Alamu da maganin clostridium a cikin shanu

A cikin yanayi, akwai adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da cututtuka iri-iri a tsakanin mutane da dabbobi. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan cututtuka shine clostridium na shanu, wanda ke shafar tsarin da gabobin daban-daban. Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan kamuwa da cuta suna iya dawwama a cikin yanayi na dogon lokaci, suna haifar da barazana ga dabbobi masu lafiya.

Lafiyayyan shanu

Menene bovine clostridium?

Magani mai haifar da clostridiosis shine bacillus mai spore-forming bacillus wanda ya yadu a cikin yanayi kuma yana da tsayayya ga abubuwa masu banƙyama. Clostium yawanci rarrabe zuwa manyan nau’ikan manyan nau’ikan guda biyu waɗanda ke haifar da tasirin guba ko lalacewa ta inji.

An bambanta shanu ta hanyar mai saukin kamuwa da shan kashi na wannan cuta, mafi haɗari bayyanar cututtuka na faruwa a cikin nau’i na botulism, m edema da tetanus. Idan kamuwa da cuta ya shiga jikin dabba, tsarin juyayi ko tsarin gastrointestinal ya fi shafa.

Sakamakon kamuwa da cuta tare da kwayoyin cuta, sakamako mai saurin mutuwa yana yiwuwa. A wannan yanayin, idan babu magani na lokaci, akwai yiwuwar yawan mutuwar dabbobi.

Sauran nau’ikan cutar sun hada da anaerobic enterotoxinemia da emcar. Ba tare da la’akari da bayyanar cututtuka da bayyanar cututtuka ba, clostridiosis yana haifar da mummunar haɗari ga shanu, sabili da haka yana buƙatar gaggawa da ƙwarewa, da kuma ɗaukar matakan kariya na musamman.

Dalilan bayyanar

Clostridia suna rayuwa galibi a cikin yanayin anoxic, kuma wasu ƴan jinsuna ne kawai ke iya haifuwa a gaban iskar oxygen. Wuraren da aka fi so shine ƙasa da ruwa, kuma yanayin da ya fi dacewa don haifuwa shine rashin iskar oxygen da zafi.

Manyan dalilan kamuwa da cuta sune:

• rashin ingancin abinci;
• gurbataccen ruwa da ƙasa na pathogen;
• rashin tsafta a wuraren da ake ajiye shanu.

Rashin tsabta a wuraren da ake ajiye shanu

Shahararrun hanyoyin shiga cikin clostridia a cikin jikin dabba sune ciyarwa (enterotoxemia, botulism) da rauni (m edema, emkar, tetanus).

Alamun

Alamar bayyanar cututtuka na clostridiosis ya dogara da jagorancin tsarin kamuwa da cuta. Mafi sau da yawa, kamuwa da cuta yana bayyana ta hanyar sakamako mai guba, wanda ke faruwa a kan bangon tarin abubuwa masu guba a cikin jiki. Yana haifar da lalacewa ga kyallen takarda, gabobin jiki da tsarin juyayi na dabba, sau da yawa tare da sakamako mai mutuwa. Kadan fiye da haka, clostridiosis yana faruwa tare da inji, tasiri mai ƙarfi.

Farkon bayyanar cutar ita ce tabarbarewar yanayin gaba daya, ƙin shan ruwa da abinci. Sau da yawa akwai gudawa. Sauran alamun suna nuna nau’in cutar kuma fara magani.

Wani nau’i na clostridiosis

Alamun

Ƙarin alamun

m edema

Akwai edema na nama mai kitse na subcutaneous, wanda ke rarrafe akan palpation. Lalacewar tana ci gaba da sauri. Mutuwa tana faruwa kwanaki 3-5 bayan kamuwa da cuta. Zazzabi yana tashi da wuya kuma baya wuce 42 ° C. Akwai rashin jin daɗi na dabba, ƙara yawan numfashi da bugun zuciya, rage cin abinci.

Anaerobic enterotoxemia

A cikin dabbobin da suka kamu da cutar (mafi yawa matasa), daidaitawa yana wahala. Suna rasa ma’auni, lokacin motsi, ana lura da shakiness. Ciwon tsoka na faruwa lokaci-lokaci. Akwai gajiya, ƙara yawan bugun zuciya da numfashi. Wani lokaci akwai stool mai ruwa mai launin ruwan kasa, kumfa da hadewar jini. Zazzabi yana tashi zuwa 41 ko 42 ° C.

botulism

Ƙarfin haɗiye da kansa yana da lahani, sakamakon abin da kullin abinci ba ya motsawa ta cikin esophagus. Ruwa yana gudana cikin yardar kaina ta cikin hanci. Yanayin zafi ba ya tashi, amma akwai saurin raguwa. A hankali akwai lacrimation. A wasu lokuta, makanta ko gudawa na tasowa.

Emkar

Akwai tafiya mai ban tsoro da gurguwa. Akwai zafi mai zafi tare da iyakoki masu iya gani, waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da kumburin sanyi mai yaduwa. Suna ƙunshe da ƙazanta, ƙazantaccen exudate, kuma suna haifar da daɗaɗɗen ɗabi’a akan palpation. Akwai baƙin ciki gabaɗaya tare da wahala a cikin ƙarancin numfashi. Zuciya tana bugun ƙasa akai-akai, kuma yawan zafin jiki yakan tashi zuwa 41-42°C

Tetanus

Yana ci gaba da shanyayyun tsokoki (mafi yawan taunawa), yana samun taurin gani. Kamewa da ƙara gumi na iya faruwa. An danne tsarin narkewar abinci har zuwa tsayawa gaba daya. Gabaɗaya yanayin jin daɗi. A lokaci guda, zafin jiki yana kasancewa cikin kewayon al’ada.

Bugu da ƙari ga duk abubuwan da ke sama, akwai ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka a cikin nau’i na ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph da kuma zubar da jini a kan mucous membranes.

Bincike

Matakan farko na matakin bincike shine binciken dabba da bayyana yanayin wurin zama da abincinta. A matsayin ƙarin hanyoyin bincike, ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje na zamani, waɗanda ake yin su bayan tattara abubuwan da suka dace:

• gwajin immunosorbent mai alaƙa;
• gwajin cytotoxic;
• nazarin jini.

Gwajin jini

Bugu da ƙari, za a iya yin wani endoscopy na hanji, wanda ke nuna alamar launin rawaya a kan mucosa. Suna da halayyar pseudomembranous colitis. Har ila yau, ana aika najasa, wanke-wanke ko amai, da duk wasu samfuran da ake tuhuma, don bincike.

Magani

Maganin ya dogara ne akan keɓewar shanu marasa lafiya daga masu lafiya. Suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau don kiyayewa da ciyarwa. Idan an gano tetanus, za a buƙaci ƙarin kwanciya mai laushi da ɗumi, da kuma ɗan ƙaranci ga abubuwan motsa jiki na waje. Jiyya na clostridium dole ne ya ƙunshi amfani da maganin rigakafi na etiotropic.

A matsayin magungunan magani, yawanci ana amfani da Metronidazole, Vancomycin, Ampicillin, Chlortetracycline, Tetracycline. A cikin m lokuta, enterosorbents zai zama da amfani. Kuma bayan ƙarshen maganin rigakafi, ana buƙatar hanya na prebiotics. Idan an sami raunuka na gida (rauni), dole ne a gudanar da magani tare da bayani na potassium permanganate ko peroxide (3%).

Bugu da ƙari, zai zama dole don lalata wuraren da ake tsare da su, yankin da ke kusa, kaya da taki. Tare da enterotoxemia da botulism, kada ku iyakance wurin shayarwa. Zai fi kyau a yi zurfin enemas ko flushing. Musamman mahimmanci ya kamata a ba da abinci. A rana ta farko, ya fi dacewa don iyakance kanka ga abincin yunwa, bayan haka kana buƙatar gabatar da abinci mai sauƙi a hankali.

Rigakafi

Bayan farfadowa, yawancin dabbobi suna haɓaka juriya mai kyau. A cikin hanyoyi da yawa, ya dogara da tsawon lokacin tsarin cututtuka da tsanani. Don hana sake dawowa na clostridium, ya kamata ku ɗauki matakan kariya masu zuwa:

• a kai a kai kashe duk wuraren da dabbobi;
• gabatar da dokar hana kiwo a kusa da wuraren binne shanu da wuraren mutuwa;
• kiyaye ka’idodin asepsis yayin aiwatar da kowane matakan bincike da hanyoyin warkewa;
• kawar da gurbataccen abinci daga abinci;
• gudanar da kan lokaci sarrafa na hooves.

Kula da kaho

Baya ga duk abubuwan da ke sama, yin rigakafi na saniya yana yiwuwa. Amma mafi sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don hana enterotoxemia a cikin mafi barazanar yankunan clastridium da gonaki marasa galihu.

Ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya masu ƙwarewa da alhakin kiwon dabbobi suna da masaniya game da alamun clostridium a cikin shanu, wanda ke ba su damar daukar matakan gaggawa don kawar da shi da kuma hana shi. Ƙananan ƙwararrun masu shayarwa za su amfana daga sanin kansu da alamun cutar. Irin wannan ilimin zai hana yiwuwar ci gaban clostridiosis kuma ya guje wa asarar dabbobi masu yawa.