Ƙananan gadaje ko dasa tumatir bisa ga Mitlider: dokoki da fasali na fasaha

Dasa tumatir bisa ga hanyar Mitlider yana ba da albarkatu masu yawa daga ƙaramin yanki kuma yana tabbatar da saurin girma na tumatir. Marubucin wannan hanyar wani masanin kimiyar Amurka ne Jacob Mitlider (1918-2006), masani a fannin aikin gona da digirin digirgir a fannin aikin gona.

Hanyarsa na girma tumatir ya haɗu da fasahar hydroponic (nama akan abubuwan gina jiki, ba tare da ƙasa na halitta ba) tare da noman gargajiya. A Rasha, fasaha ya kasance sananne fiye da shekaru 25. Fasaha tana da magoya baya da masu zagi.

Asalin hanyar Mitlider

Fasaha ta dogara ne akan cikakken amfani da sarari, albarkatu da lokaci. Ana shuka tumatir da yawa, yana ba su ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka yawan aiki.

A cikin fasahar, akwai hanyoyi 2 na dasa shuki.

1. Shuka amfanin gona na kayan lambu a cikin kunkuntar gadaje. Ana amfani da shi don noman kayan lambu a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
2. Noma a cikin kwalaye-rigin cike da cakuda ƙasa na wucin gadi. Ana amfani dashi a cikin greenhouses da kuma a yankunan da ƙasa mara kyau. An yi akwatunan da girman sabani, amma zurfin ya kamata ya zama 20-25 cm. A kasan akwatin akwai ƙasa ta halitta, saman saman ya ƙunshi cakuda ƙasa mai laushi. Kwalaye don greenhouses yawanci ana yin su tare da ƙasa, kuma don buɗe ƙasa kawai tare da bangon gefe don tushen zai iya shiga cikin ƙasa ta halitta.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani da hanyar

Kamar kowace hanya, dasa tumatir bisa ga Mitlider yana da ribobi da fursunoni.

Amfanin dasa shuki a hanya ta 1 akan kunkuntar gadaje:

1. Ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana ba da tumatir tare da ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki, kamar a cikin hydroponics. Bambancin hanyar shine cewa tushen yana da damar yin amfani da ma’adanai a cikin ƙasa.
2. Amfani mai ma’ana na sarari, lokaci da albarkatun aiki. Ana rage farashin kayan don girma tumatir, yankin gadaje kadan ne, lokaci da ƙoƙarin sarrafa su suna raguwa sosai.
3. Daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki. Mitlider ya haɓaka daidaitaccen suturar sama wanda ya haɗa da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don tsire-tsire. An harhada abubuwan gauraya ne bisa shekaru 35 na gwaji da gwaji.
4. Kariya daga sanyi, iska da dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin yanayin gaggawa, gadaje kunkuntar suna da sauƙin rufewa ta hanyar gina matsugunan fim ko ƙananan gidaje.
5. Amfanin tattalin arziki na ruwa yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin shekarun bushewa. Ana ba da ruwa ga tushen tsarin kawai. Yankin ban ruwa ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da gadaje na gargajiya.

Amfanin drawa:

1. Yawan aiki bai dogara da ingancin ƙasa na gida ba, ana iya shigar da kwalaye akan kowane rukunin yanar gizon.
2. Yana buƙatar ƙaramin yanki.
3. Hanyar tana ba da daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki na tumatir, magudanar ruwa mai kyau da aeration na tushen.
4. Ƙasar da ke cikin akwatunan da ba su da zurfi suna dumi da sauri a cikin bazara a cikin rana, yana tsawaita lokacin girma.
5. Ƙasar da ke cikin kwalayen tana da sako-sako da kuma m, wanda ke ba da damar tushen tumatir, bayan ya wuce ta hanyar cakuda ƙasa na wucin gadi, don isa ga ƙasa na halitta.

Lalacewar hanyar:

1. Yankuna masu fadama, yashi da gangare ba su dace da amfani da kunkuntar fasahar tudu ba.
2. A cikin lambuna masu inuwa, ana rage yawan amfanin gona sau 3-4.
3. Samar da gadaje ya fi wuya fiye da yadda aka saba da hanyar girma tumatir.
4. Yana da wahala masu noman kayan lambu masu novice su tsara takin mai kyau yadda ya kamata, tunda sun haɗa da abubuwa da yawa.

Wane irin tumatir za a iya girma bisa ga Mitlider

Dasa tumatir bisa ga Mitlider ya dace don haɓaka ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun girma (tare da ƙayyadaddun girma) da nau’ikan marasa iyaka (tsawo).

An yi imani da al’ada cewa a cikin yanayi mai zafi, ƙananan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) girma a cikin ƙasa mai budewa da rufewa, kuma masu tsayi kawai a cikin greenhouses.

Koyaya, masu shayarwa sun ƙirƙiri da yawa na zamani farkon balagagge iri iri waɗanda ba su da iyaka waɗanda ke girma da kyau a buɗe gadaje. Sabili da haka, duka hanyoyin 1 da 2 sun dace da girma marasa girma da tsayi bushes.

Zaɓin wuri don girma

Don ƙirƙirar gadaje kunkuntar, zaɓi wuri mai faɗi daidai tare da haske mai kyau. Yankin lambun na iya zama ƙanana, kusan kadada 1,5.

Ana buƙatar samun ruwa na dindindin, wanda za a yi amfani da shi don ban ruwa.

Lokacin girma tumatir a cikin kwalaye a cikin filin bude, buƙatun ba su da ƙarfi. Za a iya sanya gado ko da a kan gangara, tun da a baya ya daidaita dandamali a ƙarƙashinsa.

Samuwar gadaje

Shirye-shiryen shafin ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa.

1. Kafin a fara samar da gadaje, an daidaita wurin, an cire tarkace da tarkace.
2. Ana ƙara garin Dolomite zuwa ƙasa acidic. Ana ƙara gypsum zuwa ƙasa alkaline.
3. Samar da kwararar ruwa mai kyau. Don yin wannan, an cire saman saman ƙasa, an sanya 20-30 cm na haushi da sawdust, sa’an nan kuma an mayar da Layer mai laushi zuwa wurinsa. A cikin ƙasa mai zurfi, an ɗaga ƙasa ta 20-25 cm.
4. An tsara layuka sosai daga arewa zuwa kudu.
5. An kafa gadaje a daidai matakin tare da aisles, ba mafi girma ba kuma ba ƙasa ba.

Tsarin kunkuntar ƙuƙuka

A cewar Mitlider, kunkuntar gadaje suna da faɗin 45 cm kuma tsayin mita 9 (ana iya canza tsayi). A gefen gadaje tare da dogon gefe, an zubar da sassan ƙasa tare da tsawo da nisa na 10 cm. Nisa na ɓangaren ciki na gado tsakanin bangarorin ya kamata ya zama 30-35 cm. Har ila yau, yana da kyawawa don yin bangarori daga iyakar. An daidaita saman da ke ciki a hankali.

Tare da wannan samuwar, ruwa baya gudana a cikin magudanar ruwa kuma ana amfani da shi sosai.

Nisa tsakanin gadaje shine 105 cm. Wannan wajibi ne don kyakkyawan haske na shuke-shuke da isasshen sarari don ci gaban su. A cikin ƙananan yankuna, ana iya rage tazarar jeri zuwa 75 cm lokacin dasa shuki iri tare da ƙananan bushes.

Hadi ta amfani da hanyar Mitlider

Masanin kimiyyar ya ƙirƙira abubuwa guda 2 don takin gadaje da ciyar da amfanin gona a lokacin girma.

1. Ana amfani da Mix No. 1 azaman takin da aka girka. Abubuwan da ke cikin cakuda na farko: nitrophoska (450 g), lemun tsami, alli ko dolomite (900 g), borax (15 g).
2. Mix No. 2 ana amfani da kafin dasa shuki da kuma na yau da kullum saman miya na amfanin gona.

Akwai nau’ikan wannan taki guda 2.

• Zabin 1. Urea ko carbamide (1 kg), ammophos (600 g), sulfate ko calcium chloride (1 kg), magnesium sulfate ko gishiri mai ɗaci (450 g), lemun tsami ko dolomite (400 g), boron da molybdenum (10 kowanne). G).
• Zaɓin 2. Ammonium nitrate (675g), calcium sulfate ko chloride, lemun tsami da magnesium (450 g kowanne), nitrophoska (2,7 kg), borax da molybdenum (10 g kowanne).

Kafin shuka tsire-tsire, ana takin gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin gaurayawan, dangane da irin ƙasa.

Bayan takin, an haƙa saman har zuwa zurfin 15-20 cm.

Kwalaye-ridges, kafin dasa tumatir a cikinsu, suna cike da yashi, sawdust, perlite, sphagnum moss, pine haushi ko wasu kayan da aka inganta. Yi amfani da sassa 3-4 a lokaci guda. 2/3 na cakuda No. 1 da 1/3 na cakuda No. 2 ana kara su a cikin akwatin. Ana zuba abin da ke ciki sosai kuma a gauraya sosai. Sannan darajar.

Shuka tsaba tumatir

1. Don shuka zaɓi manyan tsaba masu ƙarfi ba tare da dige baƙar fata ba. Ana yin dasa shuki a cikin kwalaye da aka cika da ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki maras kyau.
2. Ana ƙara cokali 2 na lemun tsami da 15 g na takin potash da phosphate a cikin ƙasa.
3. Ana shayar da ƙasa a hankali don kada ɓawon burodi ya yi.
4. Ana dasa tsaba a cikin layuka aƙalla 5-7 cm baya zuwa zurfin 1-1.5 cm, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa a hankali kuma a sake shayar da shi.
5. Akwatin an rufe shi da burla ko gauze don riƙe zafi da danshi.
6. Da zaran tsiron farko ya yi ƙyanƙyashe, za a cire ɓangarorin kuma a matsar da akwati zuwa wuri mai faɗin rana.
7. Kafin dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin, ana shayar da tsire-tsire daga tukunyar ruwa tare da raunin rauni na taki No. 2 (25 g na taki yana diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa).

Lokacin dasa tsaba a cikin yanayi mai dumi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, ana yin rami mara zurfi tare da ɗayan bangarorin, tsakiyar gadon yana barin kyauta. Ana shuka iri daban-daban a nesa na 20 cm daga juna.

Dasa shuki

Ana dasa tsire-tsire na tumatir a wuri na dindindin lokacin da suke girma 15-30 cm tsayi (dangane da iri-iri). Ana sanya sprouts tare da gefe ɗaya a cikin layuka a nesa na 20 cm daga juna. Ana dasa bushes a cikin ramuka tare da babban ɗigon ƙasa, yana zurfafa tsire-tsire ta yadda aƙalla rabin kara ya kasance a saman.

Kafin dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin, ana shayar da sprouts sosai. Don samun rayuwa mafi kyau a sabon wuri, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da takin nitrogen da aka narkar da cikin ruwa. Don kada tsire-tsire masu tsayi ba su ɓoye ƙananan ƙananan ba, an sanya su a gefen arewacin lambun, suna ba wa ƙananan tsire-tsire haske.

A cikin bidiyon, mai lambu ya faɗi yadda ake shuka tumatir ta amfani da hanyar Mitlider girma a cikin greenhouse.

Matakai don kula da tumatir

1. Watering ya kamata ya zama na yau da kullun don ƙasa a cikin lambun ta kasance rigar koyaushe.
2. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a tushen kawai, saboda lokacin shayarwa ta hanyar yayyafa, ciyawa da yawa suna girma.
3. Ana aiwatar da garter lokacin da bushes ɗin ya kai tsayin 40 cm.

An shimfiɗa layukan kamun kifi 2 tare da gadaje a gefe, waɗanda kowace shuka ke ɗaure da igiya guda ɗaya a cikin tsarin allo. Tumatir na farko zuwa layin dama, kusa da layin hagu. Don haka bushes za su fi haske. Ƙarshen ƙarshen igiya yana ɗaure zuwa tushe kusa da ƙasa tare da ƙulli don haka madauki kyauta ya kasance.

A cikin ci gaba da girma, kara zai iya girma, yana da mahimmanci cewa kumburi ba ya tsoma baki tare da girma. An nannade daji a kusa da igiya, kuma idan shuka ya isa waya, sai a danne saman.

4. Don hana tsire-tsire daga inuwa, ana yanke wasu ganyen.

Da farko, kawar da ƙananan ganye da wani ɓangare na rassan gefen. A cikin nau’ikan tsayi, ana cire harbe-harbe, suna samar da bushes a cikin tushe 1. A cikin ƙananan nau’ikan, ana barin harbe yawanci.

5. An yi watsi da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da nitrates gaba ɗaya.

Shayarwa na yau da kullun, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki da tsarin yanayin photosynthesis yana ba da damar tumatir don sarrafa tsarin rayuwa da kansa a cikin yanayin yanayin.

6. Ana ciyar da seedlings sau 6-8 a kowace kakar tare da taki No. 2, diluted cikin ruwa.
7. Lokacin da cututtuka suka kamu da tumatir, ana cire ganye da ‘ya’yan itatuwa marasa lafiya don hana yaduwar cutar.

Don rigakafin cututtukan fungal, tare da farkon sanyi dare, ana bi da su tare da foundationazole, ridomil ko Bordeaux ruwa. Ba za a iya aiwatar da aiwatarwa a lokacin lokacin fruiting ba.

Kammalawa

Jacob Mitlider ya kirkiro nasa hanyar don kada mutane a kasashe daban-daban su fuskanci yunwa. Ya gaskata cewa za ku iya samun girbi mai kyau a duk inda akwai ruwa, ƙasa da rana. Ya nuna abubuwan da suka faru na farko a Ostiraliya. Ya zauna a Rasha na tsawon shekaru 7, yana shirya wata cibiyar horarwa inda ake horar da duk wanda yake son sanin fasaharsa. Dasa tumatur da sauran kayan lambu a cewar Mitlider hanya ce ta tattalin arziki, mai inganci, mai dacewa da kuma saukin noman kayan lambu wanda ya kawo fa’ida da yawa ga mutane, kuma a wasu kasashe ma yana taimakawa wajen gujewa yunwa.