By planting large-sized trees, any land plot can be turned into a beautiful garden in a short time. Gone are the days when you had to plant seedlings and wait half your life until they turn into mature trees with lush crowns. Now, at any time of the year, you can plant a plot with large-sized trees – trees whose height reaches four or more meters. A mechanized technology for transplanting large-sized trees has been developed, which allows mature trees to take root in a new place with the least loss. The use of such specialized planting and digging equipment greatly facilitates the process of landscaping the site. Trees are transported from the nursery together with a clod of earth, in which most of the root system is preserved intact.
Previously, this operation was done only in the winter, because the frozen earthen lump was easier to deliver to the destination in its original form. Currently, planting of large-sized trees is carried out all year round, as specialists have come up with ways to deliver trees with a whole lump of earth to the object. In addition, in the warm season, the owners of suburban areas can immediately recognize the species of the imported specimen, as well as appreciate the splendor of its crown and the beauty of the color of the leaves.
Landscaping companies (studios) are engaged in planting large-sized trees, since these landscaping works require special equipment, as well as specialists with knowledge in the field of biology and ecology.
In the landscaping of private suburban areas, both deciduous and coniferous large trees are used. Among deciduous trees, the following types are especially popular in landscape gardening:
- red and English oak;
- heart-leaved and small-leaved linden;
- mountain ash;
- Norway maple;
- smooth and rough elm;
- ash;
- birch weeping and fluffy.
Among the conifers, spruce, pines (cedar and common), as well as larch (European and Siberian) are in high demand. All of these trees grow on Russian territory. Exclusive species include Japanese larch, gray and Manchurian walnut, Amur velvet. These trees perfectly adapt to the conditions typical for central Russia. Fruit krupnomers should be distinguished in a separate category. This includes different varieties of apple, pear, plum, sweet cherry, apricot and other fruit trees.
Planting material is purchased not only in Russian tree nurseries, but also in foreign ones. Most often, large-sized ones are brought from the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. Naturally, imported planting material is more expensive for the customer. However, the costs incurred are paid off due to the better survival rate of imported trees, which have strong immunity and a compact, specially formed for transplantation, root system. In addition, in terms of decorative qualities, European large-sized ones are ahead of domestic specimens. Most often, the following introduced trees are used in landscaping suburban areas:
- single-color fir;
- European linden;
- birch of Zhakman;
- rowan thuringian and intermediate;
- Korean cedar pine;
- Weymouth and Rumelian pine;
- Tsuga Canadian;
- several types of maples.
Landscaping of a suburban area with evergreen coniferous trees allows not only to decorate the territory, but also to fill the air with an amazing and useful aroma of needles
Large-scale diggers are dug out with extreme caution, trying not to damage the root system and lower branches of the tree. To do this, the branches located below are tied up before starting to dig in the tree. If the woody plant selected for transplantation has diseased, broken or dry branches, then they are in no hurry to cut them. These branches act as a kind of buffer for reliable protection of the crown of an adult tree during transportation. Remove damaged branches after the tree is fixed in the planting pit.
Determine the optimal size of the earthen coma
The diameter of a round earthen lump is calculated based on the diameter of the trunk (a section of a tree trunk located at a distance of one meter from its root collar). The diameter of the clod of earth should be 10-12 times the diameter of the trunk. The exact data adopted in the international community can be found in the table, which also indicates the height of the earth clod. The dimensions of a cubic earthen ball when transplanting mature trees vary within the following limits: length, width – from 1 m to 2,5 m; height – from 0,7 m to 1 m. Small trees can be dug out manually. At the same time, it is recommended to slightly increase the standard dimensions of the earthen coma.
The digging depth is determined by the type of wood. At the same time, the peculiarities of the development of the root system of the large-sized species and the conditions for its growth are taken into account. When digging spruce growing on damp soils, the diameter of the earthen coma is 1,5 m, and the height is 0,4 m. You have to dig much deeper on light loamy soils. When digging up oak, the height of the clod of earth should be from 1 m to 1,2 m. It is best to take planting material that grows on medium and heavy loamy soils. An earthen lump from a large-sized dug on these types of soil turns out to be dense and very stable. It is also important that water from the surrounding soil is freely drawn through the small capillaries of a loamy earthy coma to the roots of a large tree placed in the planting pit.
A hydraulic jack helps to tear off the earth lump from the underlying soil, the carrying capacity of which should be in the range of 15-20 tons.
Earthen coma packaging
An earthen lump with a large-sized material extracted from the parent soil is packed in a special metal basket-container. In this container, a low tree is transported to the place of its new deployment. Upon arrival at the facility, a basket with a tree is lowered with the help of special equipment into a planting hole prepared in advance. Then the split container is pulled out to the surface, and the tree remains at the planting site.
Large-sized clods of earth are packed in metal nets or burlap. These materials allow the root system of a mature tree to remain in the parent soil during transport. In winter, the dug trees can be transported without packing an earthen ball. You just need to give a few days (from 1 to 10) to the extracted soil for freezing. The number of days depends on the size of the earthen coma and the ambient temperature. In a frozen state, a lump of earth together with a tree is delivered to the object in complete safety.
For loading and transporting large trees, you may need the following types of special equipment:
- truck cranes;
- all-terrain vehicles equipped with powerful hydraulic manipulators;
- flatbed trucks;
- tree transplants based on tractors;
- mini loaders;
- wheel loaders, single bucket loaders, etc.
Steel and textile slings, ties, carabiners and other devices are used to grip and fasten large-sized vehicles. When carrying out work on mooring (fixing) a large tree on a vehicle, they try not to damage its bark. This is only possible if the large size is hooked up behind an earthen lump or behind the packaging used. The trunk of a tree, placed along the body of a truck, is propped up with special wooden spacers. This technique allows you to preserve the crown of the tree.
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Eight-meter trees with this method of delivery rise above the road, which complicates their transportation under bridges, power lines, under the arches of tunnels. Therefore, when selecting planting material, they try to bypass too tall trees (more than 10-12 m), since their transportation is difficult and financially costly. It requires not only powerful special equipment to extract the large size, but also a long machine for its transportation. In addition, the delivery of such oversized cargo is impossible without escorting traffic police vehicles.
Choose the time for transporting planting material in the winter, taking into account the weather forecast. It is forbidden to transport trees at temperatures below minus 18 degrees, as in such conditions their branches become fragile and break.
To plant mature trees on the site, it is necessary, first of all, to clear the site for these works. Then, in accordance with the dendroplane, dig holes for planting large-sized trees. The pits are prepared in advance or just before lowering the brought trees into them. In the latter case, holes of the required size are dug out with the help of special equipment. If necessary, the soil is compacted with imported soil at the tree planting sites. After installing the large meter in the planting pit, the lump is backfilled with earth to the level of the soil surface.
Landing on the plot of a large-sized tree brought from the nursery is carried out in a hole, the dimensions of which must correspond to the dug out earth
In winter, the root collar of the tree should be just above this line. In the spring, the soil will melt, settle, and the root collar will fall into place. The last stage is associated with the installation of rope holders, which will ensure the balance of the tree during its rooting in a new place.
When placing a coniferous tree in a planting pit, it is recommended to observe the orientation to the cardinal points. This means that the branches oriented to the north in the previous place of growth of the large-sized species should be located in the new area in the same position.
Strengthening the planted tree with rope ties is carried out in order to ensure a stable position of the large-sized tree during the period of its rooting in a new place
The organization of proper care for the transplanted large-sized tree allows to ensure its survival on the land, as well as to accelerate the beginning of the growth and development of the tree.
One of the main stages of caring for transplanted large trees is the treatment of their trunks and crowns with pesticides, which prevent the reproduction of pests and the development of diseases in the surviving trees.
The specialists serving the transplanted trees produce:
- watering at the root;
- crown pruning and sprinkling;
- introduction of root and foliar dressings;
- aerating the root zone;
- improving the mechanical composition of the soil;
- deoxidation of the soil;
- loosening the soil and mulching it, both superficial and deep;
- leveling an anchored tree in spring;
- processing of trunks with special means that protect trees from pests and diseases.
With the help of mature trees, you can create any composition on the site. For professionals, it is enough to “wave a magic wand” so that a forest grows on the vacant lot, a grove appears, flat alleys are lined up, the tops of coniferous trees soar upward. The result will not be long in coming if you entrust the planting of large-sized plants to specialized companies known in the market for landscaping and landscaping services for suburban areas.
