A rumbun ajiye shanu ba ka damar cimma high yawan aiki na dabbobi da kuma yadda ya kamata shirya shi domin mai zuwa calving. Matakan shirye-shiryen sun dogara ne akan dakatar da nono da kuma tabbatar da mafi kyawun kulawa. Ana ciyar da ciyarwa bisa ga algorithm da aka ba, tare da ƙarin hadaddun bitamin. Matsakaicin lokacin bushewa shine watanni 2. A mafi yawan lokuta, calving yana faruwa kwanaki 285 bayan haihuwa ta ƙarshe. Ba a ware karkacewa, bai wuce mako ɗaya ba.
Kula da saniya
Ajiye saniya a gona mai zaman kansa
Tsayar da saniya a cikin gida mai zaman kansa yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasu yanayi waɗanda shanu za su ji daɗi. Ayyukan dabba ya dogara da ingancin abincin da aka bayar da kuma wurin zama. Yawancin gidaje ba a yi niyya don kiwon shanu ba. Rashin yanayi mara kyau, ɗakunan da ba su da iska da ƙananan haske suna da mummunar tasiri akan adadin madara da aka samar.
Babban shawarwarin sun haɗa da:
- ƙirƙirar tsarin zafin jiki mafi kyau (8-15 ° C);
- gyaran zafi (ba fiye da 70%);
- kasafi na mafi kyau duka cubic iya aiki da shanu (30 m3).
Kowace saniya an ba da takamaiman wuri – rumfa. A cewar masana, ana bada shawara don shigar da shi a cikin kusurwar da aka saba daga ƙofar. Wurin ciyarwa yana hawa daura da taga. Idan an ajiye shanu da yawa a cikin sito, yanki mafi kyaun wuri shine 5-6 m2 kowace dabba. Idan saniya tana zaune tare da maraƙi, adadi yana ƙaruwa zuwa 10 m2.
Don kiyaye shanu, yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar ba kawai yanayi mafi kyau a cikin rumbun ba, amma har ma kula da mai ciyarwa. Dole ne dabba ya sami damar samun kyauta zuwa wurin ƙarfafawa. Amintaccen abu don mai ciyarwa shine allo ko ƙarfe. Babban abu shine cewa nau’in ginin da aka zaba shine tsabta da kuma dorewa.
Tushen na biyu na rumfar shine magudanar ruwa. Dole ne a cire kayan sharar dabbobi ba tare da kasawa ba. Idan ba a cire su ba, ana samun iskar gas masu haɗari ga saniya a cikin iska, wanda zai iya cutar da ita. Magudanar ruwa wani magudanar ruwa ne a ƙarshen rumfar tare da ɗan gangara. Nan da nan bayan gutter akwai ramin magudanar ruwa, inda duk abubuwan sharar gida, gami da datti, magudanar ruwa.
Magudanar ruwa
Shanu suna kwashe kusan awa 14 a rana suna kwance. Dole ne a shimfiɗa bene, hutawa a kan damp da wuyar ƙasa yana rinjayar samar da kayan kiwo. A ƙarshe, mazaunin shanu yana sanye da haske, yana da kyawawa cewa hasken baya kuma yana aiki da dare.
Muhimmanci! Yin biyayya da ƙa’idodi na asali zai haifar da yanayi mafi kyau don kiyaye dabbobi. Ba wai kawai jin daɗin dabba ba, har ma da adadin kayan kiwo da aka samar ya dogara da amincin ayyukan masu mallakar.
Kulawa da ciyarwa a lokacin rani
Kula da saniya a lokacin rani yana buƙatar tafiya cikin tsari a wani yanki na musamman. Dole ne dabbar ta shaka iska kuma ta ci ciyawa. Wurin tafiya yana sanye da alfarwa, wannan shine abin da ake bukata don kare saniya daga mummunan tasirin hasken rana kai tsaye. A ƙarƙashin alfarwa, an shigar da gidan gandun daji tare da briquette gishiri.
Ciyarwa baya buƙatar bin kowace ƙa’ida. Koyaya, wannan ya shafi lokacin bazara ne kawai na shekara. Dabbar tana cin ciyawa mai sabo, kuma mafi yawan lokaci tana cikin makiyaya. Da yamma, dole ne a ciyar da shanu da niƙaƙƙen nama. Wannan aikin yana sauƙaƙe tsarin “corralling” shanu a cikin rumbun kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan ingancin madara.
Muhimmi: Dole ne a sami ruwa kyauta. Bugu da ƙari, ana ciyar da dabbobi da sabbin kayan lambu da ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Don samun matsakaicin adadin madara, ya kamata a shayar da saniya da kyau. A ranar farko ta calving, ana aiwatar da wannan aikin har zuwa sau 5 a rana. Ciyarwar da ta dace da kulawa za ta sami sakamako mai ma’ana kuma ya ba da dukan iyali tare da inganci mai kyau da madara na halitta.
Nau’in kiwon shanu
Akwai hanyoyin da aka yarda da su na kiwon shanu waɗanda ke ba ku damar ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau ga shanu da samun matsakaicin adadin kayan kiwo. Bisa ga bayanan da aka amince, dabbar tana iya rayuwa:
- zuwa makiyaya;
- a cikin rumfa;
- a kan leshi;
- ba tare da leshi ba;
- a dambe.
Kowace hanyar abun ciki yana da nasa amfani da rashin amfani. Don fahimtar tsarin, yana da kyau a fahimci kanku tare da manyan nuances daki-daki.
Kiwo
Kiwon kiwo na shanu wani nau’i ne mai fa’ida a fannin tattalin arziki. Dabbobin yana ci gaba da kasancewa a kan kewayon kyauta, a cikin lokacin dumi yana ciyar da ciyawa. Wannan yana adana mahimmanci akan farashin abinci kuma yana taimakawa hana haɓakar cututtuka da yawa. Shanu suna jin daɗi a yanayin kiwo, abincinsu yana da kyau, alaƙar jima’i daidai ne, duk gabobin jiki da tsarin jiki suna ƙarfafawa sosai.
Shanu masu kiwo
Masana sun ba da shawarar zabar wuraren kiwo tare da babban ganye, tare da fifikon legumes da hatsi. Wajibi ne a guje wa gandun daji da dausayi, a cikin irin wannan yanayi akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cuta tare da kowane irin cututtuka. Ya kamata a sami wurin shayarwa kusa da wurin kiwo, don samun isasshen adadin ruwa da ake buƙata.
A cikin wuraren buɗewa, haifuwa na shanu yana faruwa daidai. An kafa dangantakar jima’i, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga yanayin ‘ya’ya na gaba.
Stoilovoe
Kiwon dabbobi ya dan yi kasa da nau’in kiwo. Koyaya, yana da mashahuri a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da kusan ba zai yuwu a sami sabbin kayan abinci ba. A wannan yanayin, ciyawa tana tsaye a cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri ana nufin. Abubuwan da ke cikin rumfa sun dogara ne akan ƙirƙirar yanayin rayuwa mafi kyau, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin ƙa’idodin gida.
Irin wannan nau’in yana da kyau ga masu shanu waɗanda ke zaune kusa da inda suke zaune kuma ba su da wuraren buɗewa ko makiyaya tare da damar samun ciyawa kyauta. Ana tattara kayan abinci masu ƙayatarwa na kore kuma ana ba da su ga shanu a matsayin kari ga babban abincin abinci. Don inganta ingancin kayan kiwo, masana sun ba da shawarar barin shanu a kowace rana don 2-3 hours.
Daure
Kiwon saniya mai ɗaure
Abubuwan da aka haɗa ana ɗaukar nau’in gama gari. Shanu suna zaune a rumfuna, tare da na’urori da aka ƙirƙira don gyarawa. Ana aiwatar da duk magudi, gami da ciyarwa, shayarwa, hutawa da barci a cikin rumfuna. Dabbar ba ta barin wurin da aka ware. Ana isar da abinci zuwa rumfar da ake rarrabawa a tsakanin shanun, ingancin kayan kiwo ya dogara da ingancin kayan abinci. Ana yin nono ta amfani da injuna na musamman.
Ana yin gidaje masu ɗaure a cikin manyan gonaki da aka yi niyya don siyar da kayayyakin kiwo da ƙarin sarrafa su a cikin masana’antar abinci.
sako-sako
Ba a yin amfani da abin da aka sako-sako da yawa. Dabbobi suna motsawa cikin yardar kaina a cikin yankin da aka ba su. Ana yin hutu, ciyarwa da kiwo bisa ga takamaiman algorithm. An yi amfani da dabarun da ba a haɗa su ba a ƙasashen waje. Ana ajiye shanu a cikin akwatuna na musamman, kuma lokaci zuwa lokaci ana fitar da mutane don yin nono a wuraren da aka keɓe don wannan aikin.
Magana. Bisa ga binciken, an gano cewa gidaje marasa kyau suna kara yawan aiki.
A cikin kwalaye
Akwatin ajiyar shanu ana gudanar da shi a cikin sassan rukuni na musamman. Dabbobin yana ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin akwatin, lokaci-lokaci yana zuwa ciyarwa a kishiyar rumfar. Sashe na kayan aiki na ginin yana ba da damar yin amfani da aikin aikin hutawa, kulawa, ƙarfafawa da nono. A cikin kowane sashe akwai kimanin shugabannin 35-50, ana gudanar da rarraba bisa ga yanayin yanayin dabbobi.
Akwatin ajiyar shanu
Abubuwan da ke cikin akwatunan suna adana sarari sosai kuma suna ba ku damar yin duk matakai a matakin injina. Wannan aikin yana rage buƙatar amfani da yanayin ɗan adam kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan yawan amfanin madara mai madara.
Wace hanya za a zaɓa?
Hanyoyin da ake da su na ajiye shanu a gida da kuma a wuraren da aka keɓe na musamman suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar wani microclimate a cikin wuraren. Lokacin zabar wata fasaha ta musamman, wajibi ne a yi la’akari da manufofin wannan samarwa. A cikin hanyar kungiya, mahimman ka’idodin zaɓin shine ciyarwa, magudanar ruwa, hutawa, tsarin madara, da dai sauransu. Yawancin ya dogara da manufar kiyaye dabbobi.
Kammalawa
Kula da shanu tsari ne da aka inganta shi bisa ingantacciyar yanayin rayuwa. Halin ɗan adam yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan tsari. Jin daɗin shanu, inganci da yawan adadin albarkatun madara ya dogara da zaɓin hanyar kiyayewa da bin duk ka’idodin kulawa.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
