Dokin Rasha

Fiye da shekaru dubu daya sun shude tun lokacin da mutum ya yi gida na dokin farko. A duk tsawon wannan lokacin, irin waɗannan dabbobin sun kasance wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar yau da kullun, ana amfani da su don noma gonaki, jigilar kayayyaki, da yaƙin neman zaɓe. Bugu da ƙari, mutane da sauri sun gane cewa doki sun bambanta a tsakaninsu ta hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda suka fi dacewa da wani sana’a. A sakamakon haka, waɗannan halaye sun fara haɓaka da gangan, sakamakon haka an samar da layin nau’in da aka sani da mu. A yau akwai ɗaruruwa da yawa daga cikinsu, daga cikinsu akwai nau’ikan dawakai kusan 30 na Rasha. Mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Rasha irin doki

Budennovskaya

Dokin Budyonnovsky da aka fi sani da shi ya bayyana a sakamakon hayewa wakilan nau’in Don da dawakai na Ingilishi. Babban tsarin kiwo a cikin wannan shugabanci ya fara ne a cikin 1920. Mawallafinsa shine S. Budyonny da kansa, bayan wanda aka sanya wa nau’in suna.

Da farko, marshal ya shirya fitar da dabbar da ke nuna kanta yadda ya kamata a cikin tuki da kuma a cikin daftarin aiki. Tsarin zaɓin ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru 20 kuma ya ƙare kawai a cikin 1948, lokacin da aka yi rajistar nau’in bisa hukuma. Amma da yake ba a yin hawan doki ko abin ɗamara a wancan lokacin, an fara amfani da irin nau’in ne kawai a wasanni.

Budyonnovsky dawakai suna bambanta da girman girman su da ƙarfin jiki. Matsakaicin tsayin doki shine 170 cm. A lokaci guda, ana iya gano waɗannan siffofi a cikin bayyanar dabba:

• jiki na tsoka mai siffar rectangular tare da lebur baya da croup masu tasowa;
• fadin kirji;
• dogon wuya mai ban sha’awa;
• matsakaiciyar kai mai fadi da goshi;
• kafafu masu karfi na daidaitaccen tsari tare da tsokoki masu tasowa da haɗin gwiwa.

Launin irin waɗannan dawakai ja ne na musamman a cikin inuwa daban-daban. A wasu mutane, an haɗa shi da fararen fata a goshi da kuma gindin kofato.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa ban da daidaitattun nau’in irin waɗannan dabbobin, ana ɗaukar ƙarin nau’ikan na waje guda biyu:

1. M. Yana ɗaukar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin jikin dabbar da ƙarin girma.
2. Gabas Siffofin wannan nau’in, akasin haka, sun fi kyau kuma ba su da girma.

Da Don

Don Cossacks ya kirkiro dokin Don a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX. Irin wannan dabba ana kiwo ne domin a kammala rundunonin sojan doki a yakin da ake yi da Turkiyya. Tushen wannan nau’in layin shine dokin Rostov steppe. An ketare ta da dawakan Turkiyya, Turkmen da Farisa, wadanda sojojin suka samu a yakin neman zabe. Domin kara inganta sabon nau’in, an yi amfani da wakilan Oryol da wasu nau’in Larabawa a cikin aikin.

Sakamakon dogon zaɓi shine dabba mai biyayya, mai sauri da kuma motsa jiki. An yi nasarar amfani da shi duka don hawa da kuma cikin ƙungiyoyi.

Wakilan wannan nau’in layin suna girma zuwa 160-165 cm. A lokaci guda, waɗannan sifofi masu zuwa suna musamman suna bayyana a waje:

• bushe jiki;
• karfi elongated jiki tare da ci gaban tsokoki;
• kai tsaye;
• kirji mai zurfi;
• wuyansa mai fadi;
• ƙananan kai da ƙananan kunnuwa;
• busassun ƙafafu masu ƙarfi tare da faɗin kofato masu siffa masu kyau.

Don doki

Launin dabbobi galibi launin ruwan kasa ne ko ja. Gajeren maniyin shima launin ruwan kasa ne, amma launinsa ya fi babban kwat din duhu duhu.

Halin dawakai Don yana da kwanciyar hankali, daidaitacce. An bambanta su da saurin koyo, aminci ga mai shi da hankali. Daga cikin halayen jiki, an bambanta juriya da maneuverability na dawakai.

A yau, ’yan kantunan Don da ’yan mata sun shahara a gasar wasanni. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da su zuwa ƙungiyoyi. Har ila yau, yanayin kwanciyar hankali na dabba yana ba ku damar amfani da shi lokacin koyawa yara su hau.

Orlovsky trotter

An yi la’akari da Orlovsky trotter a matsayin girman kai na kiwon doki na Rasha. Wannan dabbar tana burge masu sauraro tare da alherinsa, kyawunta da fitattun halaye na zahiri. Oryol dawakai da aka bred a kan himma na sanannen count, kazalika da Janar Orlov. Babban burinsa shi ne ya sami ɗan doki mai sauri, mai ƙarfi wanda zai zama taimako ga mahaya.

Don cimma waɗannan manufofin, ƙidayar ta tanadi balaguron balaguro da yawa waɗanda ke neman mafi kyawun kayan kiwo. Babban aikin ya faru a kan ƙasa na gonar ingarma na Khrenovsky. An ɗauki waɗannan abubuwan a matsayin tushen sabon layin jinsi:

• Dawakan Turkmen;
• Dawakan dawakai na Larabawa;
• Yaren mutanen Holland;
• Dan wasan Danish.

Janar ya sami nasara a irin wannan aikin a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, lokacin da wakilan farko na dokin Oryol suka bayyana. Ba da daɗewa ba irin waɗannan dabbobin sun zama mahalarta na yau da kullun kuma galibi suna cin nasara a nune-nunen ƙasashen waje. A lokaci guda kuma, yawancin masu kiwon kiwo na kasashen waje sun nemi su sayi sabon doki a cikin tarin su.

Orlovsky trotter ya gaji mafi kyawun halaye daga duk nau’ikan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kiwo. Girman dokin ya kai alamar 160 cm. A lokaci guda kuma, tsarin mulkin dabba, ko da yake bushe, yana da ƙarfi tare da tsokoki masu tasowa. A cikin bayyanar, an bambanta fasali masu zuwa:

• gangar jikin elongated rectangular tare da lebur baya da faɗin croup;
• kirji mai zurfi;
• wuyan alheri;
• m kai tare da bayanin martaba;
• dogayen kafafu tare da na’urori masu tasowa na tendon-muscular.

Gashi na dabbobi gajere ne, amma a lokaci guda lokacin farin ciki da m don taɓawa. Launi ya fi sau da yawa baƙar fata ko launin ruwan duhu. An saita wutsiya tsayi kuma yana girma kusan zuwa kofato.

Oryol nau’in doki

Tun bayan bayyanarsu, ana amfani da irin waɗannan dawakai sosai a wasannin dawaki. Sun nuna babban sakamako a nuna tsalle, sutura da gudu. Hakanan ana amfani da doki da mares a cikin fage.

hawan Rasha

Count Orlov kuma ya fara aiki a kan dokin doki na Rasha. Don kiwo wannan dabba, ya yi amfani da hayewa na wakilan nau’i hudu a lokaci daya. Magabatan sabon layin jinsin sune:

• Dawakan Larabawa;
• Turanci sosai;
• Turkmen;
• Dawakan Turkiyya.

Don ƙarin haɓaka, an yi amfani da wasu nau’ikan iri. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1801, a lokacin rayuwar janar na farko ya bayyana babban doki na Oryol. Daga baya an haɗa shi tare da dawakai na Rostopchinsky, waɗanda Count Rostopchinsky suka bred. Haɗin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)) sun nuna kyakkyawan aiki na sauri. Tare da horarwar da ta dace, irin waɗannan dabbobin sun ketare duk abokan hamayya da kai. Dokin dokin Rasha an yi masa rajista a hukumance a shekarar 1997.

Girman irin wannan doki ya kai 165 cm. Babban nuances na waje na layin irin sun haɗa da:

• dogon jiki na tsoka;
• kai tsaye;
• croup mai fadi;
• kirji mai zurfi;
• dogayen kafafu na daidaitaccen tsari;
• dogon wuya tare da matsakaicin kai.

Launin talikan ya fi yawa. Fentin kafafun kofato da fari ne. Halin doki yana da nutsuwa, yana da zamantakewa, mai biyayya da baiwa da basira mai tasowa.

Soviet manyan motoci

Babban motar Soviet ya riga ya zama mai ban mamaki kawai a cikin bayyanarsa. Wadannan manya-manyan dabbobin an yi kiwonsu ta hanyar tsallakawar percherons, ardenes da wasu manyan nau’ikan dawakai. A sakamakon haka, an haifar da sabon layin nau’in, wanda ya shahara a duk faɗin duniya har zuwa yau.

Girman babban motar yana da ban sha’awa sosai. Tsayinsa ya kai 172 cm. A lokaci guda, matsakaicin nauyi shine ton 1. Siffofin bayyanar su ne:

• gangar jikin rectangular tare da tsokoki masu ƙarfi;
• fadi da kirji tare da ma’anar tsokoki a fili;
• croup mai fadi;
• in mun gwada da gajerun gaɓoɓi masu faɗi da ƙarfi;
• wuyan wuyansa;
• matsakaicin girman kai.

Doki irin na Soviet nauyi truck

Kwat da wando, a matsayin mai mulkin, shine bay ko ɗauka daya da inuwar ja. Sauran launuka ba su da yawa.

Ana bambanta manyan manyan motoci ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali da zamantakewa. Mai shi yana saurare babu shakka.

Amma, duk da bayyanar ban sha’awa, halayen jiki na irin waɗannan dabbobi sun fi ban mamaki. Wakilan wannan nau’in layin sune zakarun na yanzu a cikin ƙarfi. Shahararren dan wasa mai suna Force ya iya motsa wani kaya mai nauyin kusan ton 23 sama da nisan mita 35. Dangane da noman nono da nama, waɗannan dawakai su ma ba su da tamani.

Yakutskaya

Dawakan Yakut ma na musamman ne. Wannan layin nau’in ya dace da yanayi mai tsauri wanda aka haifa. Tsawon dabba, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 140 cm ba. Sauran fasalulluka na waje sun haɗa da:

• jiki mai nauyi;
• gajeren kafafu masu karfi;
• croup mai fadi;
• matsakaicin girman kai.

Amma babban fasalin shine dogon gashi, wanda zai iya kaiwa 15 cm. Saboda murfin woolen mai yawa, dabbar tana yawo cikin nutsuwa a cikin ƙasa har ma da digiri -60, yana tsage dusar ƙanƙara don neman abinci.

Irin waɗannan dabbobi ana yin su ne don nama da madara. A wasu lokuta, ana kuma amfani da manyan kantuna don yin tafiya tsakanin matsuguni.

Vyatka

Har yanzu ba a san ainihin lokacin bayyanar dawakai na Vyatka ba. Mutane da yawa masu bincike da’awar cewa sun bayyana a cikin XIV karni. A cewar wasu majiyoyi, an lura da su ne kawai a lokacin sarautar Bitrus Mai Girma. Amma ba tare da togiya ba, duk masana sun yarda cewa wannan layin nau’in ba a yi shi da gangan ba. Ya ci gaba a cikin yanayin zaɓin daji na halitta. Da farko, sun zauna a cikin gandun daji da lawns.

Bayan kiwon irin waɗannan dabbobi, an yi amfani da su sosai azaman dabbobi. Troikas na dawakai Vyatka sun shahara. Suna tafiya cikin sauƙi a kan titin dazuzzukan da ke cike da girma da dusar ƙanƙara.

Vyatka dawakai

Matsakaicin tsayin irin waɗannan dawakai shine 150 cm. An bambanta su da kwarangwal mai faɗi da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin mulki da aka rushe. Daga cikin wasu siffofi na bayyanar halittu masu rai sun fito fili:

• dogon jiki rectangular;
• kai tsaye;
• kirji mai zurfi;
• croup mai zagaye;
• gajere amma masu ƙarfi;
• doguwar wutsiya, mani da bangs suna fadowa akan idanuwa.

Babban launi a cikin irin waɗannan dabbobi shine savrasaya. Yawancin ƙasa sau da yawa za ku iya saduwa da wakilan launin toka da launin toka na nau’in. Jajayen mutane sun kasance keɓantacce. Tare da babban launi, ana furta ratsi mai duhu, wanda yake tare da baya, da kuma a kan gabobin jiki da kuma yankin kafadu na dabba.

Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin doki Vyatka tsaya waje:

• kwantar da hankali;
• zamantakewa da rashin tsoron mutum;
• juriya mai ban mamaki;
• m lynx da frisky gallop na dabba;
• makamashi;
• jure cututtuka daban-daban.

A yau, ana amfani da wannan iri-iri a cikin farauta, yawon shakatawa na doki. Har ila yau, dabbobi sun tabbatar da kansu sosai wajen koya wa yara hawan.

Bashkir

Bashkirs su ne na biyu na dozin na ƴan asalin ƙasar Rasha. Bashkirs sun yi kiwo irin waɗannan dabbobi a cikin tsaunuka. Haka kuma, tsananin sanyin damina ya ba su ƙarin juriya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi da kuma iskar arewa. Har ila yau, ya ci gaba a cikin manyan kantunan rashin buƙatun musamman don yanayin gidaje. Rayayyun halittu suna samun abincin nasu, suna yin dusar ƙanƙara a kan wuraren kiwo kuma suna tara ciyayi kaɗan daga ƙarƙashinsa.

Girman irin waɗannan dawakai suna daga 142 zuwa 145 cm. An bambanta jiki ta hanyar elongation na musamman. Daga cikin wasu nuances na waje sun fito fili:

• lebur baya tare da ƙananan ƙura;
• croup da aka saukar da dan kadan;
• gajeren wuyansa;
• tsakiyar kai;
• dogayen gaɓoɓi tare da tsokanar tsoka da jijiya;
• kauri dogon gashi mane, bangs da wutsiya.

Launin talikan shine bay ko ja. Mane da wutsiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun fi sauƙi ko duhu fiye da babban launi ta sautuna da yawa. Ana yawan ganin farar fata a gaban kai da kuma gaɓar jiki.

Magana. Irin wannan doki ya tabbatar da kansa sosai a lokacin yakin Kishin kasa. Siffofinta da suka bambanta sune rashin tsoro a fagen fama, doguwar tururuwa da zazzagewa, da sanyin hali.

Terskaya

Dawakan Terek na cikin hawan. An fitar da su tsakanin 1920 zuwa 1940. A matsayin kayan kiwo don sabon layin iri, mun yi amfani da:

• Kabardian;
• Dokokin Karachai da mares;
• Dawakan Larabawa;
• ragowar dawakan maharba.

Terek dawakai

A hukumance rajista a matsayin daban-daban iri, irin a 1948. An bambanta ta da raya jiki halaye da kuma m bayyanar. Irin waɗannan sigogi sun sa dabbar ta shahara a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na circus, da kuma nuna tsalle-tsalle da gasa.

Matsakaicin tsayin irin waɗannan dawakai shine 160-162 cm. Siffofin waje sun fi dogara da takamaiman nau’in, wanda akwai uku a cikin layin nau’in:

1. Daidaitawa.
2. Mai nauyi, wanda kuma ake kira gabas.
3. Kauri.

Don haka, masu kiwon kiwo na Rasha su ma sun ba da gudummawa sosai wajen bunkasa dokin duniya…