Grey mold akan inabi

Viticulture aiki ne mai amfani kuma mai ban sha’awa. Sunny berries a kan kyawawan bunches suna da dadi sosai da lafiya. Su ne ainihin ɗakunan ajiya na abubuwan da ake bukata don jiki. Amma don girma irin wannan bunches, kuna buƙatar kashe ƙoƙari da makamashi mai yawa. Ƙoƙari na musamman a cikin tsarin girma yana buƙatar yaƙi da cututtuka da yawa na wannan shuka. Game da abin da ke da launin toka, yadda yake kama da abin da ake nufi da shi, kuma za a tattauna.

Abin da yake kama da: bambanta fasali

Grey rot yana nufin cututtukan fungal na bushes na innabi. Mafi sau da yawa yana bayyana inda tsire-tsire suke da kauri sosai. Abin da ake bukata don bayyanar wannan ciwon shine dumi, yanayin zafi. Cutar tana da tsanani sosai, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin girma da ci gaban daji, hana photosynthesis.

Idan ba a dauki matakan gaggawa cikin lokaci ba, cutar za ta haifar da mutuwar amfanin gona. Sau da yawa bayyanar naman gwari yana haifar da mutuwar dukan daji.

Don fara magani a kan lokaci, ya zama dole a gane cutar da wuri-wuri.

Akwai manyan alamun launin toka mai launin toka.

• Bayyanar tabo mai launin ruwan kasa da launin toka mai launin toka akan foliage.
• Bayyanar launin ruwan kasa da launin toka shafi akan itacen inabi. A wannan yanayin, sau da yawa haushi daga itacen inabi ya fara fadowa.
• Bushewa da faduwar ganye.
• Rage ciyayi na bushes da haɓaka inflorescences. Idan kamuwa da cuta ya faru a lokacin lokacin da shuka ya kamata ya yi fure, inflorescences waɗanda ba su yi fure ba tukuna sun bushe.
• Bushewar wasu berries da peduncles. Bayyanar launin ruwan kasa spots a kan berries. Wani ɓangare na faɗuwar ovary.
• Mummification na ‘ya’yan itatuwa, da samuwar launin toka fluff a kan ruɓaɓɓen berries, bayyanar wani m wari.

Waɗannan alamun ba koyaushe suke rufe daji gaba ɗaya ba. Idan kawai inabi guda ɗaya da wasu gungu sun shafi, daji zai iya samun ceto. Amma idan shuka ya yi rashin lafiya gaba ɗaya, zai mutu.

An yi cutarwa

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan mai shuka a lokacin lokacin ‘ya’yan itace shine kare tsire-tsire daga cututtuka masu yawa. A musamman na kowa cuta a cikin gonar inabinsa ne launin toka rot. Wannan cututtukan fungal yana haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona maras misaltuwa, saboda ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu kamuwa da cuta ba su dace da ci ko sarrafa su ba.

Raunin launin toka yana haifar da lahani masu zuwa:

• yana haifar da mutuwar inflorescences, ‘ya’yan itatuwa da ganyen shuka;
• mummunan tasiri akan tsarin ciyayi, yana rage yawan turgor;
• yana tsoma baki tare da ci gaban daji na yau da kullun, yana rushe haɓakar ɓangaren ciyayi;
• ya rushe tsarin al’ada na photosynthesis;
• yana haifar da bushewa, mutuwa, ruɓewa da mutuwar tsire-tsire, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar amfanin gona.

Idan gonar inabin da ta kamu da cutar ta kasance a cikin wani yanki na zafi mai zafi, cutar ta ci gaba da sauri, ta samar da mycelium mai ƙarfi. Kwayoyin fungal suna warwatse cikin nisa mai nisa kuma da sauri suna cutar da tsire-tsire a maƙwabta, kuma galibi masu nisa, yankuna.

Wani haɗari na musamman shine ɓacin launin toka don ripening berries. Tare da wuce haddi na danshi, fata na ‘ya’yan itace ya fashe, yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban cututtukan fungal. Sau da yawa shan kashi za a iya danganta shi da ƙanƙara, wanda ta hanyar injiniya ya lalata fata na berries. Ko da wasps, suna lalata gungu, suna ba da gudummawa ga kamuwa da cuta tare da rot.

Yadda za a warkar da inabi?

Yanayin yanayi da ayyukan noma masu kyau suna da babban tasiri akan ci gaban al’ada na gonar inabin da ingancin ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Idan inabin ya fara ciwo, shiga tsakani ya zama dole. Makullin nasara shine gano cutar da wuri. Kawai a cikin wannan yanayin yana yiwuwa a adana daji da kanta da amfanin gona.

Idan an sami alamun cututtuka, ya zama dole a bincika duk gonar inabin a hankali kuma a cire ɓangarorin da suka kamu da cutar. Ana kula da wuraren da aka yanke na inabi masu cutar da wani fili na musamman. Idan an sami berries masu kamuwa da cuta, an cire dukkan gunkin.

Bayan irin wannan hanya, ana kula da bushes na ciyayi tare da shirye-shiryen magani.

A kan ƙananan bushes, ana samun nasarar amfani da magungunan jama’a.

• Baking soda. Ba shi da wata illa ga mutane kuma baya lalata ɗanɗanon ‘ya’yan itacen. A cewar masana da yawa, yana taimakawa wajen tara yawan sukari. Don samun maganin aiki, 80 g na soda an diluted a cikin guga na ruwa.

• Maganin potassium permanganate. Ana yin jiyya tare da wannan maganin sau 2 tare da tazara na makonni 2.

• Maganin Iodine. Ɗauki digo 10 na aidin a cikin guga na ruwa.

• Maganin sabulu. Ana yin fesa a cikin yanayin girgije. Don lita 10 na ruwa, ɗauki 100 g na sabulun wanki.

Magani na mustard foda, wanda aka shirya a cikin adadin 50 g na foda a kowace lita 5 na ruwa, yana aiki sosai yadda ya kamata. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar amfani da maganin ruwa na kefir ko madara a cikin adadin 1 lita na kayan kiwo a kowace lita 5 na ruwa.

Bayanin magunguna masu tasiri

Ana kuma amfani da fungicides don sarrafa launin toka. Ruwan Bordeaux yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. Ana ɗaukar hanyoyin da ke ɗauke da thiophanate-methyl ko penconazole suna da tasiri sosai. Wadannan kwayoyi suna da illa ga mutane, amma launin toka ya lalace sosai.

Masana sun kuma ba da shawarar yin amfani da Euparen, Sumilex, Rovral, Ronilan, suna la’akari da su a matsayin mafi kyau. Ana gudanar da jiyya tare da waɗannan kwayoyi ba fiye da sau 2 a wata ba. Mafi dacewa sune hadaddun fungicides waɗanda ke da fa’ida na tasirin tasiri akan cututtuka.

Ana ɗaukar wakilai masu zuwa a matsayin magunguna mafi inganci.

• “Michael”. Ana iya amfani da shi duka biyu don rigakafin rigakafi da kuma sarrafa rot ɗin launin toka kai tsaye.

• “Shafit”. Wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da guba sosai, sabili da haka, lokacin sarrafawa, wajibi ne a yi amfani da kayan kariya na sirri. Amma yana iya jure wa kowane nau’in rot, bushewar kamuwa da cuta da mildew powdery.

• “Flint”. Wani tasiri na fungicides akan cututtuka masu yawa. Wannan shiri ne mai ƙarancin guba, wanda ke ba da damar fesa shi da gonar inabinsa har zuwa sau 3 a kowace kakar.

Duk da haka, ba shi da daraja yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi sau da yawa, har ma mafi inganci. Bayan lokaci, fungi yana haɓaka daidaitawa da shi, kuma maganin ya daina aiki. A wannan yanayin, ana bada shawara don canza magungunan fungicides da aka yi amfani da su.

Wadanne iri ne suka fi kamuwa da cutar?

Zaɓin bai tsaya cak ba. Ta hanyar yunƙurin masana kimiyya, an samar da nau’ikan innabi masu juriya waɗanda za su iya jure wa cututtuka da dama, gami da ɓarkewar launin toka. Mafi saukin kamuwa da cututtuka su ne tsofaffi, sau da yawa ana ƙauna da nau’in innabi masu daɗi. Daga cikin tsire-tsire masu rauni na musamman, ya kamata a lura da nau’ikan ripening da wuri:

Riesling, Rkatsiteli, Hungarian Muscat, Italiya, White Chasselas, Cabernet Sauvignon, Aligote, Alimshak suma suna da zafi sosai. Irin waɗannan nau’ikan suna buƙatar musamman akan yanayin girma da fasahar aikin gona. Yin aiki tare da irin wannan inabi, ba shi yiwuwa a yi ba tare da jiyya na yau da kullum tare da shirye-shirye na musamman ba. Daga cikin fungicides, ana amfani da abubuwa masu dauke da tagulla.

Lokacin da ƙananan alamun cututtuka suka bayyana akan waɗannan nau’in, wajibi ne da farko don cire wuraren da suka kamu da bushes, sa’an nan kuma ci gaba da kula da tsire-tsire.

Nasiha da Rigakafi

ƙwararrun masanan sun san cewa yana da sauƙin hana cututtukan shuka fiye da bi da su daga baya. Kafin dasa gonar inabin, ya zama dole a zaɓi barga, nau’in yanki wanda zai dace da yanayin girma. Lafiyar bushes da yawan amfanin su kai tsaye ya dogara da dasa shuki mai kyau, kulawa, pruning, hanyoyin kore, tufafi na sama da jiyya na ƙasa.

Hanyoyin aikin gona da suka dace suna da matukar muhimmanci.

• Dole ne a samar da tsire-tsire da kyau tare da haske.
• Gyaran ya kamata a yi daidai kuma a kan lokaci.
• Dole ne a zaɓi taki yadda ya kamata kuma a shafa akan lokaci.
• Ya kamata a yi babban sutura bisa ga jadawalin, yayin da ba a ba da shawarar zubar da kwayoyin halitta na ruwa a ƙarƙashin bushes ba.
• Kada a sami ciyawa, busassun ganye ko ruɓaɓɓen berries a ƙarƙashin daji.
• Ya kamata gonar inabin ta kasance da iska sosai.
• Bushes suna buƙatar shayar da su akai-akai. Sake ƙasa akai-akai bayan shayarwa.
• Ya kamata ku bincika yanayin bushes akai-akai don gano cututtuka.

Ko da ba a gano cututtuka ba, ya zama dole don aiwatar da feshin rigakafi na gonar inabin bisa ga jadawalin da aka ba da shawarar. Dole ne a ɗaure vines a cikin lokaci mai dacewa, don hana hulɗar su da ƙasa don kauce wa bayyanar cututtuka na fungal.

Za ku sami ƙarin koyo game da hanyoyin magance launin toka a kan inabi a ƙasa.