A cikin 1944, masu shayarwa na Soviet sun haifar da nau’in shanu na Kostroma, wanda ya cika duk bukatun manoma a cikin latitudes na yanayi. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya bazu ko’ina cikin yankin tsohuwar USSR da jihohin makwabta.
Kostroma saniya
Siffofin
Asalin
Lokacin bayyanar shanu na Kostroma ya fadi a kan wahala ga Rasha farkon rabin karni na 20 a gonar Karaevo. Ta hanyar ƙetare nau’in Miskovskaya da Babaevskaya, wanda aka dasa nau’in Swiss da Algauz, tsarin yana tare da zaɓin dabbobin da ke da halaye mafi girma. A cikin 1944, an amince da nau’in Kostroma a matsayin mai zaman kansa. Aiki don inganta halayensa yana ci gaba har yau.
Bayyanar
An haifi saniyar Kostroma a matsayin nama da saniya mai kiwo kuma tana da siffofi na waje irin waɗannan nau’ikan. An bambanta su da ƙarfin jiki mai ƙarfi na tsoka, jiki mai ɗan tsayi, lebur baya, gajerun ƙafafu da kwarangwal mai ƙarfi. Suna da ƙirji mai zurfi, ingantaccen haɓaka da kai mai tsayi. Nono mai siffar kofi ne.
Yawan aiki
Saboda girman girman da kallo na farko, ana iya ganin nau’in nau’in nama ne na musamman kuma, a cikin shekaru daya da rabi, bijimai suna samun nauyin kilo 500, yayin da nauyin babba ya bambanta daga 500 zuwa 500. 800 kg na shanu kuma daga 800 zuwa 1200 kg na bijimai. Tare da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, haɓakar dabbobin matasa ya kai gram 1300 kowace rana. Dangane da shekaru, yawan nama yana zuwa 65% na nauyin rayuwa, yayin da samfurin nama yana da alamun inganci.
Har ila yau, dabbobi suna ba da wadataccen madara mai ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali. Matsakaicin adadin nonon da ake samu a kowace shekara a kowace saniya shine lita 5000-6000, masu rikodi sun kai 7000, kuma an san lokuta 70 na yawan nonon sama da lita 9000. Tare da irin wannan yawan amfanin nono, mai abun ciki na madara tare da daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki ya kai matakin sama da 4,1%, kuma lokacin lactation yana ɗaukar shekara 1.
Madarancin nau’in yana da mai, lokacin lactation yana ɗaukar shekara 1
Fa’idodi da rashin amfani
Babban fa’ida shine yawan yawan dabbobi, amma waɗannan ba duk fa’idodin wannan iri-iri bane.
- An bambanta shanu ta hanyar juriya da yawan aiki na dogon lokaci na akalla shekaru 20.
- Shanu ba su da fa’ida a cikin abinci kuma cikin sauƙi narke roughage, yayin da kawai ƙara yawan amfanin nono. Lokacin kiwo a wuraren kiwo, karuwar nauyi baya faduwa. A nutsu a jure canjin abinci.
- Daidai dace da sauye-sauyen yanayi, akan yanayin zafi na tsakiyar Rasha.
- Suna da babban rigakafi da lafiya mai kyau.
- Hotel mai haske.
- Dabbobi suna iya haifuwa riga a watan 15 na rayuwa, ƙarƙashin isassun kitso.
Daga cikin gazawar, daya kawai aka lura – jinkirin ƙwayar madara, game da lita 1,2 a minti daya.
Kulawa da kulawa
Dabbobin, ko da yake unpretentious, amma idan manomi yana so ya sami matsakaicin fa’ida daga ajiye, shi ne har yanzu daraja samar da ƙaho tare da duk abin da ake bukata. Kostroma saniya yana rayuwa a cikin yanayin da ba su da dadi ga sauran shanu, amma yana da muhimmanci a yi la’akari da yanayin da ke kewaye da lokacin da aka samar da abinci da sauran siffofi.
- yawan ciyarwa a lokacin bushewa wajibi ne;
- dangane da yawan amfanin nono, yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi ciyarwar mutum ɗaya don shanun kiwo;
- saka idanu na tsare-tsare na ci gaban matasa dabbobi da yawan ciyarwa;
- abinci mai yawa da yawa yana ƙara haɗarin haɓaka cututtukan hanji, yana rage samar da madara;
- yana da kyawawa a ajiye dabbobi a cikin wuraren da aka kula da su.
Kula da saniya
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa a cikin girma
Yanayin tsarewa yana tasiri sosai ga inganci da adadin madara. Don haka a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki, mai abun ciki na madara yana ƙaruwa, amma yawan madara yana raguwa. A cikin yanayin zafi, akwai raguwa a cikin alamun madara a kowane hali, har ma da halin da ake ciki, ya zama dole don ƙara yawan abinci mai mahimmanci da kuma samar da damar samun ruwan sha kyauta.
Muhimmanci! Dabbar ta saba zama a cikin garken, kuma canza ƙungiyar kuma na iya yin mummunar tasiri ga amfanin nono.
Wasu lokuta maruƙa na iya samun jinkirin ci gaban jima’i, yawanci saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Bisa ga dukkan ka’idoji, jima’i na bijimai yana farawa tun yana da shekaru watanni takwas, saboda haka ana bada shawarar raba jariran lokacin da suka kai watanni biyar.
Kammalawa
Idan kana so ka sami matsakaicin yawan amfanin nono da riba mai girma, kar ka manta da shanu, ko ta yaya suke da wuyar gaske, godiya ga ƙauna da kirki. Kamar mutane, tana buƙatar bitamin da ma’adanai, kuma mafi mahimmanci, yana da mahimmanci don kare saniya daga yanayin damuwa. Idan kun bi duk sharuɗɗan, to, watakila saniya za ta kasance cikin zakarun, akwai cikakken rikodin lita 16252 na madara a kowace shekara daga saniya guda.
https://youtu.be/XiUdD2NAUJ0
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
