Menene rot a kan inabi da kuma yadda za a magance shi?

Inabi, kamar kowane tsire-tsire, suna da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka, daga cikinsu za a iya bambanta rot. Ba a la’akari da cutar ta kowa ba, amma idan mai kula da lambu ya ci karo da shi a kalla sau ɗaya, to yana ɗaukar ƙoƙari mai yawa don fitar da shi. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu dubi nau’in rot da yadda ake magance shi.

Bayani da iri

Cutar ta haifar da fungi na pycnidial Phoma reniformis da Phoma uvicola. Cutar na iya lalata kusan dukkanin amfanin gona, ba wai kawai gungu da itacen inabi masu ‘ya’yan itace ba, har ma da harbe duka. Akwai nau’ikan rot da yawa. Mafi na kowa a cikin amfanin gona na ‘ya’yan itace shine ɓataccen launin toka. Yana da haɗari ga duk shuka a cikin lambun. Ba za a iya fitar da inabi marasa lafiya zuwa waje da adana su ba. Idan babu magani, zai iya mutuwa gaba daya.

Ana iya ganin ɓarkewar launin toka nan da nan akan ‘ya’yan itacen a cikin nau’in tabo mai ruwan shuɗi waɗanda ke bazu cikin goga. Sa’an nan kuma ya fara mutuwa lokacin da wani datti mai launin toka ya bayyana akan berries, wanda yayi kama da karammiski.

Idan naman gwari ya bayyana kafin ‘ya’yan itacen ya cika, har yanzu a kan inflorescences, to sun bushe kafin su fara. Saboda wannan cuta, dandano na Berry yana raguwa sosai.

Baƙar fata yana da haɗari sosai; gonakin inabin da suke girma kusa da gawar ruwa suna iya kamuwa da cutar. Irin wannan ruɓe yana bayyana saboda lalacewar injina ga gangar jikin ko ‘ya’yan itace. Musamman haɗari sune lalacewa waɗanda aka karɓa da yamma ko lokacin canjin danshi da zafin jiki. Cutar tana shafar ƙananan sassan daji. Alamun waje na cutar suna bayyana a watan Mayu-Yuni. Farin rot yana rinjayar amfanin gona da kashi 50%, ana iya gane shi ta launin haske na kwasfa, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama launin ruwan kasa-blue. An rufe gaba dayan goga kamar tare da murfin karammiski. ‘Ya’yan itacen da suka kamu da cutar ba su dace da ci ba, suna rasa ɗanɗanonsu masu daɗi kuma suna da ɗaci, bayan ɗan lokaci goga ya bushe ya faɗi. Ire-iren innabi waɗanda ke da siraran fata suna da saurin kamuwa da cutar ruɓewar acid. A lokacin lokacin girma, mafi yawan ciyawa bunches na iya zama ƙarƙashin bayyanar gardamar ‘ya’yan itace.

Kwarin ba wai kawai yana ciyarwa a kan ɓangaren litattafan inabi ba, amma har ma yana lalata yanayi don faruwar cututtukan fungal. Ana iya ganin alamun cutar ta yadda Berry ya lalace, ya zama an rufe shi da launin ja-launin ruwan kasa, wanda daga ciki akwai ƙanshin vinegar. Aspergillus rot yana lalata amfanin gona kusan gaba ɗaya. Duk bunches na inabi suna da saukin kamuwa da naman gwari. Hakanan cutar tana da haɗari ga sauran tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Da farko, gungu na inabi suna haskakawa, sannan su sami launi mai duhu. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna raguwa, sa’an nan kuma fashe, suna juya zuwa wani bluish-brown taro. Root rot kuma cuta ce ta fungal, fasalin irin wannan cuta shine yana da ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Waɗannan su ne fungi na ƙwayoyin cuta na wani tsari daban-daban. Naman gwari yana shiga ƙarƙashin haushi ko itacen inabi na inabi, sa’an nan kuma a cikin akwati kuma ya warware itace gaba daya. A cikin tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, gangar jikin ya zama launin ruwan kasa.

Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa

Babban abin da ke haifar da rubewa shi ne danshi mai yawa, wanda ke fitowa daga tsawan ruwan sama ko kuma yawan shayarwa. Abu mai mahimmanci na biyu shine yanayin zafin jiki tare da naman gwari. Saboda ƙoshin ɗanɗano, berries yana kumbura kuma yana fashe. Ana cinye shi ta hanyar wasps da sauran kwari na lambu, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haifuwa na yanayin cutar.

Godiya ga su, naman gwari na pathogenic yana shiga cikin Berry a cikin nau’i na spores ko mycelium. Saboda danshi da yanayin yanayi, yana tsiro a cikin shuka kuma yana yaduwa zuwa wasu. Hanyoyin bayyanar cututtuka na waje suna magana game da yawan yaduwar naman gwari a cikin kyallen takarda.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan alamun sun riga sun bayyana a ƙarshen cutar, lokacin da sporulation ya fara. A wannan mataki ne shuka ya zama tushen kamuwa da cuta.

Babban fasali

Alamomin lalacewa sun dogara da nau’in innabi. Babban bayyanar ita ce aibobi da rot a kan berries waɗanda ba su da kyau ga inabi masu lafiya. Saboda ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta, suna yin laushi, tarwatsa kuma sun juya zuwa wani nau’i na mushy na launi daban-daban. Alal misali, saboda launin toka mai launin toka, berries an fara rufe su da launin ruwan kasa, da ganye tare da launin toka, sa’an nan kuma sun bushe gaba daya. Idan cutar ta fara ne lokacin da inabin ya riga ya cika, to, an rufe su da aibobi masu duhu, wanda sai ya juya launin ruwan kasa.

Alamun rubewar fari fari ne a jikin ‘ya’yan itacen da ya shafa, wanda ke raguwar girma, haka nan ganyen ya kamu da cutar ya yi duhu bayan lokaci, sannan ya bushe. Wani lokaci irin waɗannan aibobi suna bayyana akan harbe. Idan kun ji wari mai tsami daga ‘ya’yan inabi kuma ku ga kasancewar babban adadin midges ko wasps, to wannan alama ce ta alamar acid rot lalacewa ga al’ada. Don tushen rot, alamar farko na yanayin cutar shine cewa a cikin ƙananan daji na daji ganye ya zama ƙanana da rawaya, babu ‘ya’yan itace. Naman gwari yana mutuwa idan fari ya fara, amma lokacin da danshi ya shiga, sai ya fara girma a cikin tushen inabi. A cikin shekaru 2-3, zaku iya rasa shuka mai lafiya.

Fiye da magani?

Shirye-shirye

• Don maganin kowane nau’in rot, mafi inganci shine sunadarai. “Topaz” shine maganin fungicides na yau da kullun akan kowane nau’in rot, da cututtukan fungal. Ana iya amfani dashi don dalilai na rigakafi da na warkewa. Godiya ga penconazole mai aiki, haifuwa na naman gwari yana tsayawa ta hanyar toshe haifuwa na spores. Ana fesa wakili tare da daji na inabi, godiya ga abin da abubuwan da ke cikinsa suka shiga cikin kyallen takarda na shuka da sauri. Ba ya tsoron ko dai matsanancin zafin jiki ko tsawan lokaci hazo. A lokacin prophylaxis, ana kiyaye shuka tsawon makonni 8, kuma don dalilai na magani, tasirin sa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 14. Magungunan yana da cikakken aminci ga mutane da ƙudan zuma.
• Ana iya amfani da paracelsus fungicide don sarrafa ruɓar innabi don ceton shuka. Ana amfani da wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi na tsarin sadarwa na duniya ba kawai don magani ba, amma har ma don rigakafin cutar. Babban aiki sashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi ne flutriafol, wanda tsarin da contactally yakar cutar. Lokacin yin hulɗa tare da phytopathogen, miyagun ƙwayoyi yana rushe haɗin bangon tantanin halitta na naman gwari kuma yana dakatar da ci gaban mycelium, kuma a lokacin ƙaura an halicci wani girgije a kusa da al’adun da aka bi da shi, wanda ke kare shuka daga yanayin. Ana shigar da wakili a cikin kyallen inabi a cikin rabin sa’a bayan fesa kuma ana rarraba shi a ko’ina cikin dukkan sassansa, gami da sabbin harbe. “Paracelsus” yana da juriya ga ruwan sama da shayarwa. Yana kiyaye shuka daga fungi pathogenic da microbes na kwanaki 45. Samfurin yana hulɗa da kyau tare da sauran magungunan kashe qwari.
• Fungicide “Buzzer” ya bayyana kaddarorin kariya wanda ke taimakawa ba kawai hana cutar ba, har ma da kawar da bayyanarsa. Ya ƙunshi fluazinam, wanda ke aiki akan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyoyi biyu. Yana hana musanya makamashi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta, yana dakatar da germination na spore da mahimman ayyukan su. Don fara aikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, kawai kuna buƙatar fesa shi a kan shuka. A cikin kwanaki 7-14, za a kiyaye shi daga lalacewa ta hanyar rot da fungi na pathogenic.

Magungunan suna da rinjaye a kan wasu, saboda baya haifar da jaraba da juriya a cikin nau’in pathogen. Wakilin ba shi da tasirin phytotoxic.

Maganin jama’a

A cikin yaki da rot, zaka iya amfani da hanyoyin jama’a waɗanda suke da tasiri kawai a farkon matakan da kuma rigakafin cutar. Ana iya yin fesa tare da manganese da soda. Ana ƙara manganese a cikin guga na ruwa don ya sami launin ruwan hoda da kyar. Ana ƙara 70 g na soda zuwa wannan bayani. Ana kula da samfurin da aka gama tare da daji na inabi a bushe da yanayin rashin rana.

Har ila yau, ana amfani da kwayoyin lactic acid don hana faruwar lalacewa. Don yin wannan, ɗauki whey kuma tsoma shi da ruwa 1: 2. Ana bi da shuka tare da maganin da aka gama. Ana kuma amfani da jiko na tafarnuwa don yaƙar cutar. Don yin wannan, ana zuba tafarnuwa mai nauyin 100 g a cikin lita 10 na ruwa a rana ɗaya, sa’an nan kuma an bi da daji tare da wani bayani da aka shirya.

Rigakafi

Don kauce wa faruwar cutar, ya zama dole don aiwatar da matakan rigakafin lokaci da na yau da kullun. Babban yanayin ci gaban inabi mai kyau shine lokacin pruning, wanda ke inganta musayar iska da samun haske. Kada a sami ciyayi a kusa da tushen daji. Idan rauni ya faru, to ya zama dole a zubar da ganyayyaki masu cutarwa da berries masu cutarwa.

Don dalilai na rigakafi, bi da kurangar inabin da jan karfe sulfate ko wasu shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da tagulla, musamman idan lokacin rani ne ko ƙanƙara ya wuce. Idan kun takin inabin ku, to, ku zaɓi shirye-shiryen da hikima, kada ku ƙara takin mai magani. Ya kamata a gudanar da shayarwa a matsakaici kuma a yi shi tare da sassauta ƙasa. Yin amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen yana inganta rigakafin shuka.

Iri masu dorewa

Ana nuna juriya ga innabi ta nau’ikan ja, waɗanda ke ɗauke da wasu mahadi waɗanda ke danne naman gwari. Da kauri fatar berry, da ƙarancin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta. M irin berries ne m shafi wannan cuta. Don haka, ƙarancin sukari a cikin Berry, ƙarancin haɗarin da zai iya yin rashin lafiya. Ƙananan ƙananan nau’in inabi, mafi kyau yana da iska kuma yana iya samun haske, saboda haka, ba shi da sauƙi ga naman gwari na innabi.

Mafi juriya ga ruɓe sune nau’ikan innabi masu zuwa: Riesling, Cardinal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Rkatsiteli da Merlot, Chardonnay.

Duba ƙasa don ƙarin bayani.