Hakora masu lafiya don zomo na ado, da kuma kowane lagomorph, sune mabuɗin rayuwa mai tsawo, cikakke da farin ciki. A cikin daji, zomaye suna da ikon kula da kyakkyawan yanayin rami na baki. Duk da haka, a gida, daidaitaccen cizon da ƙarfin haƙora shine alhakin mai shi.
Fitowar hakora
Haƙoran madara suna ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan farko da suke samuwa a nan gaba jaririn zomo a cikin mahaifa. Tsarin yana farawa a farkon mako na uku na ci gaba. An haifi jarirai ba tare da gashi da ikon gani da ji ba, amma tare da hakoran madara goma sha shida – incisors shida da hakora goma.
Fara daga mako na biyu na rayuwar zomo, bakinsa yana fuskantar canje-canje: haƙoran madara da aka haife shi da su sun fara maye gurbin su da na dindindin. Tsarin canzawa ba ya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa, kuma jaririn, wanda aka haifa kawai wata daya da ya wuce, ya riga ya sami 28 cikakkun hakora na dindindin.
Duk da haka, ci gaban hakora na zomaye na ado ba a kammala ba akan wannan: kowane mako sun zama 2-3 millimeters tsawon.
Tsarin da tsari na haƙoran zomo
Zomo na ado yana da nau’ikan hakora biyu kawai:
- Ciwon kai. Akwai su shida kawai, kuma ba a shirya su daidai ba – akwai incisors hudu a kan muƙamuƙi na sama, kuma biyu kawai a ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan nau’in hakora ya bambanta da girma. An raba incisors na sama zuwa manyan (mai kama da bayyanar da girman zuwa ƙananan), wanda za’a iya gani a sauƙaƙe a bayan lebe, da ƙananan – ƙananan ƙananan hakora biyu, kusan ba a iya bambanta hakora da ke tsaye a bayan manyan. Manya-manyan incisors suna da tushen tsayin tsayi mai tsayi, yayin da ƙananan incisors suna da madaidaicin tushe da ƙarami. Zomo yana buƙatar incisors don cizon guntun abinci (yawanci ciyawa ko ciyawa) na tsawon da ake bukata don ya tauna.
- Tauna hakora. An raba su zuwa premolars (ƙaryacin molars) da molars. Bambance-bambancen su ya ta’allaka ne kawai a cikin tsarin halittar jiki – bayyanar, tsari da manufar waɗannan hakora kusan iri ɗaya ne. Haɗin su ya zama rukuni ɗaya na gama-gari dangane da ayyukansu. Tushen tauna haƙoran suna da tsayi sosai, kuma suna shiga cikin ƙasusuwan muƙamuƙi da kwanyar kai. Sama da dozin dozin biyu ne zomo na ado ke amfani da shi don manufar tauna abinci. Waɗannan haƙoran suna juya abinci zuwa baƙin ciki, kuma hanyar tauna kanta tana kama da dutsen niƙa.
Sabanin abin da aka sani, tsarin niƙa ƙwanƙwasa da premolars ba a sauƙaƙe ta hanyar taurin abinci ba, amma ta hanyar tauna kai tsaye.
A kan babba da ƙananan jaws, hakora na zomo na ado suna samuwa a cikin daidaituwa, amma adadin su ya bambanta – 16 hakora suna girma a saman, kuma 12 a kasa. An bayyana wannan bambanci ta hanyar rashin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi da ƙananan adadin premolars.
A kowane gefe na muƙamuƙi na sama akwai ƙaƙƙarfan babba da ƙarami, sannan kuma diastima – sararin samaniya mara haƙori da aka samu saboda rashi a cikin zomaye. Bayan shi, akwai premolars da molars guda uku. Ƙananan muƙamuƙi yana da tsari mai zuwa da adadin hakora: 1 babban incisor, 2 molars na ƙarya da 3 molars.
Dukansu incisors da molars na zomaye, sabanin rodents, suna girma a duk rayuwarsu – suna girma har zuwa santimita 1 a wata. Enamel kuma ya bambanta – mai karfi da kwanciyar hankali a waje, mai laushi kuma mai dacewa a ciki, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsarin nika na halitta.
Cizo
Tsarin dentoalveolar na zomaye na ado yana da ƙayyadaddun tsarin jiki. Ana siffanta shi da fitowa gaba manyan incisors na sama, yana rufe ƙananan ƙananan, ƙananan nau’i-nau’i ta yadda zai zama matsala ga mai gida ba tare da ilimi na musamman don gano shi ba. Kuma wannan “mafi rinjaye” biyu na incisors ne ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samuwar cizon da ya dace.
Duk da haka, saboda wani dalili ko wani, tsarin samuwar ba koyaushe yana tafiya cikin sauƙi ba, kuma ana iya samun karkatattun abubuwa waɗanda ake iya gani a fili har ma ga novice mai kiwon zomo. Dangane da haka, likitocin dabbobi sun bambanta nau’ikan cizon zomaye na ado iri uku:
- Na al’ada. Lokacin nazarin hakoran zomo daga gefe, a bayyane yake cewa hakora na sama, kamar yadda suke, suna rufe ƙananan. Lokacin da aka duba daga gaba – ƙananan hakora suna bi kawai bayan babba. Wannan yanayin yana nuna cewa cizon ya yi daidai, kuma baya buƙatar kowane matakan.
- Kai tsaye. A wannan yanayin, hakoran hakora na babba suna sama da hakora na ƙananan, don haka suna samar da wani nau’i na “bango”. Wannan halin da ake ciki lokaci ne na tuntubar likitan dabbobi don neman shawara.
- Ba daidai ba. Irin wannan cizon yana tare da akasin tsarin halitta na tsarin dentoalveolar. Gaba ba na sama ba ne, amma ƙananan hakora na zomo. Gabaɗaya, ra’ayi yayi kama da bakin bulldog.
Nau’o’i biyu na ƙarshe na cizon na iya haifar da matsala mai yawa ba kawai ga mai dabba ba, har ma ga mafi yawan abin kunne. Don haka, dole ne a kula da daidaiton cizon a hankali.
Cututtuka na hakora a cikin zomo na ado
Ramin baka na zomaye yana buƙatar ƙarin hankali, saboda hakora sune diddige Achilles na waɗannan dabbobi. Saboda wasu dalilai, cututtukan hakori na iya tasowa waɗanda ke buƙatar taimako ba kawai daga mai shi ba, har ma daga gwani.
Malocclusion
Bayani. Cin zarafin daidaitaccen lamba tsakanin hakora na ƙananan muƙamuƙi da babba, yana haifar da ƙarshen aiwatar da niƙa na halitta. A lokaci guda kuma, hakora masu girma a koyaushe suna cutar da harshe, kunci da gumakan zomo, wanda ke haifar da ciwo mai yawa da rashin jin daɗi.
- Abincin da ba daidai ba. A cikin daji, zomaye suna ɗaukar akalla mintuna 5 don cin abinci. Dabbar ta cinye wani yanki na ciyawa a cikin mintuna 7, yayin da ciyawa na iya ɗaukar mintuna 15. Busasshen abinci mai gauraye, wanda masu kunne na zamani ba su damu da shi ba, zomo yana taunawa cikin mintuna kaɗan. Bugu da ƙari, yawan abinci mai gina jiki, abinci mai yawan kalori da sauri yana gamsar da jin yunwa. A sakamakon haka, minti 5 na ci gaba da taunawa, wajibi ne don hakora masu lafiya, juya zuwa minti 1-2. Kuma shirye-shiryen ciyarwa a zahiri ba su ƙunshi gishirin siliki ba, waɗanda ke lalata dabi’a.
Kowa ya san cewa calcium kayan gini ne na hakora. Duk da haka, saboda wasu dalilai, yawancin masu kiwon zomo suna watsi da wannan ma’adinai lokacin tattara menu na yau da kullum don dabbar kunne.
- Malocclusion. Wasu nau’ikan na zomaye masu ado suna da haɗari ga malocclusion, alal misali, wakilan lop-eared su.
- Raunin Rashin cin zarafi na rufe jaws sau da yawa shine sakamakon raunin da ya faru na tsarin dentoalveolar da dabba ke fama da shi da kuma rashin warkar da raunuka.
- Cututtuka. Cututtukan kwayoyin cuta da ke shafar tushen hakora na iya canza alkiblar girma.
Bayyanawa:
- Rashin ci. A wasu lokuta, ana kiyaye ci, amma nan da nan bayan fara cin abinci, dabbar ta daina ci. A sakamakon haka, dabbar na iya rasa nauyi.
- Cin zarafin tsaftar mutum. Zomo yana daina tsefewa da gogewa.
- Ciwon caecotrophs. Tsayawa zomo daga cin najasa yana nuna matsala tare da incisors.
- ƙin abinci mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Zomo ya fi son abinci mai laushi.
- Furrows a kan hakora. Rashin cin zarafi na alli yana haifar da raguwar murfin enamel.
- Duhuwar hakora. Launin tushen ɓangaren hakora masu ƙarfi yana canzawa daga kodadde launin toka zuwa duhu.
- Matsalolin haɗiye. Keɓancewar tsarin hadiyewa da tauna abinci yana da halayyar rashin daidaituwa. Wani lokaci zomaye sukan fara tauna haka, ba tare da abinci ba.
- Rashin aikin hanji. Tare da rashin motsin hanji.
- Lachrymation. Tare da wannan cuta, kumburi a cikin sinuses na iya tasowa.
- Salivation Halin malocclusion na molars, salivation yana faruwa ne saboda matsalolin da ke tasowa tare da rufe baki da kumburi na mucosa. Gishiri yana yawan jika, fata a wuraren da ke da yawa yana ƙonewa.
- Wanke hakora. Wannan sauti mara kyau yana nuna rashin jin daɗi da jin zafi da dabba ke ji.
- Rauni a cikin kogon baka. Dogayen hakora suna cutar da ƙwayoyin mucous, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar zub da jini da kumburi.
- Suppuration. Ƙarfafa haɓakar kumburi yana cike da bayyanar edema da ƙura.
Magani. Wannan cuta bata da magani. Abin da kawai za ku iya yi shi ne tuntuɓar likitan dabbobi. Anan, idan ya cancanta, ƙwararren na iya datsa hakora zuwa girman al’ada.
Ba za a iya kaifin zomaye a gida ba. Dole ne ƙwararren ƙwararren ya aiwatar da hanyar ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. Maganin kai na malocclusion zai haifar da cikakken lalata hakora.
Menene malocclusion, da kuma yadda ake bi da shi a asibitocin dabbobi, an nuna a cikin bidiyon da ke ƙasa:
Girman tushen
Bayani. Rashin cin zarafi na ma’adinai yana haifar da rauni na nama na kasusuwa da kuma karuwa a cikin ɓangaren tushen hakora. Tushen da aka yi girma na ƙananan muƙamuƙi suna cike da ƙarancin lafiyayyen buguwar tubercles, kuma tsarin tafiyar matakai a cikin muƙamuƙi na sama yana haifar da:
- epiphora – m lacrimation;
- dacryocystitis – ci gaban wani tsari mai kumburi a cikin jakar lacrimal.
Dalilan:
- Rashin ma’adanai a cikin abinci. Ƙananan abun ciki na calcium a cikin abincin dabba da rashin daidaituwa na fluorine da calcium sau da yawa yana haifar da ci gaban ilimin cututtuka. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana lura da wannan hoton a cikin zomaye, wanda abincinsa ba shi da daidaituwa kuma ya ƙunshi yawancin masara, alkama da Peas.
- Cin zarafin sha na alli. Kumburi daga cikin hanji, cututtuka, kazalika da shan kashi na ado zomo da parasites (coccidiosis, tsutsotsi, da dai sauransu) kai ga matsaloli a cikin alli sha. Wani lokaci dalilin matsaloli shine tabarbarewar metabolism da canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru.
Bayyanawa:
- tubercles. Samuwar tubercles a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi a yankin tushen molars shine mafi girman alamar cutar.
- Lachrymation. Hawayen dabbobi akai-akai wanda baya tafiya da kansa.
- Conjunctivitis da keratitis. Zai iya faruwa tare da ci gaban tushen muƙamuƙi na sama.
- Malocclusion. Kamar yadda incisors, da molars da premolars.
Jiyya:
- Daidaita cin abinci. Mai shi na dabba dole ne ya koyi yadda za a yadda ya kamata da abin da za a ciyar da zomo na ado. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa dabbobin da ke da tushen tushen suna buƙatar roughage tare da babban abun ciki na alli.
- Magungunan anti-mai kumburi – Traumatin, Traumel, Engystol da Echinacea Compositum.
- Maganin rigakafi tare da bayyanar purulent matakai. Ana wanke idanu tare da maganin Furacilin, yin amfani da man shafawa na ido tare da maganin rigakafi, alal misali, Tetracycline.
- Abubuwan da ke motsa jiki – Gamavit, Catozal, Cyanofor.
- Shirye-shirye don daidaita aikin hanji – Liarsin, Veracol, Nux Vomica-Homaccord.
Abscesses da suppurations
Bayani. Suppuration a cikin kanta matsala ce mai tsanani, mai cike da rashin jin daɗi da wuyar magani. Duk da haka, ƙurji yana kawo matsala da yawa – kumburi mai kumburi na kyallen takarda, wanda ke da alaƙa da samuwar cavities da lalacewar kwayan cuta. Abscesses ba kawai haifar da rashin jin daɗi na ɗan lokaci ba a cikin nau’in jin zafi a cikin dabba da haɓakar maye, amma ba tare da magani ba, babu makawa suna haifar da guba na jini da mutuwa.
Dalilan:
- Lalacewar injina. Pathology na iya faruwa a sakamakon rauni a lokacin yankan hakora, sha da kaifi abubuwa, cizo, scratches, lalacewa ga harshe, kunci da gumis a kan kaifi gefuna na overgrown hakora.
- Cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru. Malfunctions a cikin ma’adinai metabolism, raunana rigakafi, asarar hakori enamel, girma daga cikin tushen hakora da kuma ci gaban caries, bar ba tare da kula, sau da yawa kai ga abscesses.
Bayyanawa:
- Kumburi. Yana faruwa a lokuta na wuri mara zurfi.
- Ciwo
- Salivation
- Rashin ci har zuwa cikakken ƙin abinci.
- Ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin yanki na suppuration.
- A cikin lokuta masu tasowa – karuwa a cikin yawan zafin jiki na zomo.
Jiyya:
- Aiki. Ana buƙatar tiyata don buɗe ƙurji. Dangane da girman ci gaban pathology da …
