Yaya nisa ya kamata a dasa inabi?

Don samun girbin innabi mai inganci, dole ne a ƙirƙiri wasu yanayi don shuka ‘ya’yan itace. Masu lambu suna bin tsarin ban ruwa da aka riga aka shirya, tsarin zafin jiki da sauran dalilai. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don kula da daidaitaccen nisa tsakanin bushes. Tsarin dasa shuki mai dacewa zai ba da damar shuka ya haɓaka tare da ta’aziyya, kuma kulawa zai kasance mai dacewa kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Wajibi ne a ƙayyade tsarin dasa shuki mai dacewa kafin a dasa gonar inabin, tun da sake dasa shuke-shuken ‘ya’yan itace zai zama matsala kuma maras so. Zaɓin zaɓi na nisa yana rinjayar abubuwa da yawa, wanda aka ba da abin da za a iya samun ‘ya’yan itace na yau da kullum.

Abubuwa masu tasiri

Duk da cewa ana ɗaukar innabi a matsayin amfanin gona mai yuwuwa kuma mara amfani, yana buƙatar yanayin girma mafi kyau.

Lokacin zabar tsarin girma mai dacewa, masu lambu suna la’akari da wasu ma’auni.

Nau’in girma na iri-iri da tsarin shuka. Akwai dogaye, matsakaici da gajere iri. Tsarin daji na iya zama mai yaduwa ko m.
Yanayi a cikin yankin girma.
Abun da ke ciki da tsarin ƙasa.
hanyar pollination aka nuna a cikin bayanin kowane iri-iri. Itacen inabi na iya ɗaukar furanni na mace, na miji, ko masu ɗai-ɗai. Bar sarari tsakanin nau’ikan pollinating kai fiye da tsakanin nau’in pollinated iri-iri.
Zaɓin tallafi (amfani).
Yawan seedlings.
Girman girbi.

Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

bukatun wani nau’i na musamman a cikin haske, yawan kayan abinci da sararin samaniya;
yiwuwar matsakaicin thickening na dasa shuki ba tare da asarar yawan amfanin ƙasa ba.

Ƙwararrun mazauna rani suna la’akari da halayen da ke sama don zama masu haɗin gwiwa, kuma lokacin zana tsarin saukowa, dole ne a nemi sulhu. Babban abu shine la’akari da mahimman buƙatun iri-iri don yanayin noma. Nisa tsakanin shrubs yana rinjayar yawan amfanin gonakin ‘ya’yan itace. Yawancin lambu da ba su da kwarewa suna yin dasa shuki sosai, suna son samun mafi yawan berries daga murabba’in murabba’in mita ɗaya, amma a sakamakon haka, ‘ya’yan itace kawai ya tsananta.

Idan shuke-shuke da aka shuka ma kusa da juna, kana bukatar ka akai-akai bakin ciki fitar da itacen inabi yantar up a matsayin mai yawa free sarari kamar yadda zai yiwu. Yawan tsire-tsire masu kauri da yawa zai hana hasken rana daga dumama berries, kuma musayar iskar oxygen zai damu.

Tsarin gargajiya

Akwai daidaitaccen zaɓi na saukowa.

Diamita na rami mai saukarwa – 0,5 mita, zurfin ya bambanta daga 30 zuwa 40 santimita.
Kowane rami ya ƙunshi bututu ban ruwa.
Kauri daga cikin magudanar ruwa daga 10 zuwa 15 santimita. Kuna iya amfani da bulo mai fashe, dakakken dutse ko ƙananan duwatsu.
Ana zuba ƙasa mai albarka, wanda aka tono daga ramin saukarwa. Idan ƙasan da ke wurin tana da nauyi, an haɗa shi da ɗan ƙaramin yashi. Ana kuma shigar da tugi a nan.
Tsakanin bushes suna barin rata na mita 1.5-3 dangane da ƙawa na shrub.
Ramin dasa yana cike da ƙasa tare da sauran ƙasa. Ana shayar da ƙaramin shuka da ruwa mai yawa. Don adana danshi da kare kariya daga ciyawa, an ɗora Layer na ciyawa daga kayan albarkatun ƙasa (sawdust, allura, guntun itace da sauran zaɓuɓɓuka) a saman.

Lura: Ana shuka inabi a cikin kaka ko bazara, ya danganta da yanayin yankin.

Mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka

Wajibi ne a dasa inabi a irin wannan nisa daga juna cewa kowane shuka yana jin daɗi a duk lokacin girma.

tsakanin bushes

Tare da girman girman sararin samaniya tsakanin shrubs, wajibi ne a yi la’akari da girman girma, lokacin lokacin ripening na berries, ƙarar ciyayi da ƙawancin kambi. Ana dasa inabi masu ƙarancin girma a nesa na mita 1,5-2, don matsakaicin nau’in suna barin tazara na mita 2-3, kuma ga nau’ikan sprawling suna barin sararin sama na mita uku ko fiye. Irin wannan nisa tsakanin vines ba kawai zai tabbatar da ingantaccen yawan amfanin ƙasa ba, amma kuma ya hana cututtukan fungal da sauran cututtuka. Sau da yawa, amfanin gona na ‘ya’yan itace yakan fara ciwo saboda yawan dasa shuki.

An datse iri na farko akai-akai don adana sarari akan rukunin yanar gizon. A irin waɗannan nau’ikan, harbe-harbe suna ci gaba da girma ko da bayan an girbe ‘ya’yan itace. Wannan fasalin ba ya nan a cikin inabi na ƙarshen. Gogaggen lambu suna ba da shawarar kulawa akan buƙatar kowane iri-iri don hasken halitta.

Alal misali, farin inabi yana buƙatar adadin haske na metered, kuma tare da wuce haddi, berries sun zama m. Amma ja iri-iri suna son haske mai yawa. Wajibi ne don ripening na m da dadi amfanin gona.

tsakanin layuka

Zaɓin tazarar layin da ya dace yana tasiri da abubuwan da ke biyowa:

yin amfani da kayan aikin injina waɗanda za a yi amfani da su wajen kula da inabi, don wucewarsu ya zama dole a bar isasshen sarari don kada ya lalata itacen inabi;
tazara tsakanin tsire-tsire a cikin layuka kusa;
tsarin gonar inabinsa;
haske.

Babban ma’auni shine nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire. Idan a cikin layi daya yana da mita 3 zuwa 3,5, to, raguwa a cikin hanya ya kamata ya zama iri ɗaya. In ba haka ba, madaidaicin tsari a cikin madaidaicin shugabanci zai kasance tsakanin shrubs. Akwai ra’ayi cewa za a iya tsara layuka a hankali yayin shigar da trellis mai jere biyu. A yawancin lokuta, wannan tsarin shuka yana faruwa kuma ya dace da yawancin nau’in inabi.

Batu mai mahimmanci na gaba shine jagorar layuka don kowane iri-iri. Don farin inabi, tsarin hasken rana yana da kyau, amma ana dasa ciyawar inabi ja a layi daya da hanyar haske. Don haka, zai yiwu a ƙirƙira mafi kyawun yanayi don cimma kyawawan halayen ɗanɗano da haɓaka tari.

Don fuskar bangon waya

Ana amfani da Trellis sau da yawa a cikin noman yawancin kayan lambu. Tare da taimakon goyon bayan, za ka iya kage sanya dogon itacen inabi. Lokacin ƙididdige nisa tsakanin layuka, ana la’akari da nau’in trellis. Lokacin amfani da tsarin jirgin sama guda ɗaya, har zuwa mita 2 na sarari ya rage, yayin da ake sarrafa amfanin gona da hannu. Hakanan ana amfani da zaɓin jirgin sama biyu ko’ina. Ana ƙididdige tazara tsakanin layuka daga saman gefen goyan baya. Lokacin sarrafa shrubs da hannu, an bar nisa a mita 2, kuma lokacin amfani da kayan aikin injinan lambu – daga mita 3 zuwa 4.

Don cimma mafi kyawun haske, masu lambu suna tabbatar da cewa rassan da aka haɗe zuwa trellis suna nesa da santimita 10-20.. Hakanan ya kamata ku yi la’akari da yadawa da tsayin kambi. ‘Ya’yan inabi da aka dasa suna buƙatar ƙarin adadin abubuwan gina jiki idan aka kwatanta da nau’in tushen asali. Har ila yau, ba a yi watsi da tsarin tushen tsarin ba. A wasu nau’ikan, saiwoyin suna da zurfi kuma suna shiga cikin ƙasa mai nisa, yayin da wasu kuma suna cikin saman saman duniya. Shirye-shiryen kaset ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi yana rinjayar haske. Ana iya daidaita shi ta hanyar canza nisa tsakanin bushes.

An tattara allunan da ke nuna nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire, la’akari da tushen tsarin shuka da nau’in trellis da aka sanya.

Tapestries guda ɗaya:

nasa-kafe inabi – nisa daga 2.5 zuwa 3 m;
iri guda na shrubs, amma tare da tsarin ban ruwa drip – nisa daga 3 zuwa 3.5 m;
grafted inabi – an bar rata tsakanin bushes iri ɗaya (mita 3-3,5);
grafted shuke-shuke da drip ban ruwa tsarin – daga 3.5 zuwa 4 m.

Tsari don kaset ɗin jirgin sama biyu;

shrubs tare da nasu tushen tsarin – daga daya da rabi zuwa mita 2;
tushen inabi, wanda aka shayar da shi ta amfani da tsarin drip – daga mita 1,8 zuwa 2,5;
grafted ‘ya’yan itace amfanin gona – daga 1.8 zuwa 2.5 m;
grafted inabi tare da drip ban ruwa – daga 2.5 zuwa 3 m.

Lokacin tattara wannan tebur, masu lambu sun yi amfani da daidaitaccen nisa tsakanin itacen inabin, wanda ya bambanta daga santimita 10-15 zuwa santimita 20-25.

Kuna iya cimma matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa ta hanyar ƙididdige mafi kyawun adadin harbe. Ya kamata shrubs su sami isasshen ƙarfi don samar da ba kawai kore taro ba, har ma da manyan gungu.

Don nau’ikan masana’antu

Lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona na ‘ya’yan itace akan sikelin masana’antu, yakamata a shirya manyan shuke-shuke. Don kula da babban gonar inabin, ana shigar da tsarin ban ruwa na drip na musamman. Za su jiƙa shrub akai-akai kuma su kula da yanayin da ake so a cikin ƙasa. Sannan kuma shigar da trellises na jirgin sama guda ɗaya. Lokacin girma, ba ya cika ba tare da amfani da takin mai magani na musamman ba. Adadin abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata zai tabbatar da samuwar amfanin gona mai daɗi, mai daɗi da ƙamshi.

Don ajiye sarari akan rukunin yanar gizon, zaku iya barin tazarar mita ɗaya da rabi tsakanin tsire-tsire, kuma yakamata a bar akalla mita uku tsakanin layuka domin duk injinan noma su wuce cikin yardar kaina.

Dasa nisa a cikin greenhouse

A cikin iyakokin yankuna na arewa, ana shuka inabi a cikin gidajen lambuna, musamman lokacin da ake girma iri masu son zafi. Wasu nau’ikan ba sa jure yanayin zafi da kyau kuma suna iya mutuwa. Gine-gine za su taimaka wajen haifar da yanayi mai dadi ga shrubs da kuma kare su daga ɓarna na yanayi. Za su iya shigar da ƙarin hanyoyin haske da masu dumama don kula da yanayin zafi mai daɗi.

Girman gine-gine na zamani ba koyaushe yana ba da izinin bin tsarin dasa shuki da aka ba da shawarar ba, amma yanayi na musamman na greenhouse yana ba da damar rage nisa ba tare da cutar da tsire-tsire ba. Abinci mai gina jiki, walƙiya da shayarwa na wucin gadi ne kuma ana sarrafa su, don haka ɗan ƙaramin kauri yana da karɓa sosai. Ana amfani da tsarin ban ruwa mai ɗigo da hasken ultraviolet a nan. A cikin noman greenhouse, ana barin har zuwa mita 2 tsakanin layuka, yayin da ake dasa shuki a nesa na mita daya da rabi. An zaɓi wannan tsarin dasa shuki da yawancin lambu a ko’ina cikin Rasha.