Yadda za a dasa beets a cikin bazara a cikin bude ƙasa kuma don seedlings?

Yaya dasa gwoza a cikin bazara? Don amsa wannan tambayar, kuna buƙatar ƙarin koyo game da mafi kyawun lokaci da hanyoyin dasa shuki. Za ku koyi game da wannan, da kuma game da shirye-shiryen shuka da ka’idojin kula da tsire-tsire, yayin karanta wannan labarin.

Lokacin bazara dasa shuki na beets a yankuna daban-daban na Rasha

Halin yanayin yanayi da zafin jiki na ƙasa yana rinjayar haɓakar amfanin gona, wanda bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri +6 ba.

Don haka, akwai firam don latitudes daban-daban:

• Kudu Ana iya fara aiki a farkon Afrilu.
• Hanyar tsakiya. Zai fi kyau a jira har zuwa rabi na biyu na Afrilu-farkon Mayu.
• Arewa Beets da wuya fara shuka kafin tsakiyar watan Mayu.

Menene mahimmancin la’akari lokacin zabar iri-iri don dasa shuki?

Ana biyan kulawa ta musamman ga lokacin maturation:

• Tushen farko. An girbe amfanin gona kwanaki 50-80 bayan germination.
• Tsakanin kakar. Ana samar da ‘ya’yan itatuwa a cikin kwanaki 80-100.
• Late Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 100 ko fiye don kayan lambu suyi girma.

Sauran sigogi:

• Siffar Yana da zagaye, elongated, cylindrical, flattened.
• Manufar Ana amfani da beets tebur kawai don abinci. Ana noman abinci ga dabbobi. Don samun sukari, ana shuka tushen amfanin gona iri ɗaya.

Ayyukan shuka kafin shuka

Shiri mai kyau don dasa beets shine mabuɗin girbi mai kyau. An bayyana manyan nau’ikan aikin da za a yi a ƙasa.

Zaɓin Yanar Gizo

Dole ne ya cika sharuddan:

• Ƙasa. Sako, mai gina jiki, tare da tsaka tsaki matakin acidity. Ka guji wuraren da ruwan ƙasa ke kusa da saman.
• Wuri. Da kyau a yini. Kada ku sanya gado a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi. Dole ne a sami tushen danshi a kusa. Idan wurin yana da fadama, ana tura amfanin gona zuwa tudu.
• A duk-rounder. Magabata masu dacewa sune albasa, tafarnuwa, dankali. Seeding bayan beets, tumatir, karas yana nuna mummunan tasiri.
• Unguwa. Dasa kusa da gadaje na karas, radishes, cucumbers.

sarrafa iri

Ana gudanar da abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Tsara Cire komai da kanana. Ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da sandar wuta, wanda zai ja hankalin tsaba marasa lahani ga kanta. Wani zabin shine tsoma a cikin gilashin ruwa kuma cire abubuwan da ke fitowa.
• Jiƙa Sanya kayan a cikin ruwa a zazzabi na kimanin digiri 30-35. Kuna iya ƙara haɓakar haɓakawa. Alal misali, Mix 1 tbsp. l. itace ash tare da 1 lita na ruwa. Jira kwana 1. Don sauƙaƙe hakar, kafin a nannade tsaba a cikin kyalle mai haske.
• Germination. Kunsa tsaba tare da Layer na gauze damp kuma sanya a cikin akwati tare da sawdust. Rufe da gilashi. Ka guji bushewar masana’anta kuma kiyaye zafin jiki tsakanin digiri 20-22. Jira kwanaki 4-6. Wannan hanya tana ba ku damar haɓaka germination na tsaba kuma cire tsaba mara amfani a gaba. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da napkins ko auduga.

Har ila yau, ana iya aiwatar da wadannan ayyuka:

• Taurare. Yana taimakawa wajen sanya tsaba su zama masu juriya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi. Kunna su a cikin zane kuma sanya a cikin injin daskarewa na minti 30. Dole ne kayan iri ya bushe.
• Kamuwa da cuta. Shirya wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate kuma tsoma tsaba a ciki don 1-2 hours.

Idan an sayi kayan a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki, to baya buƙatar ƙarin aiki.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa a cikin kaka da bazara

Kafin lokacin sanyi, ana tono wurin kuma a haɗe shi.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da suturar saman ya dogara da nau’in ƙasa:

• Clay Yi amfani da ruɓaɓɓen sawdust, humus ko peat.
• Mai tsami. Ƙara garin dolomite ko ash na itace.
• Loamy Ga kowane sq m rarraba 300 g na takin potash.

A cikin bazara, aikin shine kamar haka:

• Tsaftacewa. Cire tarkace da ciyawa daga wurin.
• Yin tona. An sassauta ƙasa kuma an daidaita shi.
• Babban sutura. Aiwatar da takin mai magani bisa nitrogen.

Shuka tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa

Umarni:

• yin amfani da chopper ko shebur, yin tsagi har zuwa zurfin 3 cm;
• shayar da ƙasa da kyau tare da ruwan dumi, jira har sai ruwan ya sha;
• yada tsaba a nesa na 4-10 cm daga juna, dangane da girman amfanin gona na gaba;
• yayyafa da ƙasa, tamp kadan;
• ruwa kuma;
• ciyawa tare da sawdust ko peat.

Akwai manyan hanyoyin shuka guda 4, waɗanda bambance-bambancen su ke cikin tsarin layuka:

• Karamin harafi. Ana sanya tsagi a daidai nisa daga juna. Kimanin 20-25 cm.
• Tef An rage raguwa tsakanin ramuka, amma a lokaci guda suna barin manyan hanyoyi – kimanin 50 cm.
• Layukan da aka gama. Kuna iya siyan tef na musamman wanda akan sanya tsaba gwoza a mafi kyawun nisa. Sai kawai a zurfafa su cikin ƙasa kuma a shayar da su da kyau.
• Shigar haɗin gwiwa. Layukan beets na iya canzawa tare da sauran amfanin gona – wake, letas, wake. Babban abu shine kula da dacewa da kulawa.

Kuna iya koyo game da ingantaccen shiri na iri da dasa shuki tsaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe yayin kallon bidiyon da ke ƙasa:

Dasa beets ta hanyar seedling

Wannan zaɓi ya fi dacewa da mazauna yankunan arewa. Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi ga waɗanda ke son girbi makonni 2-3 a baya.

Na gaba, game da manyan fasalulluka na hanyar.

Seeding akan seedlings

Abin da kuke buƙata don wannan:

• Farko. Saya shirye-shiryen da aka yi a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki na musamman ko yi da kanku. Don yin wannan, haɗa kashi 1 na humus da ƙasa lambu, ƙara 2 sassa na peat da yashi 0.5. Ga kowane kilogiram 5 na cakuda ƙara 100 g na ash.
• Iyawa. Ana ba da izinin girma a cikin kwantena masu haɗaka ko sel daban.

Ana iya amfani da tiren kwai don raba amfanin gona. Ana yin ramuka a cikinsu, a cikin kowannensu an sanya iri 1.

Matakan sune kamar haka:

• cika akwati da ƙasa, tamp da kyau;
• ta yin amfani da tweezers, yada tsaba a nesa na 3-4 cm;
• rufe tare da Layer na ƙasa game da 1 cm lokacin farin ciki;
• zuba;
• rufe da gilashin m;
• saka silar taga mai haske.

Kula da seedlings

Ka’idoji na asali:

• Zazzabi. Kafin germination – 16-18 digiri. Bayan – rage zuwa 14-16.
• Zaɓi Ana aiwatar da shi tare da tsiri amfanin gona a mataki na ganyen cotyledon.
• Babban sutura. Ana aiwatar da shi kowane mako 2 ta amfani da shirye-shiryen da aka saya a kantin sayar da kayayyaki.
• Ruwa. Ana buƙata yayin da ƙasa ta bushe.

Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe

Ana dasa tsire-tsire lokacin da suke da ganye na gaske 3-4. Yanayin zafin ƙasa da ake so yana da kusan digiri 10. Yanayin da ya dace shi ne ɗigon haske ta yadda ƙasa da iska su sami isasshen ruwa.

Ta yaya hakan ke faruwa:

• yi ramuka tare da tsawon tushen;
• tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a nesa na kusan 5-10 cm daga juna;
• idan yanayi ya bushe, shayar da tsiron da kyau;
• rufe tare da masana’anta da ba a saka ba don kwanaki 2-3 don kare seedlings.

Don mafi kyawun girma kafin dasa shuki, tushen tsakiya yana raguwa da kashi uku.

Spring kula da dasa beets

Kuna buƙatar kula da amfanin gona yadda ya kamata don samun girbi mai yawa.

Bakin ciki

Irin wannan hanya yana da mahimmanci ko da a lokuta inda aka lura da mafi kyawun nisa tsakanin tsaba. Ana cire tsire-tsire masu rauni da ƙanana. Kafin cire tsire-tsire, ƙasa tana da ɗanɗano don sauƙin hakar.

Ana aiwatar da shi sau da yawa:

• Mataki na 2 ganye na gaskiya. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya zama 2-3 cm.
• Mataki na 4 ya fita. Tsawon lokacin yana ƙaruwa zuwa 4-6 cm.
• Daure tushen amfanin gona. Bar game da 10-15 cm.

Ruwa

Bayanan asali:

• Yawanci. Bayan germination, beets suna buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai don tsire-tsire su sami tushe mafi kyau. Sannan ana rage mitar zuwa sau 1-2 a mako. A cikin zafi, kuna buƙatar ƙara yawan ruwa – sau 3-4 a mako.
• Hanya. Tushen amfanin gona ya fi yarda da yayyafawa, amma ban ruwa na hannu ko drip yana yiwuwa.
• Ruwa. Yakamata a daidaita, zafin jiki.
• Adadin Tsire-tsire masu girma suna buƙatar kimanin lita 10-15 a kowace murabba’in 1. Shigar da ruwa a cikin ƙasa yawanci shine 15-20 cm.

Ana dakatar da shayarwa kwanaki 20-30 kafin girbi don tushen amfanin gona ya tara sukari.

Sarrafa sako, sassautawa

Kuna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa a kusa da beets akai-akai bayan kowace shayarwa, in ba haka ba ɓawon burodi na iya haifar da zai tsoma baki tare da haɓaka aiki. Yayin da sprouts suna kanana, yi amfani da tsohon cokali mai yatsa. Yawancin lokaci, tare da sassautawa, an cire ƙasa daga weeds. Yin fesa da kananzir zai taimaka wajen rage buƙatar hanya. Yana buƙatar 100 ml a kowace murabba’in 1.

Ciyarwa

Ana gudanar sau 2 a kowace kakar:

1. Mataki na 4 zanen gado. Ana yin shi ne bayan dasawa cikin ƙasa. Yi amfani da 1 kg na mullein a kowace lita 10 na ruwa. Nace kwana 10. Sannan a tsoma wani lita 10 na ruwa.
2. Bayan wata daya. Aiwatar 1 tbsp. l chloride da superphosphate gauraye da 1 guga na ruwa. Wannan adadin ya isa murabba’in 1. m.

Kwari da kula da cututtuka

Don beets barazana ne:

• Phomosis. Ana amfani da maganin Boron. Yi 3 g a kowace lita 10 na ruwa.
• Tabo. Ana ciyar da abinci ta amfani da potassium chloride.
• Downy mildew. Ana jiƙa iri a cikin shirye-shiryen Apron.

Daga parasites, fesa albasa, tafarnuwa, infusions ash yana taimakawa.

Sauran fasalulluka na shuka da girma

Gogaggen lambu suna bin waɗannan shawarwari:

• Mai da hankali kan wata. Ana ɗaukar raguwa shine mafi kyawun lokacin saukowa. Amma a cikakken wata, tushen amfanin gona ba sa samun tushe, suna girma da talauci kuma suna ba da ƙaramin girbi.
• Ka guji cunkoson amfanin gona. Kayan lambu da ke kusa da juna za su yi girma kuma suna raguwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin danshi da abubuwan gina jiki. Idan kuna son samun manyan beets, kiyaye tazara na aƙalla 10-15 cm.
• Tsafta. Ya kamata wurin ya kasance ba shi da tarkace da ciyawa waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga ci gaban amfanin gona na yau da kullun. Har ila yau, ciyawa yana jawo ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ga amfanin gona ba.
• Kariya. Beets suna da zafi sosai, don haka ya kamata a shuka su a yanayin zafin iska na kusan digiri 20.
• masauki. Tushen amfanin gona ya fi girma a gefen gadaje.

Lokacin dasa gwoza ya dogara da yanki da yanayin yanayi. A cikin duka, akwai hanyoyi guda 2 na dasa shuki – seedlings da tsaba, kowannensu yana da nasa amfanin. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, kuna buƙatar bin ka’idodin shuka da girma, yi amfani da shawarar kwararrun lambu.