Bayanin awaki na Czech – manyan halaye da fasali na abun ciki

Akuyoyin Czech suna da alheri na musamman da kwanciyar hankali. Wannan nau’in nama da kiwo ya zama abin sha’awa kuma mai ban sha’awa ga yawancin masu kiwon awaki. Dabbobi ba su da ma’ana a cikin kulawa, suna ba da madara mai lafiya, nama mai cin nama, suna da daraja sosai ga ulu da fata. A cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha, an yi kiwon awakin Czech fiye da shekara guda, musamman a aikin noma a yankunan Pskov, Voronezh, da Sverdlovsk, a cikin Altai da Primorsky Territories, a cikin Khakassia.

Tarihin asalin jinsin

An san awakin Czech a ƙarƙashin sunan Brown Shorthaired Goat, Czech Shorthair ko Brown. Dabbobi sun fara bayyana a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na ashirin. Ana ɗaukar awakin Alpine da launin ruwan Jamus kamar kakanninsu. A wannan zamani da muke ciki, akwai kai kimanin 400, wadanda ake nomawa a gonaki masu zaman kansu ko na kasuwanci, sun zama babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga ga manoma da dama.

Matsayin jinsi da bayyanar

Akuyar tana da gajeren gashi, tana da rigar riga mai kauri da kuma karfin jiki. Launi na fata ya dogara da yankin noma da kwayoyin halitta – daga cakulan madara zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Dila mai duhu yana gudana tare da layin dutsen, don haka wannan nau’in ba shakka ba za a ruɗe ba. Akuyoyin Bohemian suna da ƙanana, kunnuwa da suka yayyafa, da maƙarƙashiya mai tsayi da tsayi, da ɗan gajeren wutsiya. Bakar fata ne kawai ke da gemu. Wani fasali na musamman na Czechs daga wasu nau’ikan shine triangles masu duhu a bayan kunnuwa.

Yawancin mutane an yi su ne (ba tare da ƙaho ba). A zahiri, suna kama da karnuka, a cikin hali kuma suna da wayo, masu saurin fahimta da abokantaka. Akwai awakin Czech tare da ƙaho, amma waɗannan ba su wuce 20% ba. Idan muka ci gaba da kwatantawa da karnuka, waɗannan dabbobin kuma suna tunawa da sunayen laƙabi, amsa lokacin da aka furta su, san umarni masu sauƙi kuma ku bi su.

Nauyin babban akuya ya kai 75-80 kg, mata – ba fiye da 55 kg ba. A cikin ƙura, namiji yana zuwa 85 cm, girman kirji shine 90-110 cm. Girman akuya mai girma bai wuce 75 cm ba, girman kirji ya kai cm 100. A waje, zaka iya bambanta namiji daga mace cikin sauƙi: ya fi girma, yana da jiki mai tsoka. Cikakken nono na akuya yayi kama da jaka mai laushi; idan an zubar da shi, yana raguwa zuwa ninki.

Yawan aiki na awakin Czech

Yana da fa’ida a ajiye dabbobi cikin manya da kanana noma. A yawancin shekara, awaki suna ba da madara mai gina jiki, naman abinci, fatu da faɗuwa mai daraja, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman taki mai yawa. Masu shayarwa ba sa kashe kuɗi mai yawa akan kiyaye Czechs, don haka jagora yana da alƙawarin.

Nama

Akuya na Czech suna da nama maras nauyi, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin abinci. Lokacin da aka yanka akuya na tsawon watanni 6, abin da ake samu shine kilogiram 20 na sabo nama, mutum mai shekara daya – har zuwa kilogiram 45. Yayin da dabbar ke girma, waɗannan alkalumman suna ƙaruwa.

Masu shayarwa galibi suna yanka awaki suna da shekaru 1,5, wanda yawan yawan nama ya bayyana.

Naman akuyar Bohemian yana ɗanɗano kamar naman sa, amma ya ɗan fi duhu a launi. Layer na farin kitse ba shi da mahimmanci. Naman yana da taushi kuma mai laushi, amma fibrous. Don haɓaka yawan nama, ana ciyar da dabbar da kyau kafin yanka. Naman akuya yana da takamaiman ƙamshin da mutane da yawa ba sa so. Don kawar da shi, an zubar da maza. Kafin dafa abinci, an jiƙa naman a cikin kayan yaji da marinade na sa’o’i da yawa.

Madara

Lokacin lactation a cikin mata yana ɗaukar kwanaki 280-300 a shekara. Irin waɗannan alamun nono suna haɓaka shahara da buƙatun awakin Czech a cikin aikin gona. A cikin shekara, zaka iya samun 1 kg na madara tare da mai abun ciki na 000%. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, wannan adadi yana ƙaruwa zuwa 3,5 kg. Madara ya ƙunshi furotin 2%, 000% lactose. Yawan madarar yau da kullun na babban akuya ya bambanta daga lita 3 zuwa 5.

Nonon goat Bohemian yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai daɗi, ƙanshi mai daɗi. Daga gare ta za ku iya yin kirim mai tsami, cuku, man shanu, cuku. Kayan kiwo suna da kyau a cikin jiki, kada ku haifar da allergies, kada ku damu da narkewa. Wannan samfurin hypoallergenic wani ɓangare ne na abincin jarirai, yana da amfani ga rigakafin yaro.

Litter

Wannan takin gargajiya yana da wadataccen sinadarin nitrogen kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a harkar noma. Domin shekara 1, goat Czech yana ba da kilogiram 500 na zuriyar dabbobi (tare da kiwo kyauta), 1000 kg (lokacin da yake zaune a cikin rumfa).

Ba za a iya amfani da taki sabo ba a cikin tsari mai mahimmanci, in ba haka ba za ku iya lalata amfanin gona (ƙona tushen shuke-shuke).

Don yin takin da ya dace da noma, taki yana buƙatar watanni 6 a cikin ramin takin. Ana kara sharar kwayoyin halitta a wurin. Ana amfani da shirye-shiryen taki a cikin bazara – kafin shuka.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Lokacin zabar awaki don kiwo, masu shayarwa suna la’akari da fa’ida da rashin amfanin kowane nau’in. Ana buƙatar awakin Czech musamman, kuma ga ma’auni:

• unpretentiousness a cikin abinci;
• barga rigakafi tare da kulawa mai kyau da ciyarwa;
• yawan samar da madara;
• saurin girma (a tsawon watanni 7 har zuwa kilogiram 25);
• rashin wari mai tsayi a cikin maza (yana bayyana ne kawai a lokacin jima’i);
• dogon lokacin lactation;
• yawan haihuwa;
• farashi mai araha.

Nau’in awakin Czech yana da nasa lahani, amma suna cikin ‘yan tsiraru:

• rashin haƙuri ga ƙananan yanayin zafi;
• hadarin kai hari ta hanyar kwari masu shan jini saboda gajeren gashi;
• rashin haƙuri na zafi;
• rage yawan amfanin nono a lokacin rani.

Siffofin kulawa da noma

Akuyoyin Czech suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da yawa idan an ciyar da su yadda ya kamata da kiyaye su. Akwai fasali da yawa na kulawa:

• Yanayin rayuwa. Tabbatar cewa kowace dabba tana da gado daban akan wani dandali mai tasowa ko bene mai dumi a cikin sito. Ka ware maza da mata, in ba haka ba zuriya za su kasance marasa shiri. Tsaftace ɗakin akai-akai, saboda akwai haɗarin haifuwar ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Ciyarwa. Tun da dabbobi ne unpretentious a abinci, ciyar da su da girbe hay a cikin hunturu, da kuma kore ciyawa a lokacin rani. Don ƙara yawan nono a cikin hunturu, wadatar da abincin yau da kullun na akuyar Czech tare da abinci mai gina jiki, sharar abinci, da sabbin kayan lambu. A lokacin rani, a kai a kai kiwo dabbobi, domin daga kore ciyawa suna samun matsakaicin adadin bitamin da kuma muhimmanci alama abubuwa ga karfi rigakafi.

Kayan aikin gidan akuya

Domin dabba ya ba da yawan amfanin nono mai kyau da zuriya, don kawo kudin shiga ga mai shayarwa, wajibi ne a ba da gidan goat daidai da dukan dokoki. Bi waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata:

• Shirya ɗaki mai haske da fili don awaki (4 sq. M da 1 dabba).
• Yi sito daga itace da kuma rufe shi da bambaro, rufe shi da ulun ma’adinai daga waje.
• Yi benayen siminti don sauƙaƙa tsaftace zuriyar. Saka su da bambaro don dumi su.
• Ku kawo tagogi zuwa kudu, saita a matakin mita 1,5 daga bene.
• Kawar da dampness da zayyana, in ba haka ba dabba za ta yi rashin lafiya kuma yawan madara zai ragu.
• Shigar da tsarin samun iska a cikin rumfar domin iska mai kyau ta zagaya cikin ɗakin.
• Yi la’akari da tsarin hasken wuta, alal misali, don ɗaki na 20 sq m isasshen kwararan fitila 120-150 watts.
• Sanya masu shayarwa. Akuya yakamata ya kasance yana samun ruwa mai tsafta. Gyara kwanon a wuri ɗaya don kada dabbar ta juya ta.
• Gina dandali na katako, kamar yadda awaki suke son hutawa a rumfunansu a kan tudu mai tsayi.
• Raba dakin zuwa alkaluma daban-daban don ware maza da mata.
• Sanya filin tafiya a gefen kudu, tsaftace shi da kyau bayan kowane kiwo na Czechs.

Akuya na Czech dabbobi ne masu son zafi, amma ba sa jure wa matsanancin zafi, dampness, rashin lafiya daga zayyana da ƙananan yanayin yanayi. Ma’aunin zafi da aka halatta a cikin sito bai wuce 75%. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 15-16 ma’aunin Celsius a lokacin rani kuma aƙalla digiri 5 a cikin hunturu.

Idan babu sarari don kafa filin tafiya, akuya na iya yin kiwo a gaban lawn. Don yin wannan, haša a kan fentin karfe da igiya (sarkar) tsayin 3-5 m. Idan dabbar ta cinye ciyawa a wuri guda, sai a mayar da ita wani wuri. Hakanan fitar da gungumen azaba a cikin ƙasa kuma ku bar Czech don kiwo.

Abinci

Roughage ya haɗa da hay, bambaro, rassan bakin ciki, ƙananan harbe, busassun ganye. Abincin yau da kullun na goat Czech yana buƙatar 1 zuwa 3 kilogiram na irin waɗannan abubuwan. Abubuwan ciyarwa sun haɗa da sha’ir, hatsi, bran, masara. Ana ba da manya har zuwa kilogiram 1 na irin wannan addittu kowace rana, dabbobin matasa suna da isasshen kuma 500 g. Domin kada ya dame akuya ta narkewa, murkushe hatsi kafin ciyarwa, tsarma da hankali da ruwa, niƙa da cake.

Lokacin ciyar da awaki, kar a zubar da hatsi a ƙasa. A cikin sito, ana buƙatar shigar da masu ciyarwa na musamman, in ba haka ba ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari suna shiga cikin jiki tare da abinci. Hakanan ya shafi ciyar da Czechs akan titi. Kada ku watsar da hatsi a ƙasa; ya kamata a sami abin ciyarwa mai ɗaukar hoto wanda aka yi da itace, robobi mai ƙarfi ko ƙarfe. A wanke shi bayan kowace ciyarwa.

manyan awaki

Ciyar da dabba ya dogara da lokacin shekara, jima’i da kuma burin karshe na mai kiwon akuya dangane da wani mutum. Ya kamata nau’ikan abinci masu zuwa su kasance a cikin abincin yau da kullun:

• bushewa. Mafi dacewa da abincin hunturu. Wannan ciyawa ce da aka yi daga ciyawa da kuma legumes, wanda akuya ya kamata ya ci daga 1 zuwa 2,5 kg kowace rana. Kowane lokaci, ba da wani sabon rabo, saboda m abinci wari mara kyau, rasa ta appetizing bayyanar. Busasshen abinci kuma ya haɗa da bambaro sha’ir da hatsi.
• Kore. Mafi dacewa da lokacin bazara, yana da amfani ga tattalin arziki ga masu shayarwa. Zabi makiyaya inda ryegrass, fescue, Timothy girma. Abincin awaki na yau da kullun ya kamata kuma ya haɗa da legumes, irin su peas, alfalfa, lupins.
• na abinci, ma’adinai. Ba da kari da gaurayawan ma’adinai ga awaki duk shekara. Legumes da hatsi, bran alkama, gwoza cellulose, da gaurayawan ma’adinai suna da amfani musamman.
• Succulent. Mafi dacewa da lactation, yana inganta samar da madara. Waɗannan kayan lambu ne masu yawan danshi. A cikin matsakaici rabo, ba Czechs da mai tushe na shrubs, kazalika da Boiled dankali, fodder beets.

yara

Bayan haihuwa, yara suna tashi a ƙafafunsu na tsawon kwanaki 2. Har zuwa makonni 12, zuriyar dabbobi suna ciyar da madara sau 4 a rana. Yayin da suke girma (ta watanni 4-5), ana shigar da hay a cikin menu na yau da kullun. Kasancewar wajibi na 4-6 g na gishiri kowace rana. Ta hanyar watanni 7-8, ana barin yara su ci abinci, dafaffen oatmeal, alli, yankakken kayan lambu. Matashi na watanni 8 a kowace rana ya kamata ya ci kilogiram 1 na abinci mai daɗi, kilogiram 1,5 na hay da 200 g na abinci. Tun daga farkon yara, yara suna kiwo tare da dabbobi masu girma, a karon farko – a cikin yanayi mai dumi.

Don ƙarin bayani kan yadda da abin da za a ciyar da yara, karanta wannan labarin akan gidan yanar gizon mu.

Lokacin zabar abincin akuya na Czech, tuna abubuwan haɗari masu haɗari:

• Hay tare da mold. Busasshen abinci ya lalace idan aka keta ajiyarsa da fasahar girbi don hunturu. Akuyar tana tasowa colic, narkewa yana damuwa, kuma ana buƙatar kulawar gaggawa ta dabbobi.
• Tsirrai masu cutarwa. Daga cikinsu akwai wakilan dangin Rhododendron. Waɗannan tsire-tsire ne da ake ci, amma bayan an ci abinci, akuyar za ta yi amai ta yi gudawa. Idan ba ku ba da taimako na kan lokaci ga dabba ba, zai iya mutuwa. Sabili da haka, tabbatar da cewa babu irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin wuraren kiwo na awakin Czech.

Ka’idoji na asali don sha

Akuyoyin Czech suna ci sau 3-4 a rana a lokaci-lokaci. Da alhakin kula ba kawai ciyar da dabbobi ba, har ma da shan su. Ingancin da adadin yawan amfanin nono, lafiyar Czechs ya dogara da waɗannan alamun. Shawarwari masu mahimmanci daga ƙwararrun masu kiwon akuya:

• A lokacin zafi, ya kamata a kasance da ruwa mai tsabta a cikin kwanon sha a cikin sito. Akuyoyi suna sha da yawa marasa iyaka.
• Yawan masu sha ya kamata yayi daidai da adadin kawunan da ke cikin rumbun.
• A cikin hunturu, awaki suna sha da safe da maraice, ba a iyakance rabon ruwa ba (har sai dabbar ta bugu). A matsakaici, kowane Czech yana buƙatar lita 5 zuwa 8 na ruwa kowace rana.
• Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ruwa ya bambanta daga digiri 6 zuwa 10, ba za ku iya keta wannan alamar ba.
• A cikin hunturu, ruwan awaki yana ɗan gishiri kaɗan, a lokacin rani akwai gishiri na musamman kusa da kwanon sha. Idan babu wannan bangaren, dabbobi sun zama masu rauni, suna cin abinci mara kyau, madara kuma suna raguwa.
• Bayan an sha, sai a zubar da sauran ruwa daga cikin masu sha. Yana da kyau a canza ruwa har zuwa sau 2-3 a rana.
• Wajibi ne a hankali tsaftace koren algae a kan ganuwar kwanon sha.

Kula da gashi

Akuyoyin Czech ɗan gajeren gashi ne wanda shima yana buƙatar …