Kiwon tumaki kasuwanci ne mai riba amma mai wahala. Idan kun riga kun yanke shawarar fara kiwo na tumaki, ya kamata ku kusanci wannan da gaskiya kuma, da farko, kuyi tambaya game da cututtukan da zasu iya cutar da dabbobi. Zawo a cikin tumaki ya zama cuta mai yawa, wanda idan ba a kula da shi cikin lokaci ba, zai iya haifar da mutuwa.
Diarrhea a cikin tumaki: cututtuka da ke haifar da gudawa, alamu, yanayin cutar
Akwai cututtuka da yawa a cikin tumaki da kan haifar da bacin rai, gudawa, da rashin lafiya. Wani lokaci har ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tumaki ba sa tantance cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne a cikin dabbar, amma gano cutar a kan lokaci da maganinta na gaggawa yakan ceci dabbobi daga mutuwa.
Shin kun sani? A karo na farko, an gano dysentery anaerobic kuma an kwatanta shi azaman cuta da ake kira “zawowar raguna” a ƙarshen karni na 1885 (a cikin XNUMX). A wannan lokacin, an ga mutuwar raguna mai yawa a Rasha. – cikin jarirai 100, 70 sun kamu da rashin lafiya, kuma sun mutu Mutane 50.
Anaerobic dysentery
Cutar dysentery anaerobic cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wacce ke faruwa a cikin jarirai da aka haifa. Ana iya ƙayyade cutar ta irin waɗannan alamun kamar gudawa tare da saurin bushewa na jiki, ulcerative enteritis (launi na mucous membrane na ƙananan hanji), yana haifar da mutuwar dabba da sauri.
Wakilin da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta shine ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta mai guba wanda ke da ikon ci gaba da aikinsa mai mahimmanci har ma da maganin zafi. Misali, a zafin jiki na +90 ° C, yana rayuwa na tsawon minti 30, kuma yana iya jure tafasa har zuwa minti 10. Yana iya zama a cikin taki har tsawon kwanaki 3-5.
Ciwon ciki yakan shafi ƴan raguna da aka haifa a tsakanin kwanaki 1 zuwa 5, da saurin kamuwa da ɗimbin raguna.. Ana yada ta ta hanyar kwanciya, kaya da sauran abubuwan da suka gurbata da najasar marasa lafiya. Rago na iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar shan nono idan akwai taki mai cutarwa a kan nonon tunkiya.
Ana bayyana abin da ya faru na cutar sau da yawa ta hanyar rashin rigakafin rigakafi, da kuma ciyar da abinci mara kyau a lokacin daukar ciki (rashin sunadaran, carbohydrates, bitamin da ma’adanai yana haifar da rauni na mutum wanda aka haifa), cin zarafin tsarin zafin jiki (hypothermia). .
Cunkushe a cikin rumbuna da rashin kyawun yanayin rayuwa kuma na iya haifar da bayyanar ciwon daji. Cutar na iya zama hyperacute (mutuwar walƙiya), m (yana ɗaukar kusan makonni 3) kuma ƙasa da ƙasa sau da yawa na yau da kullun, sakamakon haka mutane suna murmurewa sannu a hankali, suna raguwa a cikin ci gaba.
Enterotoxemia
Ana iya samun cutar a duk kasashen da ake kiwon tumaki. Wannan kamuwa da cuta ne mai guba wanda ke shafar tsarin juyayi kuma yana haifar da saurin mutuwa na dabba. Da zarar a cikin hanji, pathogen – wani spore-forming anaerobe, fara da rayayye ninka, samar da gubobi da aka shafe a cikin jini.
Ana iya kamuwa da cutar daga dabbobi marasa lafiya zuwa masu lafiya, da kuma shiga cikin jiki daga wuraren kiwo, inda cututtukan cututtuka na ci gaba da ci gaba har tsawon shekaru. Ana ganin barkewar cutar a cikin bazara.
Cutar tana faruwa a cikin nau’i uku. Tare da hasken walƙiya, dabbar ta mutu a cikin sa’o’i 10-12. A cikin m – cutar tana ɗaukar kimanin kwana 1. Ana lura da nau’in na yau da kullun a cikin mutane masu ƙarancin kiba, suna da rauni, anemia, gudawa, da tinge mai launin rawaya na mucous membranes. Tare da gano lokaci na cutar (har zuwa kwanaki 3-4), za a iya ceton dabba.
Tare da helminthiasis
Helminthiasis ya haɗu da babban rukuni na cututtuka (60% na duk cututtukan da aka kafa) waɗanda ke faruwa a sakamakon ci da ci gaba na tsutsotsi na nau’i daban-daban a jikin dabbobi.
Akwai manyan rukunin cututtuka guda uku:
- Helminthiasis. Cututtuka da suka haifar da tsutsotsi na nau’in flukes masu siffar ganye: fascioliasis, paramphistomatosis, dicroceliasis. Da farko, ana kai hari kan bile ducts na hanta da hanji.
A cikin marasa lafiya, ana lura da rauni, anemia, emaciation, gudawa, launin rawaya na mucous membranes, da kumburin fatar ido. Wani lokaci rashin lafiya na iya ɗaukar watanni. Ana yada su ta ruwa, ciyawa da ke girma kusa da gawar ruwa. Cutar kamar dicroceliosis na iya zama asymptomatic, kuma kawai a cikin tumaki da suka girmi shekaru 3 kawai ana samun raguwar ci gaba, wanda sau da yawa yakan kai ga mutuwa. - Cestodes. Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan rukunin cututtuka, waɗanda suka haɗa da monesiosis da coenurosis, sune cestodes – tsutsotsin tsutsotsi waɗanda ke shafar ƙananan hanji na dabbobi. Moniesiosis da coenurosis sau da yawa suna shafar ‘yan raguna kuma suna faruwa a cikin sifa mai laushi.
Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga jiki ne sakamakon shan kaska yayin cin ciyawa a wuraren kiwo da ke da zafi mai yawa. Cututtuka a cikin mafi tsanani siffofin bayyana kansu a matsayin kaifi motsi marasa manufa, tsoro, ƙin ci abinci, zawo. Sau da yawa dabbobin suna mutuwa. - Nematodes. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar su ne nematode roundworms, wanda, shiga cikin jiki, yana shafar dukkan kyallen takarda da gabobin dabbobi, ban da nama mai ƙaho da ulu.
Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin makiyaya ta hanyar haɗiye ciyawa tare da tsutsa. Alamun: tari, asarar ci, anemia na mucous membranes. Matasan dabbobi sukan sami zawo mai yawa.
Tare da fasciolosis
Fascioliasis cuta ce ta kananan shanu inda parasitic trematodes ke kamuwa da bile ducts na hanta. Kamar yawancin cututtuka na parasitic, fascioliasis yana yaduwa tare da ruwa da abinci lokacin da ake kiwo a wuraren da ruwa mai yawa.
Cutar na iya ɗaukar tsawon lokaci (har zuwa watanni 3-4), tare da asarar ci, zawo, maƙarƙashiya, zazzabi, anemia. Idan ba a dauki matakan da suka dace don magani ba, dabbar za ta mutu nan da nan.
Shin kun sani? Mutane suna jin daɗin kiwon tumaki sosai har akwai tumaki biliyan 1,2 a duniya a yau. Mafi girma lamba – tumaki miliyan 200 suna zaune a China.
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wacce mafi hatsarin tsutsotsi na parasitic – echinococcus. Wannan ita ce cutar da aka fi sani da ita wacce ke da faffadan yanayin kasa, gami da Kudancin Amurka da Arewacin Amurka, Ostiraliya, Japan, da nahiyar Turai.
Ana yada cutar tare da ciyawa da ruwa – kasancewa a kan makiyaya, tumaki da raguna suna haɗiye ƙwai helminth. Hakanan zai iya ci gaba idan ba a lura da yanayin tsabta a cikin gonaki ba. Abin da ke haifar da yaduwar cutar shi ne karnuka batattu, inda suke barin najasa a wuraren kiwo da garken tumaki.
Bayan shiga cikin jiki, ana samun tsutsa a cikin hanji, sannan a kwashe su cikin jiki tare da jini kuma suna ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin nau’i na echinococcus. Mafi sau da yawa, hanta da huhu suna shafar, sau da yawa – wasu gabobin.
Cutar ta shafi dabbobi da dama ciki har da shanu, amma tumaki ne suka fi shan wahala kuma sukan mutu sakamakon cutar. Alamun alamun tari ne, rashin kiba, rashin kwanciyar hankali, asarar gashi, da rauni lokacin da dabbobi ke kwance a ƙasa kawai.
zawo mai launi
Wani ciwo da ke da haɗari musamman ga ƴan ragunan da aka haifa shi ne gudawa kala-kala. Yana bayyana kanta bayan ‘yan sa’o’i bayan haihuwa ko cikin kwanaki 3-5. Duk da sunan, stools suna da launi mai haske, don haka ba koyaushe zai yiwu a ƙayyade cutar a lokaci ba.
Bugu da ƙari, rashin kwanciyar hankali, rago yana jin rauni mai tsanani, ya rasa ci, rashin ruwa yana faruwa a cikin jiki. Don hana cutar, ana yi wa tunkiya allurar makonni 3-4 kafin haihuwar da ake sa ran. A farkon matakan, ana warkar da cutar tare da hadaddun magunguna.
Muhimmanci! Ko da tare da ƙananan zato na cuta, dole ne a ware dabba nan da nan daga garken, tsarin zafin jiki mai kyau da kuma samun iska mai kyau na ɗakin.
Maganin gudawa a cikin tumaki
A mafi yawan lokuta, idan an gano cutar akan lokaci, ana iya magance ta. Yana da mahimmanci don ganowa a cikin lokaci, sabili da haka, a farkon shakku game da lafiyar dabba, wajibi ne a tuntuɓi sabis na dabbobi, wanda zai gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu dacewa, kafa dalilin cutar da kuma tsara magani.
A cikin babba
Ana kula da cututtukan da ke haifar da rushewar tsarin narkewar abinci a cikin manya da raguna kamar haka:
- da enterotoxemia – magani yana yiwuwa a farkon matakai, ana allurar tumaki tare da maganin hyperimmune tare da maganin rigakafi. A cikin halin rashin kulawa, ba a kula da cutar;
- tare da helminthiasis – an ba da magani bisa ga wane nau’in ciwon daji ne ya haifar da cutar, tun da wannan rukuni ne wanda ya hada da cututtuka daban-daban. Lokacin da nematodes ya shafa, allurar Ivermectin na taimakawa sosai, kuma Albendazole yana jure wa zagaye da tsutsotsi;
- tare da fasciolosis – mafi kyawun wakili na warkaswa shine rukuni na anthelmintics, ciki har da Hexichol, Acemidophen, Hexachloroethane, wanda aka yi wa dabbobi tare da abinci. Likitan dabbobi ne kawai ke ƙayyade adadin. Za a iya yin magani a gida, ware mutumin da abin ya shafa;
- tare da echtnococcosis Babu ingantattun jiyya tukuna.
A cikin matasa dabbobi
Tun da yake yara ƙanana suna fama da cututtuka iri ɗaya da na manya da tumaki da raguna, maganin su ba ya da bambanci sosai, sai dai adadin. Sau da yawa, adadin magungunan da aka yi a lokacin jiyya ya dogara da nauyin dabba, kuma wannan dole ne a la’akari da likitan dabbobi.
A wurin raguna
Halin ya ɗan bambanta a cikin ’yan ragunan da aka haifa, tun da ana barazanar kamuwa da cututtuka na musamman, wanda ke nufin haka kuma jiyya za su bambanta.
- tare da anaerobic dysentery – Ana allurar maganin jini na hyperimmune ko synthomycin a cikin jikin dabbar. Hakanan ana amfani da duk wani maganin rigakafi ko sulfanilamide;
- tare da zawo launi – A magani ne quite wuya. Da farko kana bukatar ka ba da rago wani dumi electrolyte bayani domin jikinsa ya rayu lafiya kafin mataki na maganin rigakafi. Ana allurar maganin kowace rana kowane awa 6. Mafi kyawun maganin rigakafi don wannan cuta: “Spectomycin”, “Gentamicin”, “Nifuraldezon” – ana gudanar da su ta cikin rami na baki kowane 2 hours.
Idan rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin rago ba sakamakon rashin lafiya mai tsanani ba ne, ana iya amfani da ƙarin magunguna masu laushi, misali, yin. wani bayani na brewed mai karfi shayi da decoction na itacen oak haushi – wannan yana nufin shayar da dabba. Har ila yau, miyagun ƙwayoyi “Zinaprim” yana taimakawa – an zuba wani nau’i na magani a kan harshen ragon, 2-3 manipulation sun isa.
Bidiyo: rigakafin cututtukan ciki a cikin tumaki
Zawo a cikin raguna da ba su da alaƙa da cuta
Zawo a cikin raguna ba koyaushe ne sakamakon cuta ba. Wani lokaci, saboda wasu yanayi (mutuwar tunkiya a lokacin haihuwa, mastitis ko uwar ta ƙi jariri), ɗan rago ya kasance maraya kuma dole ne a shayar da shi akan ciyarwar wucin gadi tare da gauraye. Ana iya maye gurbin su da madarar saniya, amma a hankali sosai, lura da ma’auni, tun da madara ya bambanta sosai a cikin abun da ke ciki daga tumaki.
Muhimmanci! Kafin a ba wa ɗan rago nonon saniya, sai a tafasa shi. Haka ne, za a sami ƙananan bitamin a ciki, amma wannan hanya zai ceci ɗan yaro daga zawo.
Tun da tsarin narkewar ɗan rago na ɗan rago har yanzu yana da rauni sosai, yana iya yin lahani a lokacin daidaitawar jiki zuwa abinci mara kyau, gami da gudawa. Don hana bushewa, wajibi ne a ba wa ɗan ƙaramin ruwa mai yawa. Idan rashin jin daɗi ya tsananta da sauri, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar likitan dabbobi.
Wasu dalilai kamar canjawa daga madara zuwa abinci na shuka, shan ruwa mai yawan gishiri ko madara daga tunkiya mai mastitis kuma na iya haifar da tsarin narkewar abinci.
Rigakafi
Zai fi kyau a hana yiwuwar cututtuka fiye da shiga dogon magani mai tsada a nan gaba ko kuma rasa wani ɓangare na garken gaba ɗaya. Akwai matakan kiwon lafiyar dabbobi da na tsafta da ya kamata a yi a gonar tumaki domin lalata tsutsotsin tsutsotsi a cikin lokaci.
Wannan ya haɗa da:
- deworming taki – nada shi a waje da garken tumaki, inda yanayin zafi ya kashe yiwuwar ƙwai da tsutsotsi na tsutsotsi na parasitic;
- canji na lokaci-lokaci na wurin kiwo a gaban babban yanki na kiwo;
- akai-akai tsaftace wuraren dabbobi daga taki tare da ƙonewa na …
