Yanke inabi a farkon shekarar dasa shuki da kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa shine hanya ta tilas. In ba haka ba, ba za a ga girbi ba. Inabi wani amfanin gona ne wanda ke ba da ‘ya’ya kawai a kan korayen matasa waɗanda suka girma daga buds waɗanda ke kan rassan matasa na bara.
Muhimman dokoki
Kafin ci gaba da pruning, kuna buƙatar samun kyakkyawar fahimtar tsarin da tsarin rayuwa na daji. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna girma a lokacin rani, filastik, kore, furannin furanni suna bayyana a kansu. By kaka, wadannan harbe sun zama woody, su ne daga baya ake kira ‘ya’yan itace vines. Kauri daga cikin itacen inabi ya kamata ya zama kusan 1 cm. Lokacin da ya kai shekaru 2, itacen inabi zai zama reshe (ko hannun riga) – wannan yanki ne na daji. Yana da buds na barci waɗanda zasu farka idan an yanke reshe. Innabi bushes sa buds a cikin kaka. Yanke kaka yana saita sautin ga dukan girbin nan gaba. Yawan harbe-harbe bai kamata ya wuce 10-20 ba, in ba haka ba inabi za su kasance da bakin ciki sosai, tare da raunin ‘ya’yan itace masu rauni a saman. Girbi daga irin wannan shuka zai kawo rashin jin daɗi ne kawai.
Bugu da kari, harbe-harben da ba su girma da kaka ba tabbas za su daskare, koda kuwa lokacin sanyi yana da laushi sosai. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci don samun daidaitattun harbe-harbe, koda kuwa ba su da yawa. Yanke inabi a cikin shekara ta farko bayan dasa shuki za a iya yi ta hanyoyi daban-daban, dangane da siffar da ake so. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi don inabi, mafi kyawun tsari shine fan ba tare da tushe tare da hannayen riga 4 ba. Wannan zane yana sa sauƙin rufe shuke-shuke don hunturu. Kula da seedlings a cikin shekara 1 yana nufin samar da rassan 2. Wannan shine tushen rassan masu ɗaukar amfanin gona na gaba.
Dole ne a shayar da ƙaramin shuka da kyau aƙalla sau 2 a cikin watan farko bayan dasa shuki.. Ruwan ruwa yana da yawa, buckets 4 na ruwa kowace daji. A karshe watering ne da za’ayi a farkon watan Agusta. Bayan wannan lokacin, ya kamata a daina shayarwa, in ba haka ba shuka ba zai sami lokaci don kawo harbe zuwa yanayin girma ba, wannan tsari zai shimfiɗa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, mafi yawan shayarwa kuma zai faru a watan Yuli, kuma ana rage su a watan Agusta, in ba haka ba berries za su fashe. Ciyar da sau biyu a cikin shekara ta farko, hada hadi tare da watering. Ana yin suturar farko ta farko lokacin da koren harbe ya kai tsayin 10 cm, an gabatar da hadaddun tare da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium.
Tufafin saman na biyu tare da hadadden takin ma’adinai ana aiwatar dashi a farkon Yuli, na uku – a farkon Agusta.
makirci
Annual inabi bar biyu buds kawai. Idan a maimakon harbe biyu 5-6 sun bayyana, dole ne a karye ƙarin, in ba haka ba duk harbe za su yi rauni, gajere, mara amfani. Harbe suna raguwa lokacin da suka kai tsayin 2-5 cm. Ana kuma cire duk ƴan uwa. A watan Satumba, ana yin harbe-harbe. Kora yayi kama da pinching, aƙalla yana da manufa iri ɗaya – don hana ci gaban harbin. Duk da haka, ya ƙunshi ragewa ba tip ba, amma dukan tsawon reshe zuwa farkon cikakken ganye.
Idan tip na innabi harbe ya fara bayyana, yana shirye ya girma, lokacin da ba a buƙatar wannan kashe kudi na makamashi, an yanke reshe. A cikin shekara ta farko a lokacin rani babu buƙatar biyan kuɗi, ana yin shi ne kawai a watan Satumba. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana aiwatar da aikin rani (idan ya cancanta) da aiwatar da aikin kaka na wajibi. Bi accelerates da ripening na harbe. A ƙarshen Oktoba na shekara ta farko, jim kaɗan kafin tsari don hunturu, dole ne a yanke harbe masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi, barin buds 3 akan kowane. Bayan haka, an sanya murfin da aka yi daga kwalabe filastik a kan shuka. Yayyafa ƙasa ko ciyawa don ya zama ruwan dare tare da saman kwalabe, zuba tudun 25-30 cm a saman. A shekara ta gaba, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa aikin a cikin shekarar farko ya yi kyau.
Harbe na oda na farko zai sami kauri na 7-8 mm, launin su zai zama mai haske, za a ji fashewa lokacin lankwasa. Idan inabi sun daskare, harbe za su yi sanyi don taɓawa kuma ba su da ƙarfi. Ayyukan shekara ta biyu shine girma 4 hannayen riga. An gyara su akan trellises. Kuma a cikin shekara ta 3, ana fitar da inabi 2 daga saman kowane hannun riga, kuma an cire duk harbe da suka bayyana a ƙasa. A cikin duka, shuka zai sami harbe 8.
An bar gungu na inabi guda ɗaya akan kowanne, ba tare da jin ƙai ba.
Don yanke reshe daidai, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa an zaɓi wurin a tsakanin nodes, kuma babban ragowar toho yana fuskantar sama.. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana yin pruning a cikin fall, bayan shuka ya zubar da ganye. Suna kuma tsara girma shuka a duk shekara. Tun kafin bayyanar inflorescences, duk ƙarin harbe-harbe waɗanda ba a ba da su ta hanyar makirci ba, harbe-harbe, a kan hannayen riga, kafadu, mara amfani da wurin da ba shi da kyau (alal misali, zai yi wahala a ɗaure harbi zuwa trellis) . A lokacin lokacin furanni, ya riga ya kasance mai sauƙi don bambanta ‘ya’yan itace da ƙananan harbe. An cire marasa amfani, ba sau ɗaya kawai ba, amma a hankali, don kada a hana shukar babban taro mai yawa a lokaci ɗaya.
“Twins” kuma ba lallai ba ne – waɗannan harbe-harbe ne da suka fito daga ido, wanda ya ƙunshi buds guda uku a lokaci ɗaya, na tsakiya da biyu ƙananan ƙananan. Daga irin waɗannan idanu, duka reshe 1 da biyu ko uku a lokaci ɗaya na iya tsiro. Yawancin lokaci ba su dace sosai ba, lalata daji, lalata bayyanar shukar da aka kafa, suna ɓoye ƙarin harbe-harbe. Idan suna da gungu, barin mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi dacewa ga garters, sauran an cire su. Kafin berries suyi girma, yana da amfani don tsunkule harbe a kan ganyen 5-7th sama da goga. Irin wannan fasaha za ta sake rarraba abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ni’imar berries kuma a lokaci guda ba zai zama nauyi a kan daji ba, wanda zai yiwu idan kun karya reshe a sama da bunch.
A lokacin lokacin girma na bunches, ana aiwatar da matakan kulawa na yau da kullum: an cire rassan rassan da ƴan uwa. Gudanar da daidaitawar tagulla. Ganyayyaki masu yawa na iya zama masu saurin kamuwa da cuta, saboda tarin danshi a tsakanin su, berries sun zama karami. Don ƙarin kyau, zaki da manyan berries, bunches suna bakin ciki daga tsakiyar watan Yuli. Cire waɗannan sassa na bunch wanda berries ƙananan ne, maras kyau. Kuma kafin girbi, don makonni 2-3, ana yin bayani. Cire ganyen da ke inuwa ga gungu. A lokaci guda, ana la’akari da cewa aikin ganyen inabi yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci. Takardun da aka buɗe ba zai yi aiki ba fiye da kwanaki 50 bayan buɗewa. Sa’an nan kuma ya tsufa kuma ya zama kusan ballast, don haka za ku iya cire tsoffin ganye a kusa da gungu. Duk da haka, ƙananan ganye, koda kuwa aikin su ya riga ya ragu, ba a shafa ba. Suna da amfani – suna kare bunches daga kunar rana a jiki, ruwan sama, ƙanƙara.
Nasihu masu Amfani
Don pruning, ya kamata ka zaɓi kayan aiki da ya dace: lebur kewaye pruners don kore rassan, anvil pruners ko m pruners ga busassun itacen inabi. Mai datsa mai dacewa yana lalata reshe ne kawai a wuraren yanke, ba ya tauna, baya yaga zaruruwa. High carbon karfe kayan aikin ne kaifi amma kasa m fiye da bakin karfe kayayyakin aiki. Don rassan da ke da wuyar isa, ana amfani da loppers. Don daidaita bunches, yana da dacewa don amfani da almakashi tare da dogayen ruwan wukake da tukwici. Tabbas, duk kayan aikin dole ne su kasance masu kaifi sosai kuma su kasance da tsabta sosai. Mai yankan ratchet zai taimaka wajen rage nauyi akan mai lambu. Wannan shine mafi kyawun zaɓi idan kuna buƙatar yanke rassan da yawa tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari, kodayake waɗannan secateurs suna da tsada sosai.. Zabi rana, busassun yini don pruning. Wani lokaci itacen inabin yana girma ba daidai ba, musamman idan an kafa kurangar inabin zuwa trellis a kusurwa. Ana daidaita girma ta hanyar daidaita nauyin da ke kan rassan (bar fiye ko ƙasa da gungu), ko ta hanyar tsinke. Fiye da sau da yawa fiye da sauran nau’ikan tsunkule iri tare da gungu mara kyau.
Ana iya karya yara da hannu, amma kuma yana da kyau a yi amfani da pruner – ya fi dogara. Wintering buds suna located kusa da stepchildren da manual kau na stepchilds iya lalata su. ‘Ya’yan ‘ya’yan itace suna tsunkule sama da ganye 2-3. Don girbi mafi kyau, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru suna ja da harbe-harbe tare da waya. Dukan harbin da ke sama da zobe zai sami ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda zai ba ku damar samun ƙarin gungu masu kyau makonni 2 da suka gabata. Amma liyafar yana da rikitarwa sosai kuma za a buƙaci kawai daga shekaru 4-5 na rayuwar shuka. Tsire-tsire matasa suna buƙatar kariya iri ɗaya daga cututtuka kamar manya. A mafi ƙarancin alamar cuta, ana bi da ganye tare da Chorus, Skor ko Topaz. Tabbatar ka bi umarnin sosai, duk waɗannan kwayoyi suna da ƙarfi sosai. Magungunan jama’a don inabi ba su da amfani a zahiri, kodayake yayin da shuka yake ƙarami da ƙanana, suna iya yin ma’ana. Duk da haka, yana da kyau kada a yi kasada.
Kuna iya amfani da ilimin halitta kamar Fitosporin, amma suna da ɗan gajeren rai fiye da magungunan kwari, kuma suna yin rigakafi. Dole ne a yi amfani da su akai-akai kuma akai-akai.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
