Don shuka tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba, wajibi ne a bi dokoki masu mahimmanci lokacin dasa shuki

Ra’ayin yana da tushe sosai cewa tumatir suna son ruwa sosai, ba tare da ban ruwa na wucin gadi ba, babu ma’ana a shuka su. Duk da haka, ba kowane gidan rani yana da tushen ruwa ba, ba tare da ambaton babban ruwa ba. Hazowar yanayi al’amari ne da ba a iya tsammani ba, ba shi da ma’ana don ƙididdige ruwan sama. Matsalolin shayarwa galibi suna tilasta mazauna bazara su yi watsi da shuka amfanin gona da suka fi so.

Menene ainihin hanyar shuka tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba?

Ruwa na yau da kullum ba ya haifar da ci gaban tsarin tushen tumatir ta kowace hanya – ana ciyar da su kuma ana shayar da su akai-akai, sau da yawa fiye da haka. A cikin irin wannan yanayi mai dadi, har zuwa farkon ‘ya’yan itace, shuka ba shi da wani abin ƙarfafawa don shiga zurfin cikin tushen. A lokacin ci gaban ‘ya’yan itace, bukatun jiki yana karuwa – tushen ya fara neman ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki, wato, ci gaban tsarin tushen yana faruwa tare da jinkiri mai mahimmanci.

Girman tsarin tushen a wannan lokacin shine fifiko ga shuka – ‘ya’yan itace an jinkirta dan kadan, yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin ƙididdiga yana raguwa.

Don kauce wa wannan, akwai hanyar fasahar noma – girma tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba, an kafa tsarin tushen ci gaba tun kafin ‘ya’yan itace. Irin wannan tushen zai iya “ciyar da” ba kawai daji na tumatir kanta ba, har ma da girbi mai yawa.

7 abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin hanyar

Kula da gidajen rani ya zama matsala – tsoro na yau da kullum cewa duniya ta bushe kuma tsire-tsire za su mutu ya tilasta musu su kama kan gwangwani da hoses. Mutane kaɗan suna tunanin cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, tsire-tsire suna sarrafa kawai tare da hazo.

Hanyar noman tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba shine ainihin ganowa ga mazaunan bazara na karshen mako, ga wadanda ba su da ruwan sha, babu tushen ruwa a kusa.

1. Aikin da ya fi cin lokaci a kan shafin – shayarwa da sassauta ƙasa ba a buƙata. Lokacin kyauta da kuzarin da aka ajiye ba su da tsada.
2. Ajiye ruwa don ban ruwa shine muhimmiyar fa’ida a gaban samar da ruwa na tsakiya.
3. Dangane da yanayin ƙasa mai karewa, raguwa a cikin zafi yana da tasiri mai amfani akan tsarin ‘ya’yan itace.
4. Tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi yana ba da yawan amfanin tumatir da aka girma ba tare da ban ruwa ba.
5. Idan babu ban ruwa, amfanin gona na gadon tumatir yana da darajar kiyayewa – busassun microclimate ba ya taimakawa wajen ci gaba da cututtuka na fungal.
6. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari da kansu suna bambanta ta hanyar ƙara yawan sukari da kuma ɗanɗano da ƙamshi mai faɗi saboda ƙarancin ruwa.
7. Agrotechnics na lambun tumatir ba tare da amfani da ban ruwa ba yana ba ku damar shuka amfanin gona mai dacewa da muhalli – yana yiwuwa a samu ta hanyar rigakafin rigakafi tun kafin fara samar da ‘ya’yan itace.

A kan bangon irin wannan fa’ida na bayyane, rashin amfani yana da alama – farkon farkon ‘ya’yan itace yana jinkirta makonni 1-2. Daga baya, inganci da adadin tumatir suna rama wannan rashin jin daɗi.

Yarda da sharuɗɗan shine babban abu a cikin hanya

Bisa ga dukkan dokokin yanayi, “babu wani abu da ya fito daga kome”. Don haka yana tare da tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba: idan an girma a kan rage yawan ruwa, to, sauran yanayin lambun tumatir ya kamata a saman.

ƙasa

Rashin shayarwa yana nuna rashin amincewa da suturar ruwa. Wannan yana nufin abu ɗaya – gado don girma tumatir ya kamata a shirya tare da kulawa sosai. Karkashin tonon kaka na kowane murabba’in mita 1.

• 7-8 kg (ba kasa da guga) na humus ko takin;
• 0,5 l kwalban ash;
• 150-200 g na nitroammophoska.

Mai wadataccen humus mai gina jiki, ƙasa mai tsari shine mabuɗin nasarar noman tumatir ba tare da ban ruwa ba. An kiyaye mulkin don duka bude ƙasa da greenhouses.

Zai fi dacewa don takin ƙasa mai yashi a lokacin tono bazara don kada duk takin da aka yi amfani da shi ya shiga, a zahiri, “a cikin yashi”.

Loams daidai yana riƙe da danshi – a cikin wurare masu kyau, bishiyoyin tumatir suna da kyau ba tare da shayarwa ba, farawa daga lokacin dasa shuki. Tare da bayyananniyar rashin abinci mai gina jiki, an ba da izinin shayar da ruwa mai yawa na lokaci 1 tare da babban sutura.

“Dokar bushewa” kuma ana iya keta haddi sau 1 a cikin fari mai tsayi musamman.

Wane irin tumatir da za a zaɓa

Abin ban mamaki, ba a buƙatar zaɓi na musamman lokacin zabar nau’in tumatir. Jin kyauta don gwaji tare da nau’ikan da kuka fi so. Iyakar abin da kawai shine mazaunan bazara na Arewa maso Yamma yakamata su tuna cewa an jinkirta lokacin aikin fruiting ta kwanaki 10-14.

1. Tun da yake ana amfani da wani ɓangare na tushe don samar da tsarin tushen, ba shi da ma’ana don shuka nau’in ƙaddara.
2. Matsakaicin nau’ikan nau’ikan sun dace da dabarar aikin gona don samun amfanin gona na tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba. Don buɗe gadaje na ƙasa, yana da kyau a ɗauki nau’ikan farkon farkon ko matsakaici: “Sarkin Farko”, “Bogatyr”, “Cossack”, “Adeline”, “Gina” da sauransu da yawa.
3. Duk nau’ikan tumatir na greenhouse, ba tare da togiya ba, sun dace da noman tumatir greenhouse: Darenka, Mutumin Lafiyar Abinci, Guguwar F1, Kyautar Aljana, Binciken F1 da sauransu.

Ba tare da shayarwa ba, tumatir tumatir kuma suna cin nasara ga canning, ƙasa da greenhouse – suna ba da ‘ya’yan itace, suna jin daɗin girbi kuma suna da dandano mai kyau.

Tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba – an dasa shi bisa ga dokoki

Dabarar samun amfanin gona ba tare da ban ruwa na wucin gadi ba zai adana lokaci mai yawa, ƙoƙari da kuɗi. Domin samun cikakkiyar masaniyar fa’idodin hanyar, dole ne a kiyaye wasu ƙa’idodin fasahar aikin gona.

Yadda za a shirya seedlings

Don noma ba tare da shayarwa ba, ya kamata a shirya bishiyoyin tumatir daga lokacin da harbe suka bayyana. Matasa shuke-shuke sun saba da rashin danshi daga farkon kwanakin rayuwa. Ana yin shayarwa ne kawai idan akwai ɓacin rai na sprouts, zai fi dacewa ta hanyar pallet, don haɓaka haɓakar tushen a cikin zurfin akwati tare da ƙasa.

Amfanin wannan yanayin:

• seedlings ba a shimfiɗa;
• tushen tsarin yana tasowa;
• busassun microclimate a cikin akwatin seedling shine mafi kyawun rigakafin “baƙar fata” da sauran cututtuka masu haɗari.

Wani muhimmin batu – lokacin nutsewar seedlings, ba za ku iya tsunkule tushen ba. Tushen tsarin daji na tumatir yana iya shiga zurfin 1,5-2,0 m.

Bayan cika kwanaki 50-60, ana dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe ko a cikin greenhouse. Don ingantacciyar rayuwa ta shuke-shuke a lokacin dasawa, ya zama dole a bi matakan mataki-mataki na ayyuka.

Cire ganyen biyu na ƙasa daga kowace shuka kafin dasa shuki. Za’a buƙaci sashin dandali na tushe don samuwar tushen masu zuwa.

Yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye ƙwallon ƙasa a kan tushen – wannan zai hanzarta aiwatar da haɓakawa a cikin sabon wuri. Idan tushen tsire-tsire ba su da tushe, shirya yumbu mai yumbu tare da daidaito na kirim mai tsami. Ana tsoma seedlings a cikin dusar ƙanƙara zuwa tsakiyar tushe kafin kwanciya a cikin rami. Wannan yana tabbatar da iyakar lamba tare da ƙasa.

Dafa rami

Ba tare da tufaffi ba, ba za ku iya ƙidaya amfanin gona na musamman na tumatir ba – kuna buƙatar neman kowane rami:

• 4-5 kilogiram na takin ko humus ba tare da takin ma’adinai ba;
• 1-2 nau’in toka na itace;
• 1 g na kantin magani potassium permanganate;
• ½ guga na ruwa.

Ya kamata a zubar da ruwa a cikin rami kawai bayan haxa dukkan takin mai magani tare da ƙasa – dole ne a daidaita abun da ke ciki akan yawan abubuwan da ke cikin.

Bayan shayar da ruwa, ana sanya tsire-tsire a kwance tare da tip zuwa arewa. Har zuwa tsakiyar tsayi, an yayyafa tushe tare da ƙasa, tare da Layer na ba fiye da 5 cm ba. Yana cikin saman yadudduka na gadaje cewa ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani suna rayuwa, waɗanda ke shiga cikin symbiosis tare da seedlings.

Na farko da na karshe watering

A hankali a zuba wani ½ guga na ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushen, a hankali kada a jika ganye. Wannan yana kammala shayarwa. Cika gado tare da bambaro, ciyawa, sawdust – duk wani abu mai yawa don rage ƙawancen ruwa da kare kariya daga ciyawa. Mulch Layer dole ne a kalla 5 cm

Za a iya ɗaure saman seedling zuwa tallafi ko trellis. Ana sanya ramukan a nesa a cikin jere na 40-50 cm tare da jeri na 80-100 cm. Tumatir ya kamata ya sami isasshen hasken rana.

Babban abu shine kada a nuna tausayi kuma kada a shayar da gado a cikin kwanaki 2-3, lokacin da aka yi amfani da ruwa a cikin rami kuma tumatir ya fara bushewa. Rashin ruwa zai hanzarta samuwar tushen a kan sashin kwance na tushe – a cikin makonni 1-2 duk abin da zai dawo al’ada, ‘ya’yan itatuwa za su “zuwa rayuwa”.

A cikin bidiyon, za ku ga yadda tumatir ke tsiro wanda ba a shayar da shi ba, ba a yi taki ba, kuma ba a bi fasahar noma ba.

Bude ƙasa da greenhouse – fasali na fasahar aikin gona

Bayan dasa shuki a cikin lambun, abu ɗaya kawai ake buƙata daga mai lambu – don kula da tsarin halitta a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar amfani da mulching. Hanya mai sauƙi yana taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin da yawa:

• ajiye danshi na ƙasa daga evaporation;
• kare saman gado daga zafi mai zafi da yashwar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwan halitta – ruwan sama, iska, rana;
• a yayin da aka rage yawan zafin jiki na yanayi, tsarin tushen ba zai ji sanyi ba, zai yi aiki a cikin yanayin guda ɗaya;
• wani Layer na ciyawa zai hana ciyawa tsaba daga germinating;
• sannu a hankali bazuwar, ciyawa yana ba da abinci ga ƙasa microorganisms na saman Layer na gado – an kafa humus mai gina jiki.

Kusan kowane abu mai girma ana iya amfani dashi azaman ciyawa. A cikin gadaje kayan lambu, ana ba da fifiko ga sharar gida daga ayyukan tattalin arziki – ciyawa da aka yanka, ciyawa, yankakken rassan da guntun itace, husks sunflower, bawo na goro, da dai sauransu.

Agrotechnics don girma tumatir ba tare da ban ruwa ba a cikin karewa da yanayin buɗe ƙasa ba ya bambanta. Gidan greenhouse, tare da microclimate da kuma dogara ga samun iska, shine babban dalilin wasu bambance-bambance.

Gabaɗaya shawarwari Fasalolin al’adun greenhouse Fasalolin buɗe ƙasa

• mulching beds,
• samuwar daji,
• rigakafin cututtukan fungal

Musamman hankali ga samun iska na greenhouse:

• a zafin jiki na 30^°C ovaries ba su samuwa;
• condensate na ruwa a cikin rashin samun iska ya zama wurin zama na cututtukan fungal.

Babban fifiko shine mulching:

• kariya daga ƙasa daga yashwa, overheating, hypothermia;
• ciyawa yana hana barbashi ƙasa fadowa akan ganyen tumatir a lokacin ruwan sama – mafi kyawun rigakafin cututtukan fungal da rot:
• karewar ciyawa.

Lokacin girma tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba, an cire suturar saman ruwa – an riga an shimfiɗa kayan abinci a cikin lambun kafin dasa shuki. Tsire-tsire da aka dasa bisa ga ka’idoji suna ba da abinci ga duk lokacin girma – har zuwa ƙarshen kakar.

Baya ga 1-2-ninka magani a kan cututtukan fungal kafin ‘ya’yan itace, babu ma’ana a fesa duk wani “chemistry” akan bishiyoyin tumatir.

Matakan kariya mafi inganci suna bin ka’idoji.

1. Saukowa ba su da kauri – duk tsire-tsire suna da haske sosai.
2. Bushes suna siffa kuma an ɗaure su da trellis ko goyan baya.
3. Ƙasar tana ciyawa, ana ƙara ciyawa akai-akai yayin da yake raguwa.
4. Yarda da tsarin mulki na yanayin zafi da samun iska a cikin greenhouse namo tumatir.

Don hana cututtuka da kuma kawar da kwari na parasitic, yana da amfani don shuka calendula, marigolds da sauran tsire-tsire masu ado tare da ƙanshi mai zafi kusa da tumatir – don hada kasuwanci tare da jin dadi.

Duk hanyoyin noman tumatir tumatir ba tare da shayarwa ba suna da sauƙi kuma ana iya fahimta ta mahangar kimiyya. Don samun matsakaicin yawan amfanin tumatir tare da ƙananan aiki, ya zama dole don ƙetare shinge na tunani kuma ya ba da damar tsire-tsire su bunkasa bisa ga ka’idodin yanayi, kada su tsoma baki tare da su ta hanyar weeding da watering.