Yadda za a zabi nau’in tumatir na farko don girma a cikin greenhouse da kuma a cikin fili

Thermophilic da tumatir tumatir suna da matukar damuwa ga ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma suna amsawa tare da dukan jikinsu ga mummunan yanayi. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don amfani da kowace rana mai kyau don shuka ya ba da matsakaicin komawa. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole cewa fruiting fara da wuri-wuri.

Masu kiwo suna aiki akai-akai don rage lokacin shuka iri don samun cikakkiyar amfanin gona mai inganci. Wannan yunƙurin ba a banza ba ne, an ƙirƙiro da yawa na farkon irin tumatur, waɗanda ke ba da girbi a ƙasa da watanni uku.

Menene su – farkon nau’in tumatir

Nau’o’in da suka fara girma suma suna cikin waɗanda ba a tantance su ba, amma duk da haka waɗanda suka fi saurin girma su ne tsire-tsire masu ƙima. Daga cikin su, akwai ma daban-daban rukuni na ultra-farkon iri. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da siffofi na musamman waɗanda ke nuna fasalin ilimin halittarsu:

• gajeren tsayi (daga 30 zuwa 80 cm);
• m daji;
• gajeren internodes;
• ƙananan wuri na goga na farko na fure: sama da ganye 5-7 sannan bayan ganye 1-2;
• abokantaka ripening na amfanin gona a cikin gajeren lokaci.

Wasu tumatir na farko a zahiri ba sa yin harbe-harbe a kaikaice, kuma tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar pinching.

Lokacin Vehetatsyonny

Idan muka yi la’akari da farkon nau’in da ba a tantance ba, to, lokacin girma na su yana da tsayi sosai kuma yawanci ana dakatar da girma ta hanyar danna saman don ba da damar ovaries suyi girma kafin farkon yanayin yanayi mara kyau.

Suna da wuri saboda suna fara ‘ya’yan itace a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan dasa shuki.

Tumatir mai ƙwanƙwasa da wuri gaba ɗaya yana gama ‘ya’yan itace har zuwa Satumba, saboda suna samar da iyakataccen adadin gungu na ‘ya’yan itace (3-5) kuma suna gama kakar girma.

Tumatir da aka ƙaddara da wuri suna samar da daga gungu na ‘ya’yan itace 5 zuwa 8 a kan tushe na tsakiya, amma har yanzu suna iya samar da harbe-harbe, don haka lokacin ‘ya’yan itacen yana da tsayi sosai.

Yawan aiki

Ya dogara da iri-iri da kanta da kuma nau’in daji da wurin girma (bude ƙasa, greenhouses, matsuguni na wucin gadi) da matsakaici daga 3 zuwa 15 kg a kowace 1 m.².

Wurin zama

Iri na farko suna da faffadan aikin noma. Suna da lokaci don ba da girbi ko da a cikin yanayin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani a cikin yankunan arewa, musamman ma a cikin ƙasa mai kariya. A cikin yankunan kudancin, bayan ƙarshen lokacin girma na tumatir na farko, zaka iya samun nasarar samun amfanin gona na biyu na kayan lambu.

Ribobi da fursunoni na farkon cikakke iri

• kwanakin farkon zuwan girbi na farko suna da farashin siyarwa mai yawa;
• ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari na duniya tare da kyawawan halaye na kasuwanci;
• sauƙi na noma, kulawa da girbi;
• gajerun lokutan girma na ba ka damar shuka amfanin gona kafin ci gaban manyan cututtuka, irin su ciwon daji, ciwon daji, da sauransu.

Ƙananan lahani na wasu nau’in tumatir na farko sun haɗa da gajeren lokacin girbi, ƙananan amfanin gona, da ƙananan ‘ya’yan itace. Amma akwai banda wannan ka’ida kuma.

Tumatir na farkon iri don greenhouses da bude ƙasa

Don greenhouses ta nau’in daji sun fi dacewa:

• ire-iren ire-iren su: “Golden Brush”, “Mandarinka”, “Sprinter F1”, “Samurai F1” da sauransu. Suna da tsayin girma, ana yin buroshin ’ya’yan itace cikakke kowane ganye biyu, su zama tushe guda. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari daga 80 zuwa 150 g, m, m, duniya manufa.
• Semi-determinant “Present F1”, “Superstar”, da dai sauransu. ya zama mai tushe ɗaya ko biyu.

Don greenhouses na fim, zaku iya amfani da hybrids masu tsayayya:

• “F1 Blagovest”, “F1 Gina”, “F1 Cavalier”, “F1 Shustrik”.

Don greenhouses F1:

• “NK-Sprinter”, “Caspar”, “Overture-NK”, “Verlioka”, “Search”, “Tornado”.

Hybrid F:

• “Typhoon”, “Druzhok”, “Blagovest”, “Semko-Sinbad” yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa har zuwa kilogiram 10 a kowace murabba’in mita, ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu kyau na kasuwanci, santsi, nauyin 70-100 g. Ana iya girma a cikin matsuguni kuma ba tare da su ba.

Don buɗe ƙasa:

• Parodist, Marisha, Benito F1, Aphrodite F1, Fashewa, Liana, Alpha, Gina, Doll F1.

Ripen a cikin kwanaki 80-100. Nau’in daji yana ƙayyade. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na duniya suna yin la’akari daga 100 zuwa 200 g, kawai Alpha ya ɗan ƙarami (50-70 g). Suna da yawa, an adana su da kyau, suna jure wa sufuri.

Tsire-tsire suna da sauƙin kulawa, ba su da tsayi, suna samar da ƙananan yara. Babban juriya ga cututtuka da yanayin yanayi mara kyau yana ba ku damar samun amfanin gona mai inganci a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Don baranda, ƙananan girma, tsayin 25-30 cm, an ƙirƙiri nau’ikan iri, superdeterminant, ba buƙatar samuwar ba. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ƙanana ne, nauyin su daga 20 zuwa 30 g, amma mai dadi sosai. Ta hanyar balaga:

• “Abin mamaki na dakin”, “Lambun Lu’u-lu’u” – kwanaki 80-90;
• “Dakin Pygmy”, “Pinocchio” – kwanaki 90-95.

Ya dace don amfani da irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouses da buɗe ƙasa don ƙaddamar da shuka.

Misalai na ultra-farko iri: “Silhouette”, “Greenhouse farkon F1”, “Superstar”, “Boni-M”. Suna fara girma a cikin ƙasa da kwanaki 80.

Marubucin bidiyon ya nuna yadda kuma a cikin waɗanne yanayi ta ke tsiro ƙarancin girma determinant farkon irin tumatir.

Tsire-tsire masu lafiya sune mabuɗin girbi da wuri

Shuka iri

Seedling shiri fara a karshen Fabrairu. Lokacin shuka iri na iya bambanta sosai dangane da inda za’a shuka tumatir:

• hunturu greenhouses – daga Janairu;
• fim greenhouses – daga Fabrairu;
• bude ƙasa – karshen Maris / farkon Afrilu.

Pixoning seedlings

Seedlings nutse lokacin da sprouts ba na farko – na biyu gaskiya ganye. Ma’anar ɗauka ba kawai don ƙara yawan abinci mai gina jiki ba ne, amma har ma don haifar da ci gaban tushen tushen ta hanyar tsinke tushen famfo.

Zazzabi

Yanayin zafin jiki da haske bai kamata ya ta da elongation na seedlings ba. Yanayin iska:

• zafin jiki na 23-25 ​​° C;
• germination 14-16 ° C;
• zafin jiki na 16-18 ° C;
• 20-22 ° C bayan dasawa.

Yawan zafin jiki na dare yana ƙasa da digiri 2-3, makonni biyu kafin saukowa a cikin ƙasa, ana yin taurin kai, sannu a hankali rage yawan zafin jiki.

Alamun lafiya seedlings

Seedlings suna shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa kwanaki 40-45 bayan shuka lokacin girma ba tare da ɗauka ba kuma bayan kwanaki 45-50 tare da ɗauka. Ya kamata ya kasance yana da ƙarfi, barga mai tushe, mai wadataccen launi koren ganye ba tare da haɗaɗɗun abubuwa da karkatarwa ba. Ganyen suna kan daidai kusurwoyi zuwa tushe.

Dasa kwanakin a budadden ƙasa

Dangane da nau’in tsarin kariya da yankin, kwanakin dasa shuki na iya bambanta daga Fabrairu (gidaje masu zafi masu zafi) zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu – farkon rabin Mayu (gidan fim). Ana dasa tumatir a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa bayan farkon yanayin dumi a hankali a ƙarshen Mayu – Yuni. A wannan lokacin, ƙasa ya kamata ya dumi sama da 10 ° C, iska kuma sama da 15 ° C.

Yadda ake dasa shuki yadda ya kamata

Ana iya shuka nau’in tumatir na farko a waje da kuma cikin kowane nau’in tsarin kariya. Saboda ƙananan girma da ƙananan tsarin daji, za ku iya amfani da ƙananan greenhouses, tunnels kuma ku ɗauki wurare marasa dadi a ƙarƙashin zagaye na greenhouses.

Tsarin dasa shuki ya dogara da nau’in daji da faɗin filin ko greenhouse:

• daidaitattun tsire-tsire masu girma da ƙananan girma waɗanda suka zama cikin tushe guda ɗaya ana shuka su tare da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a jere na 25-30 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka – 35-40 cm. A gare su, duka hanyar dasa shuki na ƙananan layi, da dasa shuki a cikin tsarin checkerboard, da murabba’in murabba’in sun dace lokacin da aka dasa shuki biyu a cikin rami ɗaya.
• Dogayen tumatur na farko, waɗanda ke cikin 2-3 mai tushe, ana dasa su a nesa na 50-60 cm daga juna a jere, kuma nisa tsakanin layuka yana daga 50 zuwa 70 cm. Zai fi kyau shuka irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin layuka ɗaya ko biyu kuma barin hanyar 70-90 cm don sauƙin kulawa da girbi.

Hanyoyin samuwar Bush

Don nau’ikan da ke da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don samuwar, waɗanda aka ƙaddara ta halaye na ilimin lissafi:

• Ƙarƙashin girma, ma’auni, ultra- cikakke baya buƙatar samuwar kwata-kwata.
• Ƙayyade ƙanana da matsakaitan masu girma zuwa tushe ɗaya, bayan samuwar goga na fure na ƙarshe, suna canja wurin ‘ya’yan itace zuwa harbi na gefe da ke ƙasan wannan goga. Kuna iya barin harbe biyu (ko ma uku) a ƙarƙashin goga na farko ko na gaba don samun ‘ya’yan itace da yawa.
• Tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da tushe da wuri mafi kyau sun fi samar da su cikin tushe ɗaya, suna cire duk harbe waɗanda ke fitowa a cikin axils na ganye.

Yadda za a ɗaure bushes daidai

Yawancin ƙananan tsire-tsire masu girma, daidaitattun bishiyoyin tumatir ba sa buƙatar garter, saboda tushen su yana iya riƙe ƙananan adadin ‘ya’yan itatuwa a tsaye wanda wannan nau’in ya tsara.

Tsire-tsire masu tsayi suna ɗaure da goyan bayan barga ko ƙaƙƙarfan trellis a layi daya zuwa jere. Ana aiwatar da garter bayan bayyanar buroshi na farko na fure tare da zare mai laushi ko zane wanda baya cutar da shuka.

Zaɓin zaɓi na daidaitattun nau’ikan ta hanyar lokacin girma yana ba da gudummawa ga tsayin daka mai mahimmanci na lokacin karɓar sabbin samfura da amfani da sararin samaniya. Irin tumatir na farko sun mamaye wurin da sauran nau’ikan ba za su iya mamayewa ba.