Tumaki irin Saradzinsky

Nauyin tumaki na Saradzha na ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun nau’in nama mai kitse da tallow daga waɗanda ake kiwo a tsakiyar Asiya. An halicce shi a cikin yanayi kusa da matsananci, saboda haka an bambanta shi da juriya da ƙaƙƙarfan rigakafi. A yau ana kiwon wadannan tumaki a Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan da Kazakhstan. Abin da ke da ban mamaki game da nau’in Saraja, za mu kara fada.

Saraja tumaki iri

Tarihi

Tunkiyar Saraja ta fito ne daga yankin kudu maso gabashin Turkmenistan. Mazauna yankin sun tsunduma cikin kiwon tumaki tsawon ƙarni da yawa. Suna da tumaki masu kiba a wurinsu. Turkmens sun zaɓi mutane daga zuriyarsu waɗanda aka bambanta da mafi kyawun aiki dangane da yawan amfanin ulu. Ga masu kiwon tumaki, yana da mahimmanci cewa ulun dabbobi ya ƙunshi mafi yawa na ƙoshin lafiya. Mafi kyawun zuriya tare da halayen da ake so an haifa a cikin kabilar.

Rago na Saraja da tumaki suna da wuyar gaske kuma ba su da fa’ida. Yanayin da aka haife su yana da wahala – a lokacin rani ma’aunin zafi da sanyio ya tashi zuwa +40-42 digiri, kuma a cikin hunturu akwai sanyi mai tsanani a Turkmenistan. Bugu da kari, babu ciyayi da yawa akan wuraren kiwo. Godiya ga irin waɗannan yanayi, dabbobin sun haɓaka rigakafi mai ƙarfi da ikon iyakance kansu ga ƙarancin abinci.

A cikin 1960, an yanke shawarar inganta nau’in. Masu kiwo sun kafa manufa:

• ƙara yawan aikin ulu;
• inganta ingancin rune;
• don adanawa da haɓaka halayen da ke cikin tumakin Saraja – daidaitawa ga yanayin gida, juriya da rashin buƙata ga wadatar abinci.

Don ƙetare, an yi amfani da raguna masu kitse masu kitse na nau’in Degrees. An bambanta su ta hanyar gyaran ulu mai kyau da ƙananan fibers.

Hankali! A yau, ana amfani da tumakin Saraja don inganta halayen sauran nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan a Kazakhstan da tsakiyar Asiya.

Bayanin iri

Tumaki irin na Saraja suna da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasusuwa da wutsiya mai kitse. An deflated wutsiya mai kitse na waɗannan dabbobi. Godiya gare shi, dabbobi suna tara abubuwan gina jiki da ake cinyewa a lokacin da babu isasshen abinci. Yi la’akari da manyan halaye na waje na irin:

Tumaki irin na Saraja

• jiki yana da ƙarfi;
• nauyin rago a lokacin girma shine 80-90 kg, na mahaifa – 57-60 kg;
• dabbobi galibi ana yin polled, kawai 4% na maza suna da rudiments na ƙaho;
• jiki yana elongated;
• baya da bushewa suna da fadi;
• shugaban ya kasance m;
• auricles na matsakaicin girman, faduwa;
• wuyansa gajere ne, bakin ciki;
• gabobi masu tsayi na matsakaicin tsayi;
• wutsiya mai ƙananan ƙananan, nauyinsa shine 7-8 kg;
• launin gashi fari ne.

Ana haifan raguna da gashi mai launin ruwan kasa, daga baya ya zama mai sauƙi, amma wannan tsari yana faruwa a hankali. Lokacin da ya kai shekara daya, a cikin dabbobi, kusan dukkanin gashin gashi ya zama fari, ban da gabobi da kai. ulu na tumakin Saraja na nau’in plaited ne. Ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin awn, gashi na wucin gadi da ƙasa.

Yawancin wakilan zamani na nau’in Saraja suna da lahani na waje:

• gaɓoɓin baya tare da saiti mai siffar x;
• kaifi bushes;
• ƙirji marar wadatarwa;
• sauke baya.

Yawan aiki

Tumaki irin na Saraja suna da daraja saboda yawan nama da ulu. Yawan yanka nama yana kusa da 60%, duk da cewa corset na muscular a cikin waɗannan dabbobi yana da rauni.

An haifi raguna da nauyin kilogiram 4,5-5. Matsakaicin amfanin yau da kullun shine gram 200. Tuni da shekaru watanni biyar, nauyin rago shine 30-35 kg, kuma yarovka – 25-30 kg.

Hankali! Haihuwar sarauniya na irin Saraja shine 108-115%.

Ana shear tumaki sau 2 a shekara, a cikin bazara da kaka, yayin da suke girma da sauri. Daga tumaki yana yiwuwa a yanke 2,5-4 kg na albarkatun ulu a kowace shekara. Tumaki sun fi girma, sabili da haka suna da ƙarin sheared – 3.5-5 kg. Ana amfani da ulun tumakin saraja don yin kafet da shimfidar gado.

Hankali! Bayan wankewa, yawan amfanin yau da kullun na ulu shine 60%.

Baya ga ulu da nama, ana samun madara daga wakilan wannan nau’in. Don shayarwa ɗaya, tunkiya tana ba da lita 100. Yana da kitse kuma mai yawan furotin. Milk ya dace don samar da nau’in cuku mai tsada da kayan madara mai ƙima.

Nonon tumaki

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Ana daraja tumakin Saraja a gida da sauran ƙasashe saboda halayensu:

• jimiri;
• daidaitawa ga kiwo na tsawon shekara;
• unpretentiousness don ciyar;
• high yawan aiki ga ulu da nama.

A ƙasarsu, a Turkmenistan, dabbobi suna kiwo duk shekara. Sai kawai a lokacin sanyi mai tsanani da yanayin ƙanƙara dabbobi suna zama a cikin paddock. Ba sa buƙatar ciyarwa. Turkmens gabatar da hay da mayar da hankali a cikin rage cin abinci na tumaki da raguna kawai a cikin lokaci kafin mai zuwa dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi.

Lalacewar irin sun hada da:

• ƙananan haihuwa;
• lahani a cikin waje – saitin da ba daidai ba na gaɓoɓi, ƙirjin ƙirji, ƙyallen kaifi.

Tumaki na irin Saraja suna shahara ba kawai a cikin Turkmenistan ba, har ma a cikin ƙasashe makwabta. Yawan su yana karuwa kullum – a cikin 1990 ya kai fiye da mutane 420 dubu. Halayen da aka nuna da su suna da daraja a yankunan da ke da yanayin yanayi na nahiyar.

Marubuci: Olga Samoilova