Siffofin girma pumpkins a cikin bude ƙasa

Kabewa amfanin gona a Rasha suna da matukar bukata saboda suna da wadata a cikin bitamin da abubuwa masu amfani. Yawancin lambu suna shuka kayan lambu a cikin gadajensu. Amma girma kabewa a cikin bude filin yana da nasa halaye da ya kamata ka sani game da.

Wadanne iri ne suka dace don girma kabewa a waje?

Irin waɗannan nau’ikan sun fi girma a waje:

1. Muscat kabewa. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da ƙananan matakan Vitamin, Marble, Candied, Arbat, Zhemchuzhina. Siffar tana zagaye ko cylindrical, ɓawon burodi yana da taushi, launi yana da wadataccen orange. Butternut squash yana da tsawon rayuwar rayuwa (shekaru 2), dandano mai kyau.
   
2. Al’adar kabewa ta yi tauri. Siffar tana zagaye-cylindrical, launi shine orange, dandano yana da daɗi. Siffa ta musamman itace harsashi mai wuyar itace (mai wuyar yankewa).
   
3. Babban kabewa. Daga cikin wannan nau’in, yana da daraja girma da sub-cultivars Juno, Golosemyanka, Gribovskaya daji, Freckle, Almond, Dachnaya. Siffofin – yawan amfanin ƙasa, girman ‘ya’yan itace, laushi na sutura.
   

A cikin ƙasa buɗe, zaku iya ƙoƙarin girma kowane iri-iri, tunda kabewa ba ta da ban sha’awa da ban sha’awa. Babban abu shine kiyaye ka’idodin agrotechnical sosai.

Sharuɗɗan

Ana ɗaukar shuka a matsayin thermophilic, amma baya sanya buƙatu na musamman, kodayake yana son ƙasa mai ɗanɗano yayin fure. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a wannan lokacin tsarin tushen ya fara tasowa, wanda ke buƙatar samun karfi. Idan babu isasshen danshi, ovaries zasu fadi.

Kasancewa al’adar “rana”, kabewa yana buƙatar isasshen haske. Ba ya yarda da iska mai ƙarfi da sanyi, don haka ya kamata a sami shinge / gini daga ɓangaren arewacin lambun.

Haske

Yana da kyawawa a shuka amfanin gona a wuraren buɗewa ga hasken rana. Wannan kusan shine kawai tsiron da ke sauƙin jure wa hasken rana kai tsaye, kuma na tsawon sa’o’i 6-8. Duk da wannan, ƙaramin shading shima abin karɓa ne, don haka yawancin lambu suna tattara amfanin gona da masara.

Zazzabi

Kabewa yana son zafi, don haka +25 digiri za a iya la’akari da mafi kyawun zafin jiki. Abubuwan ban mamaki:

• idan zazzabi ya faɗi ƙasa + 8-10 digiri, tsaba ba su tsiro ba;
• a cikin tsarin zafin jiki na + 15-20, germination yana faruwa a hankali;
• a zazzabi na + 25-30 digiri, tsaba suna ƙyanƙyashe a cikin ‘yan kwanaki.

Bukatun ƙasa

Ƙasa don amfanin gona na kabewa ya kamata a cika da humus, wanda zai ba ku damar samun ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu dadi da ƙamshi na yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yana da kyawawa don magudana ƙasa da takin tare da takin. pH acidity ya kamata ya zama 6-6.5. Yaduddukan ƙasa na sama bai kamata su zama rigar ba, kuma ruwan ƙasa zai iya wucewa cikin ƙananan.

Idan muka yi magana game da jujjuya amfanin gona, to, wake, kabeji (dole ne da wuri) kabeji, albasa, da tafarnuwa ana ɗaukar magabata mafi kyau. Ba a so a shuka kabewa bayan tumatir, karas da nau’in kabeji na marigayi. Beets, ganye, kokwamba suna dauke da tsaka tsaki. Kabewa na iya zama tare da wake, radishes, beets, masara. An haramta shuka kusa da dankali da tumatir.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Aikin shiri yana farawa a cikin fall, don haka tunani a kan wani wuri don kabewa a gaba. Abin da ya kamata a yi: ‘yantar da wurin daga ciyawa da amfanin gona da suka girma a wannan shekara, da kuma shirya takin gargajiya. Don yin wannan, Mix 60 grams na superphosphate, 30 grams na potassium chloride, 10 kg na humus (14 kg na taki za a iya amfani da maimakon). Wannan adadin ya isa ya isa murabba’in mita 2. m. Ana shafa taki ga sanyin da ake noma.

Don tabbatar da rashin daidaituwa, ana iya zubar da yashi ko peat tare da kwayoyin halitta. Tare da ƙasa mai ɗanɗano acidic, yana da kyau a ƙara ash na itace. A lokacin bazara, ba a buƙatar digging, amma wajibi ne a cire ciyawa kuma a daidaita saman saman tare da rake.

Hanyar seedling

A cikin yankunan kudancin kasar, ana iya dasa iri kai tsaye a cikin bude ƙasa. Amma ga arewacin latitudes, ana ba da fifiko ga hanyar seedling na girma shuke-shuken kabewa.

Dubawa da shirya iri:

1. Tun da tsaba na kabewa suna da girma, ba shi da wuya a duba su. Wajibi ne don zaɓar cikakkun abubuwa don saukowa. Idan babu lokacin yin wannan da hannu, an jiƙa kayan iri a cikin ruwa. An yi la’akari da hatsin da ba su dace ba, kamar yadda ba su da kyau.
2. Don saurin germination, ana tsoma tsaba a cikin ruwa a zazzabi da ba ƙasa da digiri 40 ba, bai fi 50 ba. Ci gaba da kimanin sa’o’i 4.
3. Bayan wannan lokaci, ana shimfiɗa tsaba a kan gauze mai laushi (ana iya maye gurbinsu da wani yanki na auduga).
4. Abubuwan da aka ninka a cikin masana’anta ana sanya su a cikin akwati, an bar su don germination a cikin dakin. Don kada masana’anta ba su bushe ba, ana shayar da shi sau 1-2 a rana tare da ruwan dumi (zafin daki).
5. Bayan samuwar sprouts, an nannade tsaba a cikin firiji (zazzabi + 3 digiri). Tsaya daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 5.

Dokokin sauka da kwanan wata:

1. Ana ba da shawarar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin kwanaki 22. Don haka, ya danganta da yanayin yanayin, idan an dasa shuki a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, alal misali, a ranar 25 ga Mayu, ana shuka iri a ranar 3 ga Mayu, idan an shirya dasa shuki a ranar 6 ga Yuni, to ana shuka iri a ranar 15 ga Mayu.
2. Idan ana sa ran sanyin dare a cikin waɗannan lokuttan, ƙwararrun lambu da mazauna rani suna ba da shawarar shirya wuraren zama na gida. Don wannan, ana amfani da kwalabe na filastik na yau da kullun, daidai da girman daji na seedling. Bayan dasa shuki, an rufe daji da kwalban da aka yanke, wanda ya dan kadan zurfi cikin ƙasa.
3. An fi dacewa da shuka iri a cikin kofuna na peat. Wannan ya zama dole saboda rashin haƙuri na matakan dasawa. Matsakaicin girman kofin ya kamata ya zama 10 × 10 cm.
4. Ƙasa don seedlings shine peat gauraye da yashi.
5. Dokoki don dasa shuki iri iri: zuba wani yanki na ƙasa a cikin kofin don haka an bar 3 cm daga gefen babba, zuba ruwa a saman, sanya iri, ƙara ƙasa, sake jika.
6. Kwanaki 3-4 na farko bayan dasa tsaba, zafin iska bai kamata ya kasance ƙasa da digiri 25 ba. Hakanan, ana iya rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa +18. Bayan mako guda na girma, zafin jiki yana raguwa da wani digiri 3. Wannan wajibi ne don ƙarin daidaitawar shuka zuwa sararin samaniya.
7. A cikin kofin daya, yana da kyawawa don sanya tsaba 2. Lokacin da hatsin biyu suka haihu, ana cire tsiro ɗaya ta hanyar tsunkule a tushen kanta.

Ciyarwa da shayarwa:

1. Shuka yana buƙatar shayar da shi akai-akai – kada ƙasa ta bushe kuma ta zama rigar sosai.
2. Daga saman sutura, ana ba da fifiko ga maganin ruwa da mullein a cikin rabo na 1:10. Ya kamata a yi amfani da taki kwanaki 12-14 bayan dasa iri.

ringing seedling za’ayi kwanaki 10 bayan dasa shuki tsaba. A wannan lokacin, kasar gona za ta ragu kadan, don haka wajibi ne a cika tukwane tare da ƙarin substrate. An ƙirƙiri ƙarin Layer a kusa da tushe a cikin da’irar.

Saukowa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa:

1. Seedlings ya kamata a dasa bayan kwanaki 21-22. A wannan lokacin, cikakke ganye guda uku tare da sautin kore mai albarka yakamata su samar.
2. Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki a cikin layuka wanda aka yi ramuka tare da zurfin 30-35 cm.
3. Nisa tsakanin layuka shine 40 cm.
4. Bayan ƙirƙirar ramukan, an shimfiɗa taki daga potassium sulfate da superphosphate a ƙasan su. Bugu da ƙari, ana zubar da ƙasa gauraye da peat da ash na itace. An yayyafa ƙasa na yau da kullun a saman, bayan haka ana shayar da ruwa (kimanin lita 2 na ruwa), ana shuka seedlings.
5. Kafin dasa shuki, ƙasa da ganuwar gilashin peat an ɗan yanke.

hanya mara iri

Ana iya amfani da hanyar rashin iri musamman a cikin latitudes na kudancin ƙasar.

Dokokin dasa tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa:

1. Dubawa da shirya tsaba ana aiwatar da su daidai da hanyar seedling. Wato, ana jerawa tsaba, soaked, germinated. Amma kuma zaka iya dasa hatsin da bai tsiro ba.
2. Ana aiwatar da shuka a kusa da Mayu 10-20, dangane da yanayin yanayi.
3. Yanayin zafin ƙasa ya kamata ya dace da alamomi daga +12 digiri.
4. Tsakanin layuka, nisa ya kamata ya zama daya da rabi zuwa mita biyu, tsakanin tsire-tsire – 80-100 cm. Kafin shuka, ana haƙa ramuka kuma an rufe su da takin mai magani, kamar yadda a cikin hanyar seedling. Bayan dasa shuki, ana aiwatar da watering.

Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su don shuka kabewa sune:

1. Hanyar gargajiya. Mai tushe na shuka yana kan ƙasa. Hanyarsu ba zato ba tsammani, mai rarrafe.
2. Hanyar Tapestry. Ana amfani dashi don matsakaicin nau’in amfanin gona na kabewa. A ko’ina cikin kowane jere, an shigar da masu goyon bayan katako, waɗanda aka yi a kwance tare da katako na katako. Waya a cikin wannan yanayin bai dace ba, saboda ba zai goyi bayan nauyin ‘ya’yan itace ba. Tsayin tsarin ya kamata ya kai 2 m. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire shine iyakar 40 cm. A lokacin noma, ya zama dole don tsunkule da samar da, ɗaure ‘ya’yan itatuwa da harbe zuwa goyan baya da trellises. Yawancin lambu suna saka gidan yanar gizo don ‘ya’yan itatuwa, wanda ya dace don haɗawa da tsarin.
3. Akan tarin takin. A yankin da aka ware don dasa kabewa, ana shirya tudun takin, inda ake yin ƙananan ramuka don cika ƙasa. Na gaba, ana shuka tsaba. Abinda ake bukata shine a rufe shi da fim nan da nan, wanda aka cire bayan samuwar farkon harbe. Abũbuwan amfãni – babu buƙatar babban sutura a lokacin noma, cikakken kowane iri-iri za a iya shuka.
4. Hanyar a cewar Galina Kizima. Wannan hanya ta musamman ce ta yadda ana iya noman kabewa ta hanyar da ba ta da iri har ma a yankunan Arewa. Ya dogara ne akan digging na ramuka, a kasan wanda aka dage farawa shuka. Su ne suka haifar da tsarin zafin jiki da ake bukata don shuka. Wajibi ne a tono ramuka a cikin fall (zurfin ya dace da bayoneti 2 na shebur), an shimfiɗa ciyayi nan da nan, kuma a farkon bazara an yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Bayan germination na tsire-tsire, ana buƙatar mafakar fim har sai zafin iska da ake buƙata ya daidaita. Ribobi – babu buƙatar taki.

Kulawar kabewa na waje

Yawancin mazauna rani sun yi imanin cewa tsire-tsire masu kabewa ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Don haka, abin da kawai ake yi bayan saukar jirgin ana shayar da shi lokaci-lokaci. Koyaya, don cimma matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa da ‘ya’yan itace masu inganci (girman, ƙanshi, ɗanɗano), yana da mahimmanci a bi wasu ƙa’idodin agrotechnical kuma kula da wannan amfanin gona.

Ruwa

Ya kamata a yi ban ruwa akai-akai, kamar yadda kabewa yana son danshi. Duk da cewa tushen tsarin yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma ya shimfiɗa zuwa tarnaƙi da zurfi don nisa mai nisa, duk iri ɗaya, dole ne a shayar da tushen tushen.

Bugu da ƙari, tushen yana fitar da danshi daga cikin ƙasa, wanda ke ƙafe ta cikin foliage, don haka kusan babu wani ruwa da ya rage a cikin tsarin tushen da mai tushe.

Dokokin ban ruwa:

1. Kafin da kuma bayan fitowar seedlings, har zuwa samuwar daji, wajibi ne a sha ruwa a cikin ƙananan sassa, amma kullum. Dokar zinariya ita ce adadin ruwa yana karuwa a hankali.
2. Ana gabatar da mafi girman adadin ruwa yayin yawan furanni da samar da ‘ya’yan itace.
3. Adadi da mita na aikace-aikacen ruwa an ƙaddara ta takamaiman nau’in kabewa.
4. Kada ku shayar da shuka ‘yan kwanaki kafin cikakken ripening na ‘ya’yan itace.
5. Yanayin zafin jiki bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da + 19-21 digiri. An cire ruwan sanyi gaba daya, saboda al’adar za ta mutu.
6. Bayan ban ruwa, yana da kyawawa don aiwatar da loosening a gindin babban tushe.

Ciki

Ana amfani da wannan tsari ta hanyar lambu waɗanda ba su da damar da za su shayar da gonar sau da yawa (ba kasafai suke zuwa kasar ba, babu bukatar ruwa, da dai sauransu). Mulching yana ba da damar kiyaye matakin da ake so na danshi a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci.

Yadda ake yin shi: an shimfiɗa ciyawa na musamman a kusa da tushe, godiya ga wanda weeds ba sa girma kuma. Ana amfani da abubuwa masu zuwa azaman ciyawa (dole ne asalin halitta, don haka ƙasa ta “numfashi” iska):

• sawdust;
• allura daga Pine, spruce, fir, arborvitae da sauran conifers;
• peat;
• saman daga sauran amfanin gona da aka riga an girbe;
• ciyawa;
• ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi (gauraye da ciyawa);
• ganye.

Sakewa

Tun da tushen tsarin ya isa sosai, ana buƙatar ƙarin adadin oxygen. Don wannan, ana amfani da hanyar sassautawa, wanda aka yi bayan shayarwa ko kwana ɗaya bayan ban ruwa. Lokacin…