Pasteurellosis a cikin dabbobi

Pasteurellosis a cikin shanu cuta ce mai haɗari mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wacce a cikin ‘yan kwanaki kaɗan ke kaiwa ga mutuwar saniya. Bugu da ƙari, wannan cuta kuma ta shafi yawancin dabbobin gida, tsuntsaye da mutane. Don haka, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a san manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan cuta kuma a ɗauki matakan da suka dace don kawar da ita.

pasteurellosis a cikin dabbobi

Menene cutar?

Pasteurellosis a cikin shanu shine sakamakon haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa a cikin jiki. Tare da ci gaban wannan cuta, dabbar da aka shafa ta haifar da guba na jini, ciwon huhu (ciki har da purulent), endometritis, conjunctivitis da wasu cututtuka na sakandare da kuma rikitarwa.

Wadanda suka fi kamuwa da cutar su ne shanu, zomaye da kaji. Ana kuma kamuwa da cutar zuwa nau’in namun daji da dama. Ya yadu a kusan dukkan kasashen duniya. A Rasha, an rubuta mafi yawan adadin kamuwa da cuta a cikin yankunan tsakiyar kasar.

Dalilai da wakili mai haddasawa

Pasteurellosis yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta na Pasteurella. Akwai nau’ikan irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Ga shanu, biyu daga cikinsu suna da haɗari:

1. Pasteurella multicid.
2. Pasteurella hemolytic.

Duk nau’ikan pathogens suna da alaƙa da ƙarancin juriya ga mummunan tasirin waje. A ƙarƙashin aikin hasken rana, ƙwayoyin cuta suna mutuwa bayan mintuna 10. A cikin taki ko rigar ƙasa, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya rayuwa har tsawon makonni 2. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafin jiki na digiri 80 zuwa sama, Pasteurella ya mutu bayan minti 5. Daga cikin magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta, maganin creolin, lemun tsami, da soda caustic suna da illa ga kamuwa da cuta.

Lokacin da saniya ta sha, kwayoyin cutar suna daidaitawa a cikin sassan numfashi da hanjin dabba. A lokaci guda kuma, masu yada cutar, galibi, shanu ne marasa lafiya da kuma mutanen da aka riga aka warkar. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna iya rayuwa a cikin jikin dabbobi masu lafiya na dogon lokaci.

Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin yanayin waje tare da kwayoyin halitta, jini, madara, miya da fitsari na dabbobi. Canja wurin na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:

pasteurella

• tare da abinci da ruwa;
• ta hanyar abubuwan kulawa;
• ta hanyar kwanciya ta gama gari;
• ta iska;
• tare da gamsai lokacin atishawa ko tari;
• ta kasa
• ta hanyar saduwa da namun daji ko daga mutane.

Hakanan ana iya kamuwa da cutar ga masu lafiya ta hanyar cizon ƙwari da berayen masu shan jini waɗanda a baya suka yi hulɗa da dabbobi marasa lafiya.

A hanyoyi da yawa, yiwuwar saniya yin rashin lafiya tare da pasteurellosis ya dogara ne akan juriya na jiki don kamuwa da cuta. Don haka, abubuwa masu zuwa na iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka cutar:

• yanayin tsafta maras gamsarwa don kiyaye dabbobi;
• rashin daidaituwar abinci da kuma ciyar da dabbobi ba bisa ka’ida ba;
• matsugunin rumbu, wanda dole ne a ajiye dabbobi a cikinsa;
• kasancewar sauran cututtuka na farko da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke raunana tsarin rigakafi sosai;
• yawan jigilar dabbobi.

Mafi sau da yawa, pasteurellosis yana tasowa a cikin shanu daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa ƙarshen kaka. A wannan lokacin, akwai yanayi mafi kyau ga ci gaban kamuwa da cuta. Girman matasa ya fi kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta.

Alamomi da kwas a cikin nau’i daban-daban

Lokacin da aka sha, kwayoyin cutar suna fara girma da sauri. Ta hanyar lalata kyallen takarda, Pasteurella yana yaduwa tare da jini da lymph. A lokaci guda, samfuran su na rayuwa suna haifar da septicemia. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya lalata ƙwayoyin nama, wanda ke haifar da edema a cikin jiki. Bayan gubar jini, mutuwa tana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 3 masu zuwa.

Lokacin shiryawa na Pasteurella a cikin jiki yana daga 5-6 hours zuwa kwanaki 3. Bayan haka, cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin m, hyperacute, na kullum da subacute siffofin. Kowannen su yana da nasa siffofi na asibiti.

Kaifi

Babban yanayin pasteurellosis yana tare da waɗannan manyan bayyanar cututtuka:

Bakin ciki na gaba ɗaya tare da asarar ci

• baƙin ciki na gaba ɗaya, tare da asarar ci;
• saurin bugun jini da numfashi;
• zafin jiki ya tashi sama da digiri 40;
• daina samar da madara.

Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba mai tsanani na cutar, zai iya bayyana kansa a cikin nau’i daban-daban: kirji, hanji da edematous. A cikin nau’in ƙirji, cutar da ke ciki tana cike da pleuropneumonia. A wannan yanayin, ban da manyan alamomin, alamun asibiti kuma suna bayyana:

• purulent exudate yana fitowa daga kogon hanci;
• numfashi yana da wuyar gaske;
• zawo mai tsanani, wanda bayan wani lokaci, adadin jinin yana karuwa;
• lokacin sauraron huhu, ana jin sautin gogayya daga gare su;
• na iya kasancewa tare da bushewar tari mai ƙarfi.

A cikin nau’in hanji na pasteurellosis, ana lura da alamun asibiti masu zuwa:

• ƙin abinci;
• yawan ƙishirwa;
• rauni da damuwa;
• saurin asarar nauyi;
• bruising na mucous membranes.

Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya gano wannan bayyanar cutar a cikin yara matasa.

Tare da edematous pasteurellosis, kumburi daga cikin subcutaneous nama Layer tasowa. Wannan yana haifar da cewa kumburi mai tsanani yana faruwa a cikin nono, al’aura, wuyansa da sauran sassan jiki. A cikin yanayin ci gaban wannan nau’in cutar, mutuwa tana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 1-2. Tsarin edematous yana tare da alamun masu zuwa:

• daina samar da madara;
• saurin numfashi, yayin da numfashi yana da matukar wahala ga saniya;
• edema yana faruwa a sassa daban-daban na jiki;
• asphyxia na iya tasowa a hankali, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar dabbobi.

subacute

A cikin yanayin tsarin subacute, cutar tana tasowa a hankali. Yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa makonni biyu. A lokaci guda kuma, a matakin farko, bayyanar cututtuka ba su da kyau kuma a hankali suna bayyana. Babban alamun wannan nau’in cutar sun haɗa da:

Ƙara yawan zafin jiki

• zazzaɓi;
• bushewar tari mai ƙarfi;
• zalunci da ƙin abinci;
• ƙãra ƙishirwa;
• fitar da mucosa daga kogon hanci, wanda a cikin kankanin lokaci ya koma purulent;
• bayyanar edema a wuyansa da kai;
• conjunctivitis.

Magana. A kan tushen subacute pasteurellosis, cututtuka na biyu sukan tasowa, alal misali, enteritis.

Super kaifi

Halin hyperacute na cutar shine mafi haɗari. Daga ƙarshen lokacin shiryawa na pathogen zuwa mutuwar saniya, ba a wuce sa’o’i 12 ba. Sau da yawa babu alamun asibiti kwata-kwata. Saboda haka, yana da matukar wahala a gano da kuma magance irin wannan yanayin na cutar.

A gaban alamun asibiti, ana bayyana su ta irin waɗannan lokuta:

• karuwa mai kaifi a zafin jiki na saniya har zuwa digiri 42;
• kumburi mai tsanani;
• gudawa mai yawan jini a cikin stool.

Mutuwa tana faruwa ne sakamakon edema na huhu ko kuma ta keta tsarin zuciya.

Na kullum

Tsarin cutar na yau da kullun yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin bayyanar cututtuka da tsayin lokaci na ci gaba (har zuwa makonni 4-5). Amma, duk da wannan, shi ma sau da yawa ya ƙare a mutuwa. Alamomin dake cikin wannan harka sune kamar haka.

• numfashi mai wahala;
• saurin asarar nauyi;
• ƙin abinci;
• kumburi daga cikin haɗin gwiwa na extremities;
• zawo mai tsanani yana yiwuwa.

Bincike

Tun da cutar tana da kamuwa da cuta kuma sau da yawa tana mutuwa, ganowar sa akan lokaci yana da mahimmanci. Ana gudanar da ganowar pasteurellosis a cikin jikin shanu bisa ga alamun asibiti, dakin gwaje-gwaje da jarrabawar bayan mutuwa.

hanta saniya

Don binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana amfani da samfurori daga matattu ko dabbobin da aka kashe da gangan. Don wannan dalili, barbashi na hanta, huhu, splin, ƙwayoyin lymph sun dace. Ana shan kayan ba bayan sa’o’i 5 bayan mutuwar shanun. Al’adun da aka ware daga samfurin da aka samo an sanya su a cikin matsakaicin abinci mai gina jiki kuma an ƙayyade nasa ga jinsin Pasteurella.

A cikin nazarin pathoanatomical, an kafa kyakkyawan sakamako na bincike idan an bayyana canje-canje masu zuwa a cikin gabobin da tsarin:

• yawan zubar jini a cikin huhu, hanji, tsarin numfashi, da kuma a kan pericardium da epicardium na zuciya;
• manyan tarin jini da lymph, waɗanda aka kafa a cikin fiber a ƙarƙashin fata;
• ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph;
• sassa daban-daban na fili na narkewa da hanji suna da kumburi sosai da kumburi.

Hankali! Yana da matukar mahimmanci don aiwatar da cikakken bincike don bambance pasteurellosis daga piroplasmosis, anthrax da sauran cututtukan da suka yi kama da bayyanar asibiti. Daidaitaccen ganewar cutar irin wannan shine tushen nasarar maganinta.

Magani

Lokacin gano alamun alamun cutar, nan da nan an ware dabba daga sauran garken. A matsayin keɓewa, ana amfani da ɗaki mai dumi, bushe tare da ingantacciyar iskar iska. A lokaci guda kuma, an canza saniya zuwa abinci na musamman, a hankali daidaitawa dangane da bitamin, abun da ke cikin ma’adinai da abubuwan gina jiki.

Gabaɗayan karatun karatun ya ƙunshi jiyya na musamman. Yana ba da shawarar alama da takamaiman daidaitawa. A cikin yanayin farko, ya kamata a inganta aikin gabobin jiki da tsarin jikin da cutar ta shafa. Don wannan dalili, nema:

• masu kashe ciwo;
• antipyretics;
• mahadi na diuretic;
• magungunan da ke mayar da aikin al’ada na tsarin narkewa.

A cikin layi daya tare da maganin bayyanar cututtuka, ana kuma yaki da kamuwa da cuta mai tasowa. Ana iya amfani da maganin pasteurellosis don wannan. Amma, ya kamata a lura cewa ana amfani da shi ne kawai a farkon matakai na ci gaba da mummunan nau’i na cutar. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da cutar, ya zama mara amfani. Ana yin maganin rigakafin pasteurellosis na shanu ta hanyar jijiya ko a cikin muscularly a cikin allurai da likitan dabbobi ya ƙaddara.

Alurar rigakafin pasteurellosis

Bugu da ƙari, babban magani, ana kuma danganta adadin maganin rigakafi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen magance kumburi da kuma kawar da tasowa Pasteurella. Manyan magungunan wannan shirin sun hada da:

• chloramphenicol;
• biomycin;
• streptomycin.

Ana ba da sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar magungunan sulfa daban-daban. Ana iya yin allurar glucose ta cikin jijiya don tallafawa jiki. Hanyar gabaɗaya na jiyya tana dawwama har zuwa cikakkiyar dawowar dabba kuma an ƙaddara ta kowane ɗayansu a kowane hali.

Rigakafi

Wani ma’auni mafi inganci don yaƙar pasteurellosis shine ayyukan rigakafi masu inganci:

• tabbatar da yanayin tsaftar muhalli mai kyau don kiyaye dabbobi a manyan gonaki da a cikin filaye na biyu;
• daidai daidaiton ciyar da dabba. Wannan kuma ya haɗa da saka idanu akai-akai na ingancin abinci;
• samun sabbin kawuna a cikin garken musamman daga gonakin da aka gwada kuma ba su da lafiya ga cututtuka daban-daban;
• keɓe sabbin dabbobin da aka samu na tsawon kwanaki 30 aƙalla don dubawa da allurar rigakafi;
• Samar da ma’aikatan da ke aiki a gonan kayan aikin da za su yi amfani da su musamman a wuraren aikinsu;
• lokaci-lokaci disinfection na dabbobi gine-gine, feeders da kayan aiki tare da mafita na caustic soda, slaked lemun tsami ko creolin.

Don hana yawan kamuwa da cuta na garke duka, idan ana zargin dabba da ciwon pasteurellosis, nan da nan an ware shi a cikin wani ɗaki daban. A wannan yanayin, dole ne mai kiwon dabbobi ya tuntubi ƙwararren likitan dabbobi da wuri-wuri.

Hankali! Idan an sami labarin cutar a gonar, makiyayan da ke cikinta ba su da ma’aikata kawai da dabbobin da aka yi wa rigakafin.

Kammalawa

Pasteurellosis cuta ce ta dabbobi da aka fi sani da ita. Yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako kuma a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta lokaci mai yiwuwa don rage dabbobin gona. Don haka, masu shayarwa su ba da kulawa ta musamman ga matakan rigakafi don hana shi. Bugu da kari, lokacin gano alamun cutar, yakamata ku nemi taimakon kwararru nan da nan. Ƙoƙarin magance matsalar da kanku na iya dagula al’amura.