yawan zubar da ruwa, saboda haka ana iya kauce masa.
  A lokaci guda, kula da takamaiman iri-iri – wasu ba sa jure wa zafi mai zafi. Farin iri suna jure wa iska cikin sauƙi, don haka sanya gadaje inda wasu tsire-tsire ke hana.
• Tsarin shuka. Tazarar jeri kusan 2 m, nisa tsakanin bushes a jere daya shine 0.8-1 m.
• Tsarin yanayin zafi. Ya kamata ƙasa ta dumi zuwa zazzabi na +13 zuwa +15 ° C, iska – 14-16 ° C.

Umarnin kulawa

Bukatun kulawa sun dogara da nau’in nau’i na musamman – wasu fararen kabewa sun fi son yawan danshi, wasu, akasin haka, bushewa. Anan akwai wasu shawarwari da yakamata ku kiyaye a kowane yanayi:

• don kula da launin fari na gaskiya, yi amfani da takin mai magani wanda ba zai shafi canjin launi ba – mafi gamsarwa shuka shine, mafi yanayin launi;
• Kada ku bar bushes su nutse cikin ruwa kuma su kasance a cikin ƙasa tare da busassun busassun a saman – yana da kyau a sha ruwa a matsakaici, an rufe shi da kayan ciyawa (bambaro, peat, hay, ciyawa);
• sassauta ƙasa sau da yawa – ba tare da oxygen ba, tushen tsarin ya mutu;
• tabbatar da ƙulla nau’ikan saƙa na dogon lokaci akan trellises, in ba haka ba harbe za su rikice da juna, wanda zai rushe wurare dabam dabam na abubuwan gina jiki;
• shuka a kusa da waɗannan albarkatun gona waɗanda ke jawo hankalin ƙudan zuma don pollination – sunflower, lavender, balm, da dai sauransu;
• a yi amfani da taki kamar sau 4-5 a duk lokacin girma.

Tari da adana farin kabewa

Duk fararen kabewa sun bambanta da sauran nau’ikan a cikin girman fata, wanda ya zama maɗaukaki akan lokaci. A saboda wannan dalili, ƙwararrun lambun lambu suna ba da shawarar girbi kwanaki 10-14 a baya kafin su kai ga balaga na fasaha.

Har ila yau, ɓangaren litattafan almara na irin waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa za su kasance masu taushi da m, amma har yanzu ba za a sami zaƙi ba, tun da fararen kabewa suna da ɗanɗano kaɗan.

Sauran ƙa’idodin tarawa da ajiya na musamman:

• kar a bar fararen kayan lambu a cikin lambun na dogon lokaci – ban da ɓawon burodi, launi kuma zai canza (filaye zai juya …