Zabu saniya

Saniya zebu ba ta da yawa a cikin ƙasashen CIS. Babban mazauninta shine Indiya, Afirka, Iran da Pakistan. Tarihin wannan nau’in layin yana da shekaru dubu da yawa, kuma a wannan lokacin ya riga ya sami damar zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na aikin noma na Indiya. Irin waɗannan dabbobin suna da halin rashin fahimta ta fuskar kulawa, tsayin daka ga cututtuka, da kwanciyar hankali. Kuma a wasu yankuna na Asiya, ana ɗaukar irin waɗannan dabbobi masu tsarki.

Zabu saniya

Tarihin asalin jinsin

Zuwa yau, akwai nau’ikan shanun zebu da yawa. An raba su ta wurin yanki na wurin zama. Amma, duk da haka, ana ɗaukar Indiya a matsayin wurin haifuwar dukan shanun zebu da ke wanzu a yau. A nan ne mutanen kauyen suka fara kiwon irin wadannan shanu. Bugu da ƙari, a wannan lokacin, bayyanar da yanayin wakilan nau’in ya canza kadan.

Dangane da magabatan irin wadannan dabbobi, dangane da haka, ra’ayoyin duk masu bincike sun kasu kashi biyu manyan kwatance. Sansanin farko ya yi imanin cewa waɗannan dangi ne kai tsaye na aurochs, waɗanda a zamanin da suka kasance na kowa a Turai da Asiya. Wasu masana kimiyya suna da’awar cewa irin waɗannan halittu masu rai sun haɓaka a matsayin reshe daban kuma ba su da wata alaƙa da yawon shakatawa.

Abin da kawai masu bincike suka yarda da shi shine cewa zebu ya sami babban juriya na zafi da ba a saba gani ba a cikin tsarin haɓaka nau’in. Kuma kakannin shanu sun ji dadi sosai a cikin yanayi mai zafi. Amma irin wannan ingancin da aka samu mai amfani ya ba da damar shanu su bazu zuwa yankin Afirka, Asiya, Ostiraliya, inda yawancin dabbobi ke da sauƙin saduwa a yau.

Magana. A lokacin haɓaka layin nau’in, galibi ana haye shi da shanu na Turai don haɓaka yawan amfanin dabbobi. Kuma a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, wannan yanayin ya shahara sosai wanda kusan babu zebu mai tsarki da ya rage. Amma masu ilimin irin nau’in har yanzu sun sami nasarar dawo da yawan dabbobi a cikin lokaci.

Bayani

Ya kamata a lura da cewa girma da mutum al’amurran da bayyanar daban-daban subspecies na irin iya bambanta muhimmanci. Don haka, nauyin pygmy zebu, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 150 kg tare da tsawo na 90 cm ba. Wannan iri-iri da aka bred da shayarwa a matsayin ornamental, amma ana iya quite bred ga nama da madara.

Large zebu ya kai 150 cm a bushes. Nauyin bijimai na iya wuce kilogiram 900. Nauyin shanu shine 600-650 kg.

Babban fasali na ciki na wannan nau’in shanu sun haɗa da:

• jiki mai ƙarfi tare da haɓakar ƙwayar tsoka;
• kai tsaye;
• fadi mai ƙarfi kirji;
• akwai babban ninki na fata akan dewlap;
• kai yana daidai da jiki;
• wuyan dabba yana da tsayi da ƙarfi;
• gabobi suna da haɓaka da kyau kuma sun dace da dogon wurare;
• dogayen ƙahoni madaidaici.

Amma, ba shakka, babban “haske” a cikin bayyanar shanu na Indiya shine babban tsalle a baya. Irin wannan samuwar zai iya kai nauyin kilogiram 10. Ya ƙunshi gaba ɗaya na ƙwayar tsoka da ajiyar mai, waɗanda ake cinyewa lokacin da ƙarancin abinci.

Fatar talikai duhu ce launin toka ko baki. Daga sama an rufe shi da ja, fari, launin toka mai haske ko gajeriyar gashi. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan haɗin launuka ba haɗari ba ne. Yana ba dabbar da tabbatacciyar kariya daga zafin rana.

Halayen yawan aiki

A al’adance a Indiya, ana kiwon zebu ne da farko don samar da madara. Wani dattijo na manyan kasashe samar da ƙananan kundin samfurin a shekara. A matsakaita, yawan nononta na shekara yana kusan kilogiram 800-1000. A cikin wakilan dwarf na nau’in, yawan amfanin nono na yau da kullun shine lita 3-3.5. Amma ƙarancin yawan madarar irin waɗannan dabbobin yana biyan kuɗin da ingancin madara. Adadin kitse a cikinsa shine 8%. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi adadin adadin phosphoric acid.

An haifi Zebu ne don nono a Indiya.

A wasu kasashen Asiya, da kuma a Amurka, Afirka da Ostiraliya, ana amfani da irin wadannan shanu wajen yin naman sa. Ga manyan dabbobi, yawan yanka nama daga gawa ya kai 80%. Ga dwarf mutane, wannan adadi, a matsayin mai mulkin, bai wuce 50% ba. Naman sa yana da tauri sosai kuma yana da nau’in fibrous.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa a ƙauyukan Indiya, ana amfani da zebu azaman dabbobi. Wannan yana samun sauƙi ta hanyar juriya da ƙarfin jiki na shanu.

Idan an sami wasu dabbobi don kiwo layin tsattsauran ra’ayi, to dole ne mai shi yayi la’akari da waɗannan fasalulluka na shanu:

• Maturation ga dabbar ta hanyar canjin a cikin shanu na faruwa a watanni 45 (don manyan kasashe) da da watanni 16 (don dwarf);
• lokacin daukar ciki yana ɗaukar kwanaki 260-285;
• An haifi maraƙi 1 kawai a cikin maraƙi mai nauyin 35 kg (ga masu tsayi), har zuwa 15 kg (ga dwarf);
• saniya ta haifi ‘ya’ya ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 1,5-2;
• ‘Yan maruƙa tun daga haihuwa za su iya tsayawa da ƙafafu kuma suna tafiya cikin yardar kaina a bayan mahaifiyarsu;
• Tabon jaririn ya cika yana da shekara shida, wanda ke ba shi damar cin ciyawa da kansa.

A irin waɗannan shanu, ilhami na uwa yana da kyau sosai. Suna lura da ‘ya’yan da kansu kuma suna kare shi.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da irin

Jerin kyawawan halaye na shanun zebu yana da tsayi sosai. Dangane da asalin wasu nau’ikan shanu, an bambanta su da waɗannan siffofi:

• unpretentiousness ga yanayin tsare;
• riba mai yawa da samar da madara ko da a yanayin ciyar da ciyayi mara kyau ba tare da tufafi ba;
• kwantar da hankali, godiya gare shi ko da yaro zai iya sauƙin rike dabba;
• kariya mai karfi ga yawancin cututtuka na shanu, dalilin da ya sa shine yawan adadin leukocytes a cikin jini;
• sauƙi calving, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta ya wuce ba tare da rikitarwa ba kuma baya buƙatar sa hannun mutum;
• kyakkyawan ingancin madara da nama (tare da kitsen da ya dace);
• babban jimiri, godiya ga abin da dabbobi ke iya jure wa dogon lokaci zuwa makiyaya.

Magana. Na dabam, ya zama dole a nuna tsayin daka na tsayin daka na irin waɗannan halittu masu rai zuwa yanayin yanayi mai zafi. Ana sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar wasu hanyoyin kariya na halitta na dabba. Fatarsa ​​tana da naɗewa da yawan ƙwayar gumi, wanda saboda haka akwai musayar zafi mai tsanani a cikin jiki.

Sulun irin waɗannan shanun gajere ne kuma baya hana zafi tserewa zuwa waje. Yawan salivation yana ba da damar dabbobi su ci ko da busasshiyar abinci ba tare da kasancewar ruwa a kusa ba.

Yana da sauƙi ga zebu ya ɗauki wurin kiwo

Godiya ga wannan fasalin, yana da sauƙi ga zebu ya karɓi kiwo. Don kiwonsu, akwai isassun wuraren buɗe ido ba tare da kasancewar wuraren inuwa ba.

Daga cikin gazawar layin nau’in za a iya gano:

• jinkirin balaga a cikin manyan nau’ikan;
• maimakon ƙarancin yawan amfanin nono na shekara-shekara;
• jinkirin kiba a cikin matasa dabbobi.

An yi amfani da shanun Zebu a ƙauyukan Indiya da Madagaska tsawon dubban shekaru a matsayin daftarin dabbobi da hawa, tushen madara ga dukan iyali. A wasu kasashen kuma ana daraja naman da ake samu daga irin wadannan dabbobi. Dangane da nau’in dwarf, galibi ana siyan su da kansu azaman dabbobi. Duk wannan ya sa nau’in ya zama na musamman kuma ya cancanci kulawa.