Seedlings girma a cikin gida suna kula da canjin yanayi. Mai ƙarfi da lafiya a cikin greenhouse, a cikin filin bude ba tare da taurin ba, da sauri ya mutu. Don hana faruwar hakan, dole ne a taurare shukar kafin a dasa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Bukatar hardening seedlings
Tumatir sprouts girma a gida ko a cikin greenhouse saba da m microclimate. Don ƙananan tsire-tsire (musamman bayan nutsewa), alheri na gaske yana zuwa: zafi mai yawa, haske, babu zane.
A wannan mataki, lambu mai ilimi ya fara sannu a hankali ya saba da tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin yanayi na ainihi.
Idan ba a yi haka ba, matasa ba za su yarda da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude (ƙona rana, cututtuka masu yaduwa, wilting saboda raguwa a yanayin zafi na yau da kullum).
An kafa Layer epidermal mai ƙarfi akan tsire-tsire tumatir mai tauri, godiya ga wanda ƙananan harbe ba sa jin tsoron yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi a waje.
A hankali taurin tsire-tsire yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar tushen ƙarfi, daidaita tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa a cikin jikin shuka lokacin da yanayin ya canza.
Seedlings da aka yi taurin sun dace da sauri don buɗe yanayin ƙasa kuma ba su da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka.
Menene ma’anar aiwatar da hardening tumatir
Hardening na seedlings ya zama dole saboda peculiarities na climatic zones na kasar mu. Ga yawancin amfanin gonakin lambu, lokacin girma shine kwanaki 140-200, wanda yayi ƙasa da adadin kwanakin tare da mafi kyawun zafin jiki don haɓaka shuka da haɓaka (kimanin kwanaki 150 a shekara).
Ana iya aiwatar da shuka iri daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu, ba sa tsoron sanyi mai yuwuwa, wanda ba za a iya faɗi game da seedlings ba. Saboda haka, dasa matasa sprouts a cikin marigayi Mayu – farkon Yuni, suna da lokaci don samun ƙarfi, ba da girbi kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.
Abubuwan da ake bukata
Don samun tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, wajibi ne don aiwatar da hardening a duk faɗin namowar seedlings a cikin gida. Akwai saba da tsire-tsire a hankali a cikin fili.
Hardening na seedlings yana farawa da bayyanar farkon ganye 4 na gaskiya. A makon farko, gwada kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin dakin tsakanin 16 ° C da 18 ° C a rana da tsakanin 14 ° C da 15 ° C da dare. Bayan mako guda, ya kamata a ƙara yawan zafin jiki da 2 ° C, bi da bi.
- Yawan zafin jiki na iska a waje yakamata yayi dumi zuwa 14-16 ° C a rana.
- An ba da izinin ɗaukar shuka a waje kawai a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.
- Sprouts tare da alamun tushen rot, bakin ciki, rauni, babu buƙatar taurara. Gara a hallaka shi a yanzu.
- Seedlings suna shirye don dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa idan sun shafe kwanaki da yawa akan titi ba tare da mummunan sakamako ba.
Lokacin da ya zama dole don taurara tsire-tsire, dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar wannan tsari, abin da ganye yayi kama da wanda ke shirye don hardening – waɗannan da sauran shawarwari suna ba da marubucin bidiyon.
Hanyoyi masu ƙarfi don tsire-tsire tumatir a gida
Seedlings suna girma a cikin greenhouses, greenhouses, a kan windowsills, baranda, kawai a cikin kofuna na filastik. Hanyar noma ba ta shafar ka’idodin hardening.
Idan kuna da akwatunan seedling akan windowsill ɗinku, buɗe taga kowace rana a tsakiyar rana, farawa da ƴan mintuna kaɗan, sannu a hankali ƙara lokaci zuwa awa ɗaya zuwa biyu. Yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye ƙananan ganye daga hasken rana kai tsaye da farko.
Ana shayar da seedlings sau ɗaya a mako. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da gwangwani mai ruwa tare da ƙananan ramuka ko sprayer. Kada ka bar shuka ya yi yawa sosai.
Mataki na gaba zai zama cire kwalaye tare da tsire-tsire matasa zuwa titi, a karon farko ya isa 1 hour. Seedlings ya kamata a taurare kullum, kullum kara daukan hotuna zuwa sabo iska, dangane da yanayi.
Ba lallai ba ne don shayar da ci gaban matasa kafin fitar da shi zuwa titi.
Lokacin da lokacin shuka seedlings ya yi, sanya akwatunan seedling a waje na tsawon kwanaki 2, zai fi dacewa a cikin kwanciyar hankali.
Idan tsire-tsire suna cikin greenhouse, ana buɗe kofofin a cikin ‘yan kwanaki na farko, sannu a hankali ƙara samun iska ta hanyar 1-2 hours.
Yanayin iska a cikin greenhouse kada ya wuce zafin jiki na waje da fiye da 2 ° C (ban da lokacin sanyi).
Daga baya, kawai ɗaga fim ɗin, tabbatar da cewa tsire-tsire ba su ƙone ta hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
Idan seedlings sun fara bushewa, an mayar da fim din zuwa wurinsa. Tare da halayen al’ada, ana barin greenhouse a bude ko da da dare (idan babu barazanar sanyi).
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman yanayi don hardening shine rage yawan ruwa. Mun dakatar da shayarwa kwanaki 7-10 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Haɓakawa a cikin kalmar yana rage ci gaban tsire-tsire, yana shafar girbi na gaba. Kada ku ƙyale seedling ya bushe, coma na ƙasa ya bushe.
Kada kayi ƙoƙarin taurara tumatir tare da fan, na’urar bushewa. Matasa tsire-tsire suna da matukar damuwa ga zane-zane, suna iya mutuwa. Akwai haɗarin rashin ƙididdige ƙarfin iska da karya harbe-harbe masu rauni.
Seedling kula dokoki
Akwai wasu dokoki don kula da seedlings:
- Kwantena tare da harbe ya kamata a kasance a cikin wuri mai haske.
- Drafts, windows bude kullum, kofofin (ko da a cikin yanayin dumi) ba za a yarda da su ba.
- A farkon kwanakin hardening, yi ƙoƙarin kare ƙananan harbe daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Bari su yi wanka ba fiye da minti 20 a rana ba. Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, ana iya barin seedlings a ƙarƙashin rana don dukan hasken rana.
- Watering ba shi da yawa. Kada ka bar ƙasa ta bushe, ta kumbura.
- A cikin yanayin sanyi kwatsam, idan matasan sprouts suna cikin dakin da ba a yi zafi ba, canja wurin kwalaye don zafi.
- Tare da ɗan gajeren rana haske, ƙarin haske don seedlings ya zama dole. Ga tumatir, yana da har zuwa awanni 18 a rana.
- Kwanaki biyu kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, yakamata a ciyar da su da kowane hadadden taki. Top miya zai taimaka da sauri daidaita zuwa sabon yanayi, muhimmanci ƙara tsira kudi na seedlings.
Tare da taurin mai kyau da kulawa mai kyau, tsire-tsire suna ba da ƙarfi, haɓakar bishiyoyin tumatir, wanda ke ba da tabbacin girbi mai kyau.
Nasihu masu Amfani
- Don seedlings, ya dace don amfani da gwangwani gwangwani daga – daga ƙarƙashin gwangwani gwangwani, masara. Buga ƙasa da ƙusa mai kauri. Barbs da aka samu daga ciki suna ba da iska ga tushen. Zuba magudanar ruwa a ƙasa (husk daga tsaba, shayi na barci), sannan ƙasa. Idan ƙasa ba ta cika ba har zuwa saman tulun, ana iya sanya tsiri na tsare (daga cakulan) tare da gefuna. Wannan zai inganta hasken seedlings.
- Yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa mai zuwa don girma seedlings: 1 guga na itacen oak ƙasa + 500 g yashi + 3 lita na humus + gilashi 1 tare da saman ash ash. Mix kome da kome, shirya a cikin kwalaye, bar a titi zafin jiki daskare. A lokacin da ya dace, kawo shi cikin dakin dumi, bar ƙasa ta dumi, za ku iya fara shuka iri.
- Tsiran da aka saya kuma suna buƙatar hardening. Yawancin kwanaki 3 sun isa. Sanya seedlings don wannan lokacin a ƙarƙashin inuwar yadin da aka saka ko tsaya reshe tare da ganye kusa da kowane. Seedlings ya kamata a rufe da dare.
- Don haskakawa, yi amfani da fitilu: quartz ko haske mai kyalli. Fitilolin wuta ba za su yi aiki ba. Suna haifar da zazzage saman saman matasa.
- Kada ka yi kokarin ajiye shuke-shuke shafi rot (black kafa). Za ku sami lokaci don samun sababbin seedlings daga tsaba na wani tsari. Dole ne a jefar da gurbataccen ƙasa kuma a maye gurbinsu da wata sabuwa. Kashe kwalaye.
- Tare da shuka mai kauri na iri, sprouts suna girma da rauni, tare da tsarin tushen da ba a haɓaka ba. Taurare da ciyarwa zai rage kaɗan a cikin wannan yanayin. A wannan yanayin, bai kamata ku yi fatan girbi mai kyau ba.
- Fara girma da hardening matasa tsire-tsire a gida kadan a baya fiye da a cikin greenhouses da greenhouses.
- Makonni uku na farko, ganyen sprouts suna girma a hankali, kusan ba tare da fahimta ba. Amma a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, haɓakar su yana ƙaruwa sosai.
- Mafi munin yanayin girma da ci gaban shukar tumatir shine matsanancin zafi, rashin haske, da ƙasa mai ɗanɗano.
Babu shakka cewa taurin da aka yi da kyau yana ba da garantin cikakken rayuwar seedlings a sabon wuri, yana haɓaka ci gaba da haɓaka shuke-shuke, kuma a sakamakon haka, girbi mai yawa na ‘ya’yan itace.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
