Ba ko da yaushe da layout na lambu mãkirci ne m kuma m. Akwai yanayi lokacin da za a motsa saukowa daga wuri zuwa wuri. Dalilan wannan sun bambanta: sake ginawa, ba a samu nasarar sauka ba, gini, da sauransu. Inabi wani shrub ne mai sauƙi mai sauƙi dangane da dasawa, suna jure wa irin wannan canjin da kyau kuma suna daidaitawa da kyau. Kuna iya dasawa ba kawai matasa ba, har ma da balagagge shuke-shuke ba tare da asarar yawan amfanin ƙasa ba. Amma don cimma wannan, kuna buƙatar sanin duk nuances da ka’idodin dasawa.
Bukatar hanya
Tambayar “Shin zai yiwu a dasa inabi?” lambu ba sa tsayawa a gabansa, ya daɗe yana da amsa ɗaya bayyananne – eh, zaku iya. Duk da haka, yin wannan kawai a kan son rai ba shi da daraja, dole ne a sami dalilai na wannan. Mafi sau da yawa, lambu suna fuskantar irin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka:
wuri da aka zaɓa da farko, alal misali, ƙaramin haske, zane mai ƙarfi, abun da ke ƙasa mara kyau;
Ba a la’akari da halaye iri-iri na shrub ba, lokacin da aka shuka iri masu ƙarfi kusa da juna, ba a aiwatar da iri iri-iri ba;
tsire-tsire a cikin unguwa sun fara tsoma baki tare da shrub kuma su dakatar da ci gaba da ci gaba;
sake ginawa, lokacin da ya zama dole don matsawa daji zuwa wani yanki, tun da an yi nufin wannan wuri don wasu dalilai.
Akwai dalilai da yawa, amma kafin fara aikin, ya zama dole a yi nazari a hankali da tunani a hankali kuma a gano yadda ya dace.. Dasawa shine shiga tsakani kai tsaye a cikin haɓakawa da haɓakar al’adu. Wannan zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Ya kamata ku yi hankali da abubuwan da ke faruwa:
cikakken mutuwar shrub saboda asarar wani ɓangare na tushen tsarin ba babban haɗari ba ne, amma yana wanzuwa koyaushe;
canji a cikin ‘ya’yan itace a cikin mummunan shugabanci – shekaru da yawa, yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya ragewa ko gaba ɗaya ba ya nan;
canje-canje a cikin halayen kayan zaki na ‘ya’yan itatuwa;
karuwa a cikin haɗarin cututtuka daban-daban, ciwon daji na baki, phylloxera suna da haɗari musamman.
Idan kun tabbata cewa haɗarin sun dace kuma ba za ku iya yin ba tare da dasawa ba, la’akari da ayyuka masu zuwa. Da farko, ƙin dasawa daji na inabi zuwa wurin da aka cire daji ko itacen. Idan kun yi watsi da wannan shawarar, daji a cikin sabon wuri zai yi rauni, yana ciwo kullum. Don hanyar da za ta yi nasara, wajibi ne a yi la’akari da yawancin nuances kuma cikakken cika ka’idoji. Wannan ya shafi shekarun shuka, tun da balagagge mutane suna yin tushe mafi muni, yana da mahimmanci a la’akari da yanayin daji. Inabi ya kamata a huta.
Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci don tono da kuma motsa daji, shirya sabon wuri a gaba, kuma a hankali kula da shuka bayan aikin.
Ranar ƙarshe
Ba wanda zai yi suna cikakke kuma kwanakin duniya lokacin da ya fi kyau dasa inabi zuwa wani wuri. Kowane lambu dole ne da kansa ya tantance yanayin yanayin, yin gyare-gyare ga yankin zama. A al’ada, ana nuna irin waɗannan hanyoyin a cikin bazara da kaka, kamar shuka na yau da kullum. Amma ga kaka, lokacin da aka zubar da foliage an dauke shi mafi kyau a nan, kuma wannan zai faru a watan Satumba ko Oktoba – ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Kuna iya ci gaba da irin wannan aikin har sai sanyi na farko ya bayyana.
Idan kuna zaune a kudu, kuma ƙasa ba ta daskare a cikin hunturu, zaku iya aiwatar da hanyar a wannan lokacin, alal misali, a cikin Janairu ko Fabrairu. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan lokacin narke. Saukowa a cikin sabon wuri a cikin bazara yana faruwa a cikin watan lokacin da ƙasa ta narke. Babban abu shine kasancewa cikin lokaci kafin lokacin da idanu suka fara fure. Lokacin bazara yana da kyau saboda akwai isasshen danshi a cikin ƙasa, don haka tushen tsarin yana da kyau sosai.
Idan yanayi ya dace don dasawa, kar a jinkirta hanya. Da jima ka ciyar da shi, da mafi girma da alama na m ci gaban daji. A lokacin rani, ba a aiwatar da wannan hanya ta al’ada ba, sai dai watakila a ƙarshen watan Agusta, a cikin yankunan da ganyen ya faɗi da wuri. Duk da haka, tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar, ana iya aiwatar da hanyar a lokacin rani.
Kwanan kwanan wata ba shine kawai abin da za a yi la’akari ba, ya kamata a kwatanta su koyaushe tare da shekarun shuka da nau’in tsarin tushen – bude ko rufe.
Siffofin tsarin kaka
Babban fa’idar wannan lokacin shine cewa akwai lokacin da za a yi tushe, yin tushe, da sauri girma a cikin bazara. Don haka, daji ba zai yi hutu a cikin ‘ya’yan itace ba, sai dai idan adadin amfanin gona ya ragu. Amma akwai kuma rashin amfani – shuka bazai iya samun tushe ba kuma ya daskare a cikin yanayin sanyi, musamman ma idan an yi watsi da matakan kulawa. Yana da mahimmanci don ciyawa ƙasa a kusa da daji da kyau kuma a rufe shi da kyau.
Idan kana zaune a cikin yankin da aka haɗe sanyi tare da ƙananan dusar ƙanƙara, kana buƙatar tono a cikin fall, da kuma dasa tsire-tsire tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar kawai a cikin bazara. Seedling ya kamata hunturu a wuri mai sanyi – cellar, ginshiki.
Idan tushen tsarin ya buɗe, to kuna buƙatar dasa shuka nan da nan – a cikin fall.
Hanyar bazara-rani
Babban rashin amfanin bazara na sake dasa daji shine cewa zai yi tushe na dogon lokaci, zai girma daga baya fiye da yadda ya kamata.. Saboda haka, maturation na itacen inabi a halin yanzu ba lallai ba ne don jira. Abubuwan da ake samu na iya ɓacewa har tsawon shekaru 2-3. An haramta shuka daji a cikin ƙasa, wanda bai yi zafi sosai ba. Wannan zai haifar da lalata tushen da kuma mutuwar da ba za a iya jurewa ba na shuka. Amfanin dashen bazara shine cewa an shirya hutu don sabon daji a gaba – ko dai a cikin kaka ko a lokacin rani na baya.
A cikin hunturu, duk abin da aka kawo a cikin ramin yana raguwa, masu cikawa suna kwance a ko’ina, ƙasa ta inganta da kyau. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a lokacin rani yana da kyau a bar wannan hanya gaba ɗaya. Itacen da aka tono a lokacin girma zai yi wuya a samu tushe, zai sami ƙarfi da yawa don dawo da tsarin tushen. Wannan zai sa sashin ƙasa ya sha wahala, kuma shuka zai yi rashin lafiya ko ya mutu. Amma ana iya dasa shuki a lokacin ƙuruciya tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar a lokacin rani.
Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali kamar yadda zai yiwu, duk wani lalacewa ga tushen zai zama m.
Zaɓin wurin da shirye-shiryen
Kada mu manta cewa inabi su ne shuke-shuke da rayayye amsa ga zafi. Sabili da haka, sabon wurin ya kamata ya zama haske mai kyau, kare shi daga zane-zane, iska mai karfi. Yi la’akari da lokacin da ruwa maras kyau na wannan shrub zai iya zama m. Saboda haka, kauce wa dasawa zuwa wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa ya fi kusa da 1 m daga saman.. Idan kun sanya inabin a bangon gefen kudu, zai sami ƙarin zafi.
Amma ba kwa buƙatar shuka inabi kusa da bishiyoyi, suna iya inuwa da shrub kuma su kawo masa wasu matsaloli. Dangane da abun da ke ciki na ƙasa, wannan shuka ba ta da wahala sosai, yankuna masu faɗi da marshes na gishiri ba su dace ba. Lokacin da ake takin ƙasa a cikin sabon wuri tare da takin, yi amfani da abubuwan da ke tattare da kasancewar inabi da ganyen inabi. Sharar irin wannan yana ƙonewa, ciyar da wannan nau’in ash abu ne mai karɓa. Bayan an zaɓi sabon wurin saukowa, dole ne a shirya ramin. Ana yin haka koyaushe a gaba, mafi ƙarancin lokacin wata ɗaya ne, kuma zai fi dacewa watanni shida.
Idan kun dasa shuka a baya, lokacin da ƙasa ta daidaita, ci gaban tushen zai zama damuwa.
Babu wani makirci na duniya don dasawa, don haka yana da mahimmanci a mayar da hankali kan halayen yankin ku. Masu lambu su zaɓi tsarin da ya dace da wani rukunin yanar gizo. Ana iya shirya wurin ta hanyoyi daban-daban, an zaɓi zurfin rami la’akari:
fasali na yanayi;
nau’in ƙasa a yankin;
buƙata da yiwuwar tsari don lokacin sanyi;
kasancewar ko rashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara.
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na dasawa: a cikin ramuka da kuma ƙarƙashin rawar ruwa, amma hanya ta biyu ta dace da tsire-tsire matasa kawai tare da gajerun tushen tushe. Idan kun shuka inabi akan sikelin masana’antu, an zaɓi zurfin ta wannan hanyar:
a cikin tsakiyar Turai na kasar – kimanin rabin mita;
a cikin yankunan Asiya ta Tsakiya tare da ƙasa mai laushi – daga 55 zuwa 60 cm;
a kan ƙasa mai yashi – daga 60 zuwa 65 cm.
Wadanda ke tsunduma cikin aikin lambu mai son ya kamata su mai da hankali kan wasu ƙimar dijital uXNUMXbuXNUMXband fasali:
a cikin yankunan kudanci tare da ɗumi mai kyau na ƙasa da saurin bushewa – daga 40 zuwa 50 cm;
a cikin ɓangaren Turai, yankin Moscow – daga 30 zuwa 40, amma a kan tsaunuka masu tsayi;
a cikin yankunan arewa, a cikin Urals, a Siberiya – hanyar dasa shuki, in ba haka ba ba zai yi aiki da kyau ba don rufewa don hunturu, an tona rami mai zurfi;
akan matalauta a cikin ƙasa abun da ke ciki, m, yashi – ramukan tsayin mita tare da aikace-aikacen wajibi na takin gargajiya da nau’in ma’adinai;
a kan ƙasa chernozem, ba lallai ba ne don takin, zurfin rami ya bambanta daga 40 zuwa 45 cm;
ba ƙasa mai haske ba – daga 50 zuwa 60 cm;
a kan loams daga 70 zuwa 80 cm tare da tsari na wajibi na magudanar ruwa na ƙananan tubalin, tsakuwa, yumbu mai fadi.
Bugu da ƙari, an yi la’akari da shekarun shuka lokacin da aka kafa rami, da kuma girman tsarin tushen. Idan an canza bushes da yawa, yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade nisa tsakanin su daidai. Ana ɗaukar ƙarfin girma azaman tushe:
tsakanin ƙananan ƙananan nau’in girma, ƙananan mita biyu ko kadan ya isa;
tsakanin nau’ikan ƙarfi yana da kyau a bar nisa na kusan 3 m.
Mataki na ƙarshe na shirya wurin saukowa shine ciyarwa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ba koyaushe ya zama dole ba. Amma idan ƙasa tana buƙatar taki, to ana shigar da ƙasa a cikin rami ta hanyar haɗa shi da farko tare da suturar sama:
kwayoyin halitta a cikin adadin 7 kg, humus, takin ya dace;
mahadi ma’adinai da suka hada 250 g na itace ash, 85 g na ammonium sulfate da 180 g na superphosphate.
Hanyoyin
A cikin kanta, dasa shuki daga wannan wuri zuwa wani yana da algorithm iri ɗaya da dasa shuki ɗan seedling. Amma akwai mataki ɗaya wanda ya bambanta waɗannan hanyoyin – daji mai ko maras ganye dole ne a fara haƙa shi da kyau kuma daidai.
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na tono da ake amfani da su don dasa inabi, sun dace da masu farawa da masu sana’a.
Canja wurin
A cikin shekaru da yawa, inabi sun zama masu saukin kamuwa da irin waɗannan ayyuka, tushen tsarin yana haɓaka, yana da matsala don cire shi. Ana juye daji bisa ga algorithm mai zuwa:
tono dajimotsi daga tushe da rabin mita, yayin da yake da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa ga tushen flora kusa;
tushen tsarin yana fallasa a hankali kamar yadda zai yiwu, idan tushen ya zurfafa cikin ƙasa, dole ne a yanke su;
yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye tushediddige da dukan rassan daga gare ta;
daji yana kama da girma da canja wurin zuwa wurin da aka riga aka shirya;
ya fi dacewa don sanya daji yayin jigilar kaya akan takardar karfe, a kan tarpaulin ko nan da nan a saka a cikin keken hannu, sannan kai tsaye a kan waɗannan na’urori suna motsa daji zuwa wani sabon wuri;
ƙulla tushen tsarin kunsa ko tsaftace tushen;
kafin transship, yana da mahimmanci don jiƙa ƙasa sosaiamma idan kun shirya dasawa tare da clod na ƙasa, tushen danda ba sa buƙatar shayarwa.
Tare da wani ɗan guntun ƙasa
Algorithm na ayyuka shine kamar haka:
da farko, an shirya rami, wanda girmansa za a zaɓa bisa ga girman coma na ƙasa;
sa’an nan ƙasa tana damun ƙasa ta hanyar gabatar da buckets na ruwa 2;
an saukar da daji a cikin rami, kuma an cire nama wanda aka nannade tushen tsarin a wannan matakin;
Dole ne a cika nisa tsakanin ganuwar ramin da ɗigon ƙasa da ƙasa, yayin da dole ne a dasa shi;
bayan rami ya yi barci gaba daya, an kafa da’irar a kusa da bole, an sake danshi, kamar yadda zai yiwu;
ya fi dacewa don ƙara bayani mai ƙarfafawa don tushen tsarin zuwa ruwa.
Tare da peeled tushen
Kuna iya dashen itacen inabi tare da saiwoyin peeled …
