Duk game da spraying inabi a cikin bazara

Farkon sarrafa inabi bayan buɗewa a farkon bazara ana aiwatar da shi kafin hutun toho ta hanyar fesa itacen inabi. Amma, ban da wannan ma’auni na kariya mai mahimmanci, akwai wasu hanyoyin da ke ba ku damar kare tsire-tsire daga cututtuka da kwari, yana ƙarfafa girma da ci gaban harbe. Don fahimtar yadda kuma lokacin da za a iya bi da inabi tare da sulfate na ƙarfe ko wasu sinadarai, cikakken bita tare da shirye-shiryen mataki-mataki zai taimaka.

Bukatar hanya

Fesa inabi a cikin bazara shine ma’auni mai mahimmanci don kula da tsire-tsire da shirya su don sabon kakar ‘ya’yan itace. Yawancin kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta na lambu suna yin hibernate a cikin ƙasa ko buds, tada tare da farkon kwanakin dumi. Maganin rigakafi na lokaci yana taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, yana ba da cajin immunostimulating ga tsire-tsire. Yin watsi da matakan kariya na bazara, mai shuka ya bar buɗe hanyoyin don shan kashi na inabi:

• powdery mildew, rufe ganye tare da halayyar farin shafi;
• mildew, yana ba da tabo rawaya;
• fari, launin toka ko baƙar fata;
• anthracnose.

Har ila yau, aphids, gizo-gizo mites, phylloxera iya hunturu a kan bushes. A cikin bazara, lokacin da itacen inabi ta farka, leafworms, thrips, da slugs sun fara sha’awar harbe-harbe. Alamun kamuwa da cuta daga cikin bushes duba quite a fili. Ganyayyaki da ciyayi suna nuna lalacewa ko canza launi. Akwai nakasawa, bushewa na harbe.

Duk waɗannan alamun suna buƙatar amsa nan da nan tun kafin tsire-tsire su shiga matakin fure, in ba haka ba zai yi wuya a jira girbi.

Menene hanyoyin da ake amfani da su?

Dole ne a kula da gonar inabinsa a cikin bazara don cututtuka – mildew, oidium, da kuma kwari. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da shirye-shirye masu rikitarwa, da kuma hanyoyin mutum na aikin ilimin halitta ko sinadarai.

Wasu masana’antun zamani suna samar da haɗe-haɗe na feshin kwari da fungicidal. Amma inabi kuma suna buƙatar jiyya na gida da nufin magance takamaiman tushen matsaloli.

sinadaran

Daga cikin shirye-shiryen da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafa gonar inabin a cikin bazara, hanyoyin wannan rukuni ne ke bayyana kansu fiye da sauran. Fesa tsire-tsire masu shiga lokacin girma ana iya yin su ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

• Dutsen tawada. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi a cikin fall, amma a cikin bazara irin wannan spraying zai haifar da sakamako. Fesa maganin a kan kurangar inabin da ba a sani ba.
• Copper sulfate. A cikin viticulture, ana amfani dashi a cikin hanyar maganin 3%. Sulfate na jan karfe yana aiki a cikin hadaddun hanya, yana kashe cututtukan fungal, yana korar kwari, kuma yana ba da ƙarin ciyarwa. Ana gabatar da kayan aiki a cikin nau’i na lu’u-lu’u na lu’u-lu’u, yana da lamba, aikin saman. Ana amfani dashi a cikin yaki da mildew downy, launin toka, fari da baƙar fata, anthracnose.
• Urea (urea). Wani wakili wanda shine tushen nitrogen. A cikin aikace-aikacen foliar kuma yana da kaddarorin fungicides.
• Bordeaux ruwa. Ya ƙunshi jan karfe sulfate da quicklime, wanda ke rage acidity. An yi amfani da abun da ke ciki shekaru da yawa a matsayin fungicides a cikin gonakin inabi a Bordeaux.
• Horus. Wannan maganin fungicidal yana cikin nau’in tsarin tsarin, wanda aka gabatar a cikin nau’in granules masu rarraba ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi 75% cyprodinil. Maganin yana da tasiri a kan mafi yawan cututtukan fungal – powdery mildew, spotting, rot, mildew da oidium. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari akan kurangar inabi mara kyau, kafin toho.
• Colloidal sulfur. Wannan shiri na sinadari yana da matukar tasiri a kan cututtukan fungi da kwari. Sulfur yana da illa ga oidium da mildew pathogens.
• Quadrice. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi dogara a kan azoxystrobin yana da kyau a hade tare da sauran iri fungicides. Ya dace da aiki kafin da kuma bayan flowering. Nasarar yaƙar ƙazanta da ƙazantaccen powdery mildew.
• Bi-58. Tuntuɓi maganin kwari. Yana da tasiri lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya tashi zuwa +10 digiri ko fiye. Ana narkar da ampoule a cikin guga na ruwa. Kayan aikin yana lalata mites gizo-gizo, aphids, da sauran nau’ikan kwari.
• “Ridomil Gold”. Haɗe-haɗe shiri na tsarin aiki, mai iya shiga cikin kyallen takarda. Yana da tasirin rigakafi akan yawancin cututtukan fungal. Ana yin fesa akai-akai daga lokacin da buds suka buɗe, tare da tazara na kwanaki 14.

Babban fasali na sinadarai shine iyakokin aikinsu. Wasu suna tasiri kawai tare da aikace-aikacen lamba. Da zaran ganye suka fara yin aiki a kan shuka, yana da daraja canzawa zuwa hanyoyin tarawa da fungicides na tsarin.

Halittu

Wannan rukuni na kwayoyi ya ƙunshi abubuwa waɗanda abokan gaba ne na microflora pathogenic. Ga fitattun wadanda suka shahara.

• “Mikosan”. Abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin wannan magani ana kiran su daidai da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kanta. Ana yin fesa a farkon ganye a cikin adadin 250 ml da lita 10 na ruwa. Siffar samfurin nazarin halittu haramci ne akan amfani da shi tare da wasu abubuwan ƙira. Mikosan yadda ya kamata yana hana fungal da microflora na kwayan cuta, yana lalata ƙwayoyin cuta.
• “Fitosporin-M”. Wani shiri tare da tushen ilimin halitta daga cakuda humin da hay bacillus. Ana aiwatar da aikin bazara a lokacin hutun toho, sannan kuma a ƙarshen flowering. An shirya maganin a cikin matakai 2 tare da canji a hankali.
• “Aktofit”. Samfurin ilimin halitta don fesa akan agravertin, samfurin muhimmin aiki na naman gwari na ƙasa. Maganin yana taimakawa wajen yakar mitsitsin gizo-gizo da bunch leafworm akan inabi.
• Trichodermin. Ya dogara ne akan saprophyte mai iya lalata kwayoyin halitta. Magungunan yana da tasiri akan nau’ikan cututtuka fiye da 50. Sigar saki – granules ko ruwa. Ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, wanda ya dace da haɗuwa tare da wasu kwayoyi, ana yin maganin sau biyu, a farkon ganye, sa’an nan kuma 3 makonni bayan bayyanar su.

Jama’a

Don aikin bazara na gonakin inabi, ana iya amfani da magungunan jama’a. Mafi sau da yawa ana shirya su akan abubuwan da ake samu.

• Tafarnuwa. An shirya decoction daga shugabannin girbi na bara – 100 g a kowace lita 1 na ruwa ya isa, samfurin da aka samo shi ne don 2-3 hours, tace, diluted zuwa 1,6 lita. Ana yin maganin mildew sau 2-3 tare da tazara na kwanaki 5.
• Madara. Lita na whey ko samfurin ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano ana haɗe shi da lita 10 na ruwa. Wannan fesa yana hana yaduwar powdery mildew.
• Margatsovka. Cakuda lita 10 na ruwa da 3 g na foda ya isa. Magani mai rauni yana lalata ƙasa, yana kawar da spores na cututtukan fungal. Irin wannan kayan aiki yana da lafiya don amfani ko da lokacin flowering da fruiting.

Shirye-shiryen sarrafawa

Daidaitaccen tsari don sarrafa inabi na bazara ya ƙunshi aƙalla hanyoyin 3. Na farko – baƙin ƙarfe vitriol – ana la’akari da zaɓin zaɓi, amma yawancin masu noman inabin suna amfani da su. Wajibi ne a fesa bushes a farkon bazara nan da nan bayan buɗewa, a cikin Maris, kafin buds ya buɗe, bayyanar kananan harbe. Jiyya don dalilai na rigakafi, amma tare da wasu nau’ikan kudade, ana adana su har zuwa kaka. Jadawalin spraying ya cancanci yin nazari dalla-dalla.

Babban matakan sune kamar haka.

• Bayan ɗaukar murfin. Tsire-tsire suna ɗaure, ana fesa su da mahadi na ayyuka masu rikitarwa. Ana iya maimaita spraying bayan kwanaki 10-14.
• By buɗaɗɗen buds, tare da bayyanar farkon ganye.
• A mataki na budding. A wannan lokacin ana amfani da jiyya na ƙwararru ba tare da magungunan kashe qwari ba, tare da ƙaramin adadin abubuwa masu aiki.

Halayen kowane fesa kuma suna da mahimmanci. Yana da daraja la’akari da su daki-daki.

A farkon bazara

A kan kurangar inabin da ba kowa, ana fara sarrafawa lokacin da iska a gonar inabin ta yi zafi zuwa +4 digiri Celsius da sama. A wannan lokacin, ana ɗaukar wakilai masu hulɗa waɗanda ke samar da fim mai kariya a saman itacen inabi mafi inganci. Suna aiki mafi kyau tare da rigakafin rigakafi akan naman gwari. Yana da mahimmanci don fesa kudi ba kawai a kan harbe ba, har ma a saman ƙasa, inda kwari za su iya ɓoyewa.

Idan ana amfani da sulfate na jan karfe don sarrafa bazara, an shirya maganin ne kawai a cikin kwantena marasa ƙarfe. Cakuda 50 g na foda da lita 10 na ruwa ya isa ga matasa bushes. Don itacen inabi mai girma, adadin jan karfe sulfate yana ninka sau biyu.

Ana amfani da ruwa na gonar inabin Bordeaux akan rassan rassan da ganye. Kuna iya yin cakudawar ku ta hanyar haɗa waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa:

• 300 g lemun tsami;
• 300 g na jan karfe sulfate;
• 10 l na ruwa.

An haɗa duk abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin takamaiman tsari. Na farko, ruwan yana mai zafi zuwa +60 digiri, in ba haka ba sinadaran ba za su narke ba. Sa’an nan kuma a zuba lemun tsami a kasan bokitin da ba kowa, cike da 1/5 na jimlar yawan ruwa. Wannan zai kunna tsarin bacewar sa. Na dabam, a cikin wani akwati, hada sauran ruwa tare da jan karfe sulfate. Sakamakon tushe yana zuba a cikin guga na lemun tsami. Ana haxa dukkan abubuwan da aka haɗa tare da sandar katako. Sa’an nan kuma abun da ke ciki yana sanyaya kuma tace. Bayan haka, nan da nan za ku iya ci gaba zuwa spraying, tun da ba a adana bayani na dogon lokaci. Bayan sa’o’i 5, zai canza daidaito.

Colloidal sulfur yana da tasiri ba kawai lokacin sarrafa kurangar inabi ba. Amma a farkon bazara, bayani na 40 g na foda a kowace lita 10 na ruwa yana taimakawa wajen ƙara kariya ga tsire-tsire matasa. Yawancin lokaci ana fesa su tare da magani tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan karfe. Yana da mahimmanci a la’akari da cewa abubuwan kashe kwari na colloidal sulfur sun fi bayyana a yanayin zafin jiki na akalla +18 digiri, kuma ana iya maimaita fesa yayin lokacin furanni.

Magungunan maganin kwari akan rassan da ba a san su ba, ana aiwatar da busassun kumburi tare da shirye-shiryen Vermitek ko 30B. Samfuran ba su dace da amfani ba a wasu lokuta na lokacin girma.

Ta hanyar fitowar ganye

A wannan lokacin, ana yin spraying tare da fungicides na tsarin ko samfuran halitta tare da maimaita hanyar sau 2-4. Babban matsala yana wakilta ta cututtukan fungal, ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke yaduwa da ƙarfi tare da haɓaka yanayin yanayin yanayi. Dole ne a kiyaye tsire-tsire daga mildew, oidium, anthracnose da baƙar fata. Don aiki a wannan mataki, kafin fure, ana amfani da sunadarai masu dacewa “Quadris”, “Ridomil Gold”.

Yana da mahimmanci don juya su lokaci-lokaci don guje wa haɓaka juriya ga fungicides a cikin fungi na pathogenic.

A mataki na budding

A wannan lokacin, galibi ana amfani da magungunan tsarin. Ana yin jiyya sau biyu, idan an gano alamun cutar, adadin su yana ƙaruwa har sau 4. A wannan mataki, yana da kyau a watsar da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin ni’imar Trichodermin, Mikosan da sauran samfuran halitta.