Oidium akan inabi: alamu da hanyoyin magani

Cutar da aka sani ga masu lambu da masu lambu da ake kira oidium yana haifar da naman gwari na marsupial. Cutar ta lalata inflorescences, tendrils, ganye da berries na inabi, suna bunƙasa a cikin bushe da yanayi mai zafi, sabili da haka, a cikin Rasha, wuraren rarraba ta suna iyakance.

Abin da yake kama da: bambanta fasali

Oidium sananne ne a duk ƙasashen da ake noman inabi, ana kuma kiransa mildew powdery, lilin, ashtray. Dalilin kamuwa da cuta a cikin inabi shine naman gwari Oidium tuckeri.

Alamun cutar suna bayyana a gefen babba na ganye – launin rawaya suna bayyana tare da suturar ash-launin toka, har ma da farar fata. A karkashin wannan plaque, necrosis na nama mai rai yana faruwa. Ciwon foliage ya lalace, amma ya kasance a kan harbe. Sa’an nan kuma kamuwa da cuta yana shafar ƙananan harbe – suna samar da necrosis mai mahimmanci, mai saurin girma.

Rashin cin nasara a farkon matakai yana haifar da launi ya fadi, harbe-harbe da aka shafa ba su da isasshen ƙarfi don cikakken balaga, kuma ba za su iya jure lokacin hunturu ba. Kamuwa da cuta tare da oidium a wani kwanan wata yana haifar da berries an rufe shi da launin toka-fari – duk tsarin necrotic iri ɗaya yana faruwa a ƙarƙashinsa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun fara fashe, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana fallasa tsaba. Idan kamuwa da cuta ya faru bayan samuwar ‘ya’yan itace, to, fashewa ba ya faruwa. Madadin haka, abin rufe fuska mai kama da ray yana bayyana akan fatar ‘ya’yan itacen. Plaque yana juya zuwa tashar wucewa don shigar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa – nau’ikan rot.

Siffar sifa ta oidium ba cikakkiyar rauni ba ce ta hannu, amma sassan sa ne kawai.

Domin naman gwari ya ninka da kyau, yana buƙatar yanayi masu dacewa:

zazzabi a cikin kewayon digiri 20-25;
babban zafi a matakin 60-80%;
bushewar yanayi tare da dogon lokacin bushewa.

A lokaci guda, mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na rhizopus don girma da haɓaka shine rage digiri 5. Amma a +30 ° C da sama, naman gwari ya mutu. Hakanan yana faruwa idan yanayin zafi ya faɗi ƙasa da 40%. Mycelium yana tsira da aminci lokacin hunturu a cikin innabi buds don fara ayyukansu na lalata a farkon bazara. Cutar mildew na foda tana yawanci fallasa zuwa:

tsire-tsire masu girma a kan bankunan ruwa;
tsire-tsire masu rauni waɗanda ba su da danshi na ƙasa;
tsire-tsire masu yawa suna fuskantar rashin samun iska tsakanin tsire-tsire;
Itacen inabi da ke tsiro da yardar kaina, ba tare da samuwar bushes a kan trellis ba, wanda kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar danshi a cikin foliage da harbe.

An yi cutarwa

An kawo powdery mildew (Oidium) zuwa nahiyar Eurasian daga Arewacin Amurka. An fara gano oidium a Ingila. An rubuta wannan a cikin 1845. Bayan wannan kwanan wata ne oidium ya yi tafiya cikin nasara a cikin ƙasar, ya mamaye dukan nahiyar na tsawon shekaru biyar. A sakamakon haka, kamuwa da cuta ya juya ya zama annoba, wanda masana kimiyya suka iya dakatar da su ta hanyar gano hanyar da za a magance wannan “lalacewa” – sulfur.

A yayin neman maganin, mun gano irin barazanar oidium ga inabi:

raguwa mai kaifi a cikin yawan aiki;
rashin dacewa da inabi don amfani.

Dole ne a cire duk wuraren da abin ya shafa, in ba haka ba ɓangaren litattafan almara, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, sabili da haka ruwan inabi, zai sami dandano mara kyau da ƙanshi na m. Kuma gaskiyar cewa kamuwa da oidium yana haifar da bayyanar wasu ƙwayoyin cuta yana da ban sha’awa musamman. Powdery mildew yana girma a tsakiyar lokacin rani.

Don tabbatar da sakamakon gwajin gani, ana yin ƙarin bincike a ƙarƙashin na’urar hangen nesa. An yanke ganyen da aka lalace: an raba hyphae daga farantin ganye tare da allura na musamman. Ana shafa digo na ruwa a kan faifan gilashi, ana sanya hyphae a ciki kuma a bincika a ƙarƙashin na’urar hangen nesa. Hyphae tare da spores (condienophores) suna tsaye tsaye, kuma spores suna kama da sarƙoƙi.

Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, tsofaffin berries da naman gwari ya shafa na iya ci gaba da haɓakawa, amma waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa ne waɗanda za a iya zubar da su kawai – ba su dace da abinci ba.

Yadda za a warkar da inabi?

Ana yin rigakafin rigakafin cututtukan inabi a farkon bazara, nan da nan bayan an fara girma da yawa na vegetative. Wannan ya fi zama dole idan an riga an lura da kamuwa da cuta. A cikin shekaru masu tsawo na yaki da oidium, yawancin hanyoyin gwagwarmaya na jama’a an ɓullo da su, ban da shirye-shiryen fungicidal na musamman.

Mutane da yawa suna zaɓar hanyoyin jama’a don magance mildew powdery. Masu adawa da amfani da ilmin sinadarai a kan makircinsu kuma masu sha’awar samfuran da ke da alaƙa da muhalli suna yin wannan nau’in tunkarar harin Oidium tuckeri.

Tasirin irin waɗannan samfuran a bayyane yake ƙasa da fungicides, kuma dole ne a aiwatar da maganin sau da yawa, amma juriya da juriya koyaushe suna haifar da sakamako mai kyau.

Jiko na humus. Mako guda kafin aiki, ya zama dole a zuba humus da aka siffa tare da ruwan dumi, abin toshe kwalaba da kuma sanya shi a cikin duhu don kwanaki 6. Sa’an nan kuma, bayan ƙarewar lokaci, sakamakon da aka samu yana tacewa kuma ana amfani dashi don sarrafa bushes a cikin girgije, yanayin kwanciyar hankali, ya fi dacewa a yi haka da yamma. Ana yin irin wannan spraying fiye da sau ɗaya – ana maimaita shi bayan mako guda kuma na ƙarshe – kafin fure. Ana kula da wuraren da abin ya shafa musamman mako-mako.
Ash jiko. Ana diluted rabin guga na tokar itace da lita 7 na ruwa. Bayan haka, dole ne a tafasa maganin don minti 20. Bayan an shirya abun da ke ciki, an diluted da lita 7 na ruwa kuma an ƙara sabulu mai ruwa – 100 g. Ana bada shawarar yin jiyya tare da wannan jiko daga rabi na biyu na lokacin rani sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru goma.
Soda bayani. Wannan abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa, yana da cikakken aminci kuma ana iya amfani dashi a kowane lokaci yayin lokacin girma (flowering, ripening). Don shirya shi, ana narkar da cokali 5 na soda burodi a cikin ruwan zafi, an ƙara 15-20 saukad da na aidin. Sakamakon abun da ke ciki yana ƙara da ruwa, yana ƙara shi zuwa lita 10. Bayan haka, an ƙara bayani na potassium permanganate, yana kawo ruwa zuwa launin ruwan hoda mai haske. A ƙarshe, ƙara 40 ml na narkar da sabulun wanki. Ana kula da dasa shuki tare da maganin soda sau 5 a kowace kakar, idan ya cancanta, ana ƙara yawan mita. Ana aiwatar da jiyya ta farko kwanaki 7 kafin fure, sannan mako-mako.
Jiko na horsetail. Ana girbe Horsetail nan da nan kafin dafa abinci, an murƙushe shi kuma an zuba shi da ruwa, dangane da lissafin 100 g a kowace lita 1. Sakamakon cakuda yana dagewa don kwana ɗaya, sa’an nan kuma a tafasa don daya da rabi zuwa sa’o’i biyu, tace, sanyaya, diluted da ruwa 1: 5 kuma ana sarrafa inabi. Ana aiwatar da tsarin kowane mako a duk lokacin girma. Abun da ke ciki yana riƙe da kaddarorinsa na mako guda idan an adana shi a cikin duhu, wuri mai sanyi.
Maganin whey. Ana hada ruwan magani da ruwa da misalin karfe 1:10 sannan a rika feshi kowane mako da shi.

Tare da taimakon fasahar aikin gona da ta dace, zaku iya rage haɗarin cutar oidium a cikin inabi.

Matakan da aka ɗauka:

zaɓin kayan dasa shuki shine abu na farko da ya kamata a mai da hankali kan lokacin shirya sabon shuka, yakamata a ba da fifiko ga nau’ikan masu jure cututtuka;
kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin bushes da layuka: kauri shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da bayyanar mildew powdery;
Wajibi ne a dasa shuki a kan lokaci da tsinke, da kuma ɓarkewar ganye a cikin yankin da gungu ya ke;
garter, daidai samuwar daji, ƙungiyar trellises da mafi kyawun wuri na harbe a kai.

Daidaitaccen watering da weeding ba su da mahimmanci a cikin hadaddun matakan agrotechnical gaba ɗaya – inabi ba sa son zubar ruwa, amma suna buƙatar ƙarin ban ruwa a lokacin bushewa. Ciyawa da ciyawa za su taimaka wajen riƙe abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa don itacen inabi da kiyaye ƙasa daga bushewa da fashe.

Bayanin magunguna masu tasiri

Ana yin maganin farko a lokacin kumburin koda. A wannan lokacin ne tsire-tsire suka fi gane sulfate na ƙarfe a cikin abin da ya dace. Kamar duk sauran jiyya na foliar, hanya ya kamata a gudanar da shi da sassafe ko da yamma a cikin kwanciyar hankali.

Ana yin maimaita fesa a gaban ganye 4-6 akan harbin. Wannan shine lokacin amfani da sulfur, mahadi sulfur. Idan an yi amfani da sulfur kai tsaye, to dole ne a yi ƙasa kuma a sieve, juya abu a cikin foda. A kan guga na ruwa amfani da 30-40 grams. Ba a yin fesa tare da sulfur a cikin yanayin sanyi – mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama digiri +20.

Idan an kafa lokacin sanyi, kuma ya zama dole don kawar da cutar, zaka iya maye gurbin sulfur tare da wasu kwayoyi da aka nuna a cikin tebur.

Babban haɗari a lokacin feshi shine samun shukar tana ƙonewa daga hasken rana kai tsaye, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake samun shawarwarin fesa da safe ko yamma, lokacin da hasken rana ya rasa ƙarfi.

Kuna iya amfani da shirye-shiryen microbiological “Fitosporin”. Babban amfaninsa shine ikon sarrafa shuka a kowane lokaci ( bazara, rani, kaka), lokacin fure da ripening, fruiting.

Wadanne iri ne suke da juriya?

Jerin nau’ikan da suka yi nasarar tsayayya da oidium suna da girma sosai, don haka ga wasu misalai:

“Aligote”;
“Kara Janjal”;
“Semillion”;
“Merlot”;
Malbec;
Kishmish Vatican;
duk hybrids na Vostorg iri-iri;
“Kishmish Zaporozhye”;
“Farar Mu’ujiza”;
“Muscat karammiski”;
“Golden Don”.

Tun da fungi daga dangin rhizopus yana daya daga cikin manyan abokan gaba na inabi, ana ba da hankali ba kawai ga samar da matakan kariya ba, har ma da aikin kiwo. Haɓaka nau’ikan juriya yana cikin jerin sakamakon da ake so a cikin aikin masu shayarwa.

Nasiha da Rigakafi

Don haɓakar inganci mai inganci ga hare-haren ƙwayoyin fungal, ba kawai jiyya na shuka ake buƙata ba. Rigakafi mataki ne na wajibi, hanya mai inganci da inganci don rigakafin cututtuka a yankin.

Jerin matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da:

tattara tilas da kona ganye da gungun marasa lafiya;
sanitary da siffata pruning, da yin amfani da jan karfe ko baƙin ƙarfe sulfate don lura da sutura iri, kazalika da m ƙasa.

A cikin bazara, ana buƙatar jiyya na fungicides ko amfani da hanyoyin jama’a, a lokacin rani – ɓarkewar ƙwayar ciyayi don tabbatar da samun iska.