Daidai daidaita ciyar da maruƙa ba ka damar da sauri inganta kiwon lafiya na baby, hanzarta da girma, da kuma sa harsashi ga nan gaba high yawan aiki. Sabili da haka, kafin yin shirye-shiryen abinci ga matasa dabbobi, yana da mahimmanci don zurfafa ilimin ku a cikin wannan batu. Kuma babban nuances na ciyar da maraƙi za a iya samu a cikin wannan labarin.
Ciyar da maraƙi
Abin da za a ciyar da jarirai maruƙa
Ana ciyar da ƴan maruƙan jarirai ne kawai akan colostrum na uwa. A cikin kwanaki 7 na farko na rayuwar dabbar, tana aiki a matsayin tushen abinci kawai ga jariri. Bugu da ƙari, yana da matukar muhimmanci a ba wa zuriya da yawan adadin colostrum a ranar haihuwa. Ana shafa ɗan maraƙi a kan nono na saniya a cikin sa’a ta farko bayan haihuwa. Wannan zai rage yiwuwar rashin lafiya a cikin jariri da kashi 70% kuma, bisa ga haka, yana ƙara rayuwa.
Colostrum na saniya a farkon kwanaki bayan calving yana da halin musamman high abun ciki na gina jiki, ma’adanai da kuma bitamin. Yin amfani da shi yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haɓakawa da haɓakar ɗan jariri. Amma, duk da wannan, ya zama dole don sarrafa ƙaramar madarar da dabba ke cinyewa. Don ciyarwar farko, maraƙi ya kamata ya cinye fiye da 6% na nauyin jikinsa a cikin colostrum. A wannan yanayin, abincin yau da kullun kada ya wuce kashi 20% na nauyin jikin ‘ya’yan a ranar farko. A nan gaba, ana iya ƙara shi zuwa 24%.
Dangane da yawan ciyarwa, a farkon matakin ci gaba, jariri ya kamata ya ci akalla sau 6 a rana. A cikin kwanaki 14 da kuma bayan, yawan adadin ciyarwa yana raguwa a hankali zuwa 3. A wannan yanayin, zaka iya amfani da hanyar shayarwa da shayarwa.
Fasaha ta farko ta zama ruwan dare a gonakin dabbobi kuma ana yin ta ne a cikin makonni 3 na farkon rayuwar jariri. Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi amfani da masu shayarwa na musamman tare da nono, wanda ake zuba colostrum a ciki. Kafin yin hidima, abinci yana mai zafi zuwa zafin jiki na digiri 37.
Hanyar shayarwa ta ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa ana ciyar da maraƙi kai tsaye daga nono na uwa. Yana bayar da fa’idodi masu zuwa:
- an rage haɗarin cututtuka a cikin ƙananan dabbobi;
- cakuda ya riga ya shirya don amfani da maraƙi kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin dumama da sauran manipulations;
- maraƙi yana cin abinci a cikin ƙananan sassa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun sha;
- tsananin girma na kananan dabbobi yana ƙaruwa da 30%.
Kafin aiwatar da shayarwa, yana da mahimmanci a tsaftace nono saniya sosai don guje wa kamuwa da cuta a jikin maraƙi. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar ciyarwa har zuwa ranar 5th na rayuwar dabbar.
Tsari da maraƙi kafin ciyarwa
A wasu lokuta, saniya mai yiwuwa ba ta da isasshiyar kwarin da za ta iya ciyar da jariri gabaki ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, ana iya shirya irin wannan abincin maraƙi da kansa. Don yin wannan, haɗa sosai a cikin akwati mai tsabta:
- madarar shanu – 1 l;
- qwai kaza – 4 inji mai kwakwalwa;
- man kifi – 15 g;
- gishiri tebur – 3-4 g.
Hankali! Wajibi ne don ciyar da jaririn tare da wannan cakuda a yarda da sashi na 1 lita. Ana aiwatar da abinci a ƙayyadadden lokacin kowane sa’o’i 3-5.
Muhimman Tips
Tare da ƙarancin adadin colostrum a cikin saniya, ana iya amfani da porridge na semolina. Yana saturates jikin maraƙi da sauri. An shirya irin wannan abun da ke ciki, bisa ga rabo: 4 tablespoons na hatsi ga kowane 3 lita na madara.
Tuni daga ranar 6th bayan haihuwa, jaririn yana buƙatar samar da damar samun ruwa mai yawa. Rashin ruwa zai rage yawan sha a jiki, wanda hakan zai haifar da jinkirin girma da ci gaban maraƙi. Da farko, don tabbatar da mafi kyawun adadin ruwa a cikin jiki, an ba wa jariri 1 lita na dumi (digiri 35-37) ruwan zãfi 2 hours bayan ciyarwa. An fara daga mako na 3, kawai ana zuba ruwa mai yawa a cikin masu sha. Idan ana so, ana iya maye gurbin ruwa na yau da kullun tare da hay ko pine jiko.
A cikin kwanaki 6-7, ɗan maraƙi zai iya zama a hankali saba da hay. Don yin wannan, ɗauki sabo ne, busassun ganye, daga abin da aka riga an zaɓi duk sassa masu bushe da bushewa. Sa’an nan kuma an ɗaure daɗaɗɗen da abubuwa na rumbun (10 cm sama da baya na dabba) ko sanya shi a cikin kwandon shara.
Hay a wannan shekarun yana taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin tsarin narkewa. Amma ya kamata a gabatar da shi a cikin abincin a hankali. Suna fara ciyarwa tare da ƙaramin yanki, wanda ake ƙarawa akai-akai, yana kaiwa zuwa 3 kg ta watanni 1,5.
Ana gabatar da sauran ciyarwar a cikin abinci bisa ga jadawalin da ke gaba:
Ana iya ba da karas daga kwanaki 15-17
- mai da hankali da kuma abincin da aka haɗa – daga makonni biyu da haihuwa;
- karas – daga kwanaki 15-17;
- dafaffen dankali da apples apples – don kwanaki 20-21;
- gishiri da gishiri – daga kwanaki 21;
- fodder beets aka gabatar a cikin rage cin abinci na kowane wata calves.
Abincin maraƙi daga watanni 1 zuwa 3
Ana ci gaba da koyar da maraƙi yana ɗan wata ɗaya abinci iri-iri. Tushen abincinsa a wannan lokacin za a yanka hay, wanda aka gauraye da grated beets, karas, apples da peels dankalin turawa. Ana amfani da abubuwan tattarawa azaman babban sutura.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a wannan lokacin na ci gaban jariri don kula da tsabtar mai ciyar da shi da kuma wurin da aka tsare shi gaba daya. Ana cire duk ragowar abincin daga cikin kwandon nan da nan bayan cin abinci, kuma an wanke kwandon da kansa sosai. Tushen abinci tabbas zai haifar da matsalolin narkewar abinci.
Amma yana da daraja tunawa cewa ba zai yiwu ba don cikakken samar da ka’idodin da ake bukata don ciyar da maruƙa na wata-wata tare da hay da kayan lambu. Dabbar har yanzu tana buƙatar abincin kiwo. Sabili da haka, ban da babban abincin, ana amfani da suturar saman, wanda aka shirya daga waɗannan abubuwan:
- madara – 1 l;
- nama da kashi ci abinci – 10 g;
- alli – 10 g;
- gishiri tebur – 10 g.
Irin wannan abun da ke ciki zai gyara rashin bitamin, alli da phosphorus a cikin jiki. Hakanan yana da amfani don shigar da menu maraƙi a cikin adadin 4-6 lita.
Watanni 2-3
Lokacin da maraƙin ya kai watanni 2, an sake daidaita abincinsa. An ƙara yawan abincin da aka tattara. Baya ga hatsi, alkama da sha’ir, cake da bran na iya riga an shigar da su cikin abinci a cikin ƙananan sassa.
Za a iya samun riba mai kyau idan aka yi amfani da abinci na musamman a wannan lokacin. Komawa bayarwa a wannan lokacin kar ku tsaya.
Abincin ɗanɗano shi ma wani ɓangaren abinci ne na wajibi. Bugu da ƙari, maruƙan da aka haifa a lokacin rani, ban da kayan lambu, za a iya ciyar da busassun ciyawa daga wuraren kiwo a cikin ƙananan sassa, a hankali yana ƙara girma.
Ana ƙara hay a cikin adadin 1 kg kowace rana. Bugu da ƙari, yana da kyawawa don jiƙa shi a cikin saline kafin yin hidima. Wannan zai rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta a cikin hanji.
Dankali shine kyakkyawan tushen bitamin
Don tabbatar da ma’aunin ma’adinai da ma’aunin bitamin da suka dace, ana kuma shigar da ɗakunan da suka dace a cikin abinci. Kyakkyawan tushen bitamin shine dankali, wanda ake ciyar da maruƙa a cikin ɗanyen su, 250 g kowace kai kowace rana. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara abinci da alli da gishiri.
Abincin maraƙi daga watanni 3 zuwa 6
A wata na 3 na rayuwa, adadin madara a cikin menu na maraƙi yana raguwa a hankali, kuma an dakatar da shi gaba daya da rabin shekara. A cikin wannan lokacin, kimanin adadin abincin yau da kullun na dabba shine kamar haka:
- 1-1,5 kilogiram na abinci mai hade;
- 1.5 kilogiram na beets da dankali;
- 1.5 kilogiram na ciyawa;
- 1.5 kg na tumatir;
- 5 lita na juyawa.
Tabbas, irin wannan makirci na iya bambanta dangane da nauyin ɗan maraƙi, yanayin tsarewa da manufar shanun. Idan wannan lokacin ciyarwa ya faɗi a lokacin rani, to yana da kyau a maye gurbin adadin da aka nuna na hay tare da 2 kg na ciyawa. Don wannan, ana fitar da maraƙi zuwa makiyaya. Babban abu shi ne cewa yana da wurare masu shaded da yawa da kuma tushen ruwa mai tsabta.
Idan mai mallakar dabbobi yana da damar yin kiwo kyauta, to, ciyawa mai sabo na iya zama tushen duk abincin, kuma ana iya amfani da abinci mai mahimmanci da kayan lambu kawai azaman miya. A wannan yanayin, yau da kullum na ciyawa ga maraƙi mai watanni 3 zai zama 10 kg. Da watanni 6, dole ne a ƙara hankali zuwa 20 kg.
Ciyar da kananan dabbobi bayan watanni 6
A ƙarshen lokacin madarar nono, an zaɓi abinci ga dabbobi musamman a hankali. A wannan yanayin, yana dogara ne ba kawai akan bukatun jiki na jiki ba, har ma a kan manufar dabbobi.
Don haka, a wajen kitso nama, ɗan maraƙi ɗan wata shida na yini yana buƙatar:
Tushen amfanin gona don maruƙa
- 8 kilogiram na yankakken tushen amfanin gona da kayan lambu;
- 5 kilogiram na abinci mai gina jiki;
- 3 kg na hay;
- yalwa da sabo ciyawa daga makiyaya.
Muhimmanci! Wadannan kudaden suna karuwa a hankali kowane wata. Don haka, adadin kayan lambu da aka ciyar da watanni 10 ya kamata ya riga ya zama 12 kg.
Samun ruwa mai tsabta kyauta yana da matukar mahimmanci.
Idan an bi waɗannan ka’idoji a cikin ciyarwa, farawa daga watan 6, maruƙa ya kamata su ba da nauyin nauyin 700-900 g. Wannan ita ce babbar alamar tasirin da aka zaɓa na shirin kitso. Har ila yau, kasancewar ci a cikin matasa dabbobi da babban aiki nuna daidai zabi na abinci.
Idan ba a lura da girma na dogon lokaci ba, kuma dabbar ta zama m kuma ta ci abinci mafi muni, an sanya shi zuwa wani rukuni na maruƙa. A can ne likitan dabbobi ya duba su, kuma idan babu cututtuka, ana tura matasa dabbobi zuwa wani ingantaccen abinci na musamman.
Tabbatar yin la’akari da shekarun da ake bukata don ma’adanai da bitamin. Dole ne a zaɓi ciyarwar ta hanyar da sashin ciyarwar makamashi 1 ke lissafin:
- 8 g na calcium;
- 6-7 g na gishiri gishiri;
- 5 g na phosphorus;
- 30 MG na carotene;
- 50 MG na bitamin E.
Fiye da daidai, an shirya abinci bisa ga halaye na ilimin lissafi na wani dabba. Ana ƙayyade ingancin ciyarwa da nauyin ɗan maraƙi mai shekara ɗaya. A al’ada, ya kamata ya zama akalla 50% na yawan shanu na manya.
Amfani da bitamin kari
Vitamins suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen girma da ci gaban shanu. Amma ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a sake cika ajiyar su a cikin jiki ta hanyar abinci kawai ba. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin hunturu da farkon bazara, jiki yana buƙatar musamman bitamin mai yawa, kuma rashin su zai iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban. A wannan lokacin, yana da kyawawa don ƙara abinci tare da hadaddun bitamin.
Wani tasiri kayan aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci ne da miyagun ƙwayoyi “Trivitamin”. 4-5 saukad da wannan abun da ke ciki ana ƙara zuwa abinci don maruƙa daidai da umarnin. Biovit-80 da Eleovit suma suna da irin wannan tasiri a jikin jariri. Ana gabatar da irin waɗannan kudade a cikin abincin dabba daga mako na 3rd.
“Eleovit”
Hakanan, shirye-shiryen Gavryusha da Nucleopeptide sune mafi kyawun tushen bitamin ga dabbobi. Amma ba kamar yadda aka ambata a baya ba, irin waɗannan abubuwan ƙari ana gudanar da su ga dabbobi a cikin tsoka.
Yana da kyau a yi amfani da duk wani hadadden bitamin da kari daban-daban bayan tuntubar likitan dabbobi. In ba haka ba, dabbobi na iya haɓaka hypervitaminosis, wanda kuma yana da illa ga jiki.
Daga cikin magungunan jama’a waɗanda ke ba ku damar sake cika ajiyar bitamin na maraƙi, jiko na allura ya shahara musamman. Shirya shi kamar haka:
- 1 kilogiram na allura (spruce ko pine) an shimfiɗa su a cikin babban kwanon rufi, wanda a baya ya rabu da reshe da kansa.
- Ƙara lita 5 na ruwan zafi a cikin akwati ɗaya.
- Sakamakon abun da ke ciki an kawo shi zuwa tafasa, bayan haka an rage zafi zuwa ƙananan kuma tafasa don rabin sa’a.
- Bayan jiko ya yi sanyi sosai, an fitar da duk allura, an canza shi zuwa gauze kuma an sake matse ruwan a hankali a cikin akwati.
Sakamakon abin sha na bitamin ana ba da maruƙa daga makonni 2. Kafin yin hidima, an ɗan ɗanɗana shi kuma an dilla ɗan ƙaramin gishiri a ciki. Ɗaya daga cikin ɓangaren jiko ga dabba shine 50 g kowace rana. Da watanni 2, a hankali ana ƙara shi zuwa lita 1.
A lokacin rani, matasa za su gamsu da bitamin da suke cinye tare da ciyawa da kayan lambu. Saboda haka, a wannan lokacin ba lallai ba ne don samar da shi tare da ƙarin hadaddun bitamin.
Tabbas, ba lallai ba ne a yi la’akari da duk waɗannan abubuwan yayin ciyar da shanu matasa. Amma a wannan yanayin, dabbobi sukan nuna tabarbarewar lafiya, raguwar …
