Gissar tumaki irin: dokoki don kiwo, kulawa da kulawa

Tumaki dabbobi ne na gida da ake kiwo da madara, nama, man alade da ulu. Manoma musamman suna bambanta nau’in wutsiya masu kitse, tunda daga gare su ne za ku iya samun mafi yawan samfuran. Nau’in Hissar na wannan nau’in ne.

Asalin, tarihin nau’in

An dauki Tajikistan a matsayin wurin haifuwar nau’in Hissar. Nauyin ya samu suna ne saboda tsaunukan Gissar, inda aka gano shi. Dabbobi sun bayyana sakamakon zaɓin jama’a ta hanyar ketare wakilan gida na nau’ikan iri daban-daban da zaɓar mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi jurewa.

Hissars sun yadu a Uzbekistan da Tajikistan. Bugu da ƙari, ana kiwon tumaki na wannan nau’in a Kazakhstan, Afghanistan da Kyrgyzstan.

Shin kun sani? A Gabas, ana ɗaukar rago alama ce ta dukiya da wadata. Abin da ya sa a kan tsabar kudi sau da yawa zaka iya ganin hoton wannan dabba.

Halaye da bayyanar

Game da halaye na waje, a cikin dabbobin wannan nau’in za mu iya bambanta:

• jiki mai tsayi da karfi;
• maɗaukaki, madaidaiciya;
• gajere, babban wuyansa;
• ƙananan kai ba daidai ba dangane da jiki;
• hump a kan hanci;
• rataye dogayen kunnuwa;
• wutsiya mai tasowa;
• wutsiya bai wuce 9 cm ba.

Kurdyuk shine babban halayen wannan nau’in. Waɗannan adibas ne na kitse a cikin wutsiya.

Girman wutsiya mai kitse ya dogara da wane nau’in tumaki ne:

• a cikin daidaikun nau’in nama, wutsiya mai kitse ita ce mafi ƙarancin furci;
• a cikin nau’ikan kitsen nama, wutsiya mai kitse tana da girma, kuma ajiyar tana kusa da baya;
• a cikin tumaki na nau’in m, wutsiya mai karfi yana da karfi: nauyinsa zai iya zama daidai da 60 kg, wanda shine 1/3 na yawan nauyin dabba.

Siga

Hissars babba ne. Tsawon babba a cikin ƙura shine 85 cm, zurfin kirji shine 35 cm. Rago mai kitse yana nauyin kilogiram 120, tunkiya – 90 kg. Akwai dabbobi masu nauyin kilogiram 200.

Kwat da launi

Tumaki suna da ulu mara nauyi, galibi launin ruwan kasa. Wani lokaci akwai duhu ja, fari da baƙi launuka.

ulu na raguna

Sufin ɗan rago bai bambanta da na babban rago ba. Yana da yawa mai yawa kuma m, don haka bai dace da samfuran masana’anta masu tsada ba.

Siffofin tsarin jiki

Dabbobi suna da tsarin mulki mai karfi na jiki, kirji yana da fadi da karfi, dan kadan ya tura gaba.

Alamun aiki

Naman Gissar yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai daɗi, babban abun ciki na abubuwan gina jiki kuma ba shi da takamaiman ƙamshi. Daga mutum ɗaya, zaku iya samun har zuwa 60% na nama na jimlar nauyin jiki. Ya kamata kuma a lura da yawan samar da madara. Domin shekara guda, mace ta ba da kimanin lita 100.

Sassan tunkiya ɗaya yana kawo kilogiram 1,3 na ulu, rago – 1,5 kg. Saboda yawan matattun gashi, ana amfani da ulun Hissor don jin daɗi.

Shin kun sani? Tumaki ɗaya ne daga cikin ƴan dabbobi da suke da almajirai huɗu. Godiya ga wannan fasalin, suna iya ganin abubuwa a bayansu ba tare da sun juya kawunansu ba.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Ragon Hissar yana da fa’idodi da yawa.

• Daga cikin su sun yi fice:
• saukin yanayin tsarewa;
• lafiya mai kyau da juriya na cututtuka;
• ƙara haƙuri;
• babban yawan aiki;
• sauri girma da precocity.

Hakanan ya kamata a lura cewa Gissar yana da wutsiya mafi girma, wanda ke ƙara yawan nama da mai.

Babban koma baya na irin shine wahalar samun mutum mai tsarki. Bugu da ƙari, dabbobin suna da ulu mai laushi, wanda kusan bai dace da samar da yadudduka ba.

Dokoki don kulawa da kulawa

Dabbobin wannan nau’in sun saba da salon rayuwar makiyaya, don haka bai kamata a ajiye su a cikin wani wuri mai iyaka ba. Zubar da (koshara) ya kamata ya zama fili, bushe, dumi kuma ba ya da iska. A cikin yanayi mai dumi, Hissars na iya kasancewa koyaushe akan makiyaya.

Wurin da suke kiwo ya zama:

Muhimmanci! Koshara ya kamata a sanye shi da iskar iska mai inganci, tun da zafi da hayaki ke fitowa daga dabbobi, wanda ke yin illa ga garkuwar jikinsu kuma yana haifar da rashin lafiya da ci gaban cututtuka.

Bai kamata a yi kiwo da dabbobi a cikin fadama ko wuraren da aka jika ba – suna da matukar wahala a jure irin wannan yanayin. Lokacin kiwo, suna buƙatar shayar da su akai-akai. Siffofin wakilan jinsin Hissar sune tsoro da yawa da kuma rashin jagora. Tare da kowane sauti mai ƙarfi, suna warwatse zuwa ɓangarorin kuma yana da wahala a haɗa su tare. Shi ya sa da yawa masu kiwon tumaki ke amfani da karnuka na musamman.

A lokacin dumi, dabbobi suna ciyar da ciyawa a kan makiyaya kuma ba sa buƙatar ƙarin ciyarwa. A cikin lokacin sanyi, ana ba su hay (2 kg kowace mutum) da kuma niƙaƙƙen hatsi (0,5 kg kowane mutum). Har ila yau wajibi ne a ba da gishiri gishiri (10 g kowace mutum). Bugu da ƙari, an haɗa nau’o’in tushen amfanin gona a cikin abinci.

Baiti na waɗannan dabbobin ya ƙunshi:

• 25% hatsi;
• 25% alkama;
• 25% sha’ir;
• 13% sunflower cake;
• 1% gishiri gishiri;
• 1% ciyar da dicalcium phosphate.

Dole ne a haxa dukkan abubuwan sinadaran dalla-dalla. Ba za ku iya ciyar da tumaki tare da daskararre da ruɓaɓɓen amfanin gona na tushen, dattin hatsi, hay daga sedge, reeds da horsetail.

Muhimmanci! An haramta ba da tumaki sugar beets. Lokacin da aka cinye wannan tushen amfanin gona mai yawa, yana haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin tumaki.

Dole ne a shimfiɗa abinci a cikin masu ciyarwa kuma a sanya shi a kan tudu. Ana saita kwantena hay daban kuma a sanya su a matakin kirjin tumaki.

Tsarin ciyarwa shine:

safe hade da roughage abincin rana izni na yau da kullum na concentrates da ruwa maraice roughage

Ana sheke tumakin Hissar sau biyu a shekara:

• a karshen watan Mayu-farkon Yuni;
• a watan Satumba (daga 10th zuwa 20th).

Lokacin aski na iya bambanta, ya danganta da yanayin yankin. Don lokacin sanyi, ana yi wa dabbobi aƙalla wata ɗaya da rabi kafin sanyin sanyi, ta yadda gashin kansu ya ɗan yi girma.
Sa’o’i 12 kafin yanke, dabbobi suna buƙatar ciyar da su, saboda nan da nan bayan cin abinci yana da wuya su jimre wa wannan hanya.

Dole ne ulu ya bushe, saboda yana da wuyar bushewa daga baya, haka ma, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya farawa a ciki. Yanke tumaki da almakashi ko inji na musamman. Bayan hanya, kuna buƙatar bincika dabba kuma ku bi da raunuka (idan akwai) tare da maganin antiseptik.

Bidiyo: tumakin Hissar na hadin gwiwar kiwo “Dilshod B”

Haihuwa

Girman jima’i a cikin mata na wannan nau’in yana faruwa lokacin da suka kai watanni 7-8. Ana iya yin jima’i a kowane lokaci na shekara, yayin da ciki na tunkiya yana da kwanaki 145. Idan babu isassun raguna, to ana aiwatar da insemination na wucin gadi. Da zaran alamun ciki sun zama sananne, irin waɗannan mata suna canjawa wuri zuwa wuraren kiwo mafi kyau tare da ganyayyaki masu laushi.

Shin kun sani? Tumaki sau da yawa suna da tagwaye. Ƙari ga haka, ’yan raguna da aka haifa suna iya gane mahaifiyarsu da murya.

Kafin rago a cikin dakin, ya zama dole don canza zuriyar dabbobi da aiwatar da tsaftacewa sosai. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin dakin ya kamata ya kasance a matakin + 10 … + 16 ° C. A cikin rago mai lafiya, tsarin rago yakan ɗauki mintuna 30-40 kuma baya buƙatar sa hannun ɗan adam, sai dai idan ya zama dole don share hancin ƴaƴan rago daga ƙusa.

Ana barin jarirai a kusa da mahaifiyar kuma ba a damu ba. Rago na tumakin Hissar suna girma cikin sauri kuma bayan kwanaki 5 ana iya sakin su zuwa makiyaya. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin sanyi da iska, yana da kyau a bar yara a cikin koshara. Da dabbobin suka yi ƙarfi, sai a yaye su daga cikin tumaki, su saba da abincin hatsi. A ƙarshen watan farko na rayuwa, jaririn ya riga ya ci 50 g na abinci kowace rana, kuma a ƙarshen na huɗu – 300 g.

Cututtuka na nau’in, rigakafi

A zahiri tumakin Hissar ba sa rashin lafiya. Alurar riga kafi akan lokaci yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye rigakafi.

Duk da haka, suna iya damu da:

Kara karantawa

Tsutsotsi suna da haɗari domin da zarar sun shiga jikin dabba, suna da wuyar ganewa. Bayan wani lokaci, masu kamuwa da cuta sun rasa sha’awar su, gashin kansu ya fara zubewa, kuma mata masu shayarwa suna rasa madara.

Naman dabbar da ba ta da lafiya bai dace da abinci ba, don haka haramun ne a yanka irin wannan mutum don sayarwa.

Jiyya ya kamata a gudanar da anthelmintic kwayoyi “Alvert” ko “Univerm”. A wannan yanayin, dole ne ku kiyaye adadin kuma ku ajiye masu kamuwa da cuta a cikin wani rumbun daban.

Ticks da fleas suna da haɗari ga tumaki kuma suna iya haifar da mutuwarsu, don haka kuna buƙatar yin rigakafi akai-akai. Don yin wannan, sau 2-3 a shekara, ana gyara Gissars, cire ulu tare da ƙuma da kaska. Idan wannan bai isa ba, to, ana kula da dabbobin da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta kuma a bar su a cikin sito har sai ulu ya bushe gaba ɗaya.

Halayen kiwo

An bambanta nau’in Hissar da saurin girma na jarirai. Bayan watanni 3-4, ana iya yanka raguna don samun nama mai laushi da laushi.

Saboda yawan yawan aiki, ana kiwo wannan nau’in don samar da madara, nama da mai a cikin adadi mai yawa.

Kimanin farashi da inda za a saya

Samun Hissar mai tsarki yana da wahala sosai. Zai fi kyau a sayi tumaki da raguna daga amintattun manoma ko a nune-nune na musamman. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a gani a iya tantance irin nau’in da yanayin lafiyar dabbar. Farashin rago daga $150 ga kowane mutum.

Tunkiya Hissar ƙwararren mai samar da nama ne da mai, wanda baya buƙatar takamaiman kulawa. Wannan nau’in yana da fa’idodi masu yawa, wanda ya sa ya shahara sosai. Duk da haka, samun wakilin purebred na wannan nau’in ba koyaushe bane mai sauƙi.