Common cututtuka da kuma karin kwari na beets

Noman gwoza yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi, amma ko da kiyaye shi mara kyau baya bada garantin rashin cututtuka da hare-haren kwari. Sanin abin da maƙiyan gwoza yana da, iya gane su da kuma gano su, za ku iya hana yaduwar su da sauri kuma ku ajiye amfanin gona.

Babban cututtuka na beets

Beet shine tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi tare da babban rigakafi, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau da keta fasahar aikin gona, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi na iya shafar su. Cututtuka da yawa suna rage ingancin amfanin gona kuma suna haifar da asara bayan dasa tushen amfanin gona don ajiya.

ruwan hoda mučnistaâ

Wannan cuta ce ta fungal da ke bayyana a cikin rabin na biyu na lokacin rani. Daya daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi yawa kuma masu haɗari waɗanda ke shafar amfanin gona iri-iri. Babban dalilin bayyanar powdery mildew shine babban zafi da yanayin zafi.

Alamomi:

• A mataki na farko, an rufe ganye da ƙananan fararen fata.
• Sa’an nan kuma aibobi suna karuwa, sannu a hankali suna yada cikin ganye, sa’an nan kuma tare da mai tushe da harbe. Da alama an shayar da ɓangaren ƙasa na sama da lemun tsami.
• A hankali plaque na cobweb ya zama mai yawa da foda.
• Itacen yana raunana kuma ya mutu a hankali.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• spraying tare da colloidal sulfur – 20 g da guga na ruwa;
• sarrafa fungicides – Topazom, Quadrisom, Fundazolom.

Rigakafi daidai ne – yarda da fasahar noma, jujjuya amfanin gona, lalata tsaba, kawar da ragowar shuka da tono zurfin kaka.

Fomoz

Cutar fungal da ke shafar ganye da tushen. Kuna iya gane cutar ta yanayin ganye. Idan ba a kula da su ba, saman ya bushe gaba daya. Cutar ba ta bace ko da bayan girbi, kuma tana bayyana kanta bayan shimfida amfanin gona na tushen don ajiya. Ya bayyana tare da rashi na boron.

Alamomi:

• Manya-manyan tabo masu tattarawa suna bayyana a saman, rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa.
• An rufe kyallen da abin ya shafa da ƙananan ɗigo baƙar fata. Daga baya sun rufe tsaba gwoza.
• A kan ƙaddamar da tushen – abin da aka shafa baƙar fata. A cikinsu – voids tare da fararen fata na naman gwari. Daga baya, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗu da phomosis, kuma plaque ya zama baki, ruwan hoda, kore. Irin wannan tushen amfanin gona bai kamata a dasa a kan tsaba ba – bayan dasa shuki sun mutu.

Spotting kusan ba shi da wani tasiri a kan girman tushen amfanin gona – an girbe girbi mai kyau. Amma bayan girbi, da beets fara deteriorate.

Yadda ake fada:

• cirewa da lalata samfurori marasa lafiya;
• spraying tare da ruwa Bordeaux;
• jiyya tare da Fundazol, Benazol, Title 390 da sauran hanyoyi na musamman;
• nan da nan bayan fesa – weeding da thinning na gadaje, da kuma gabatar da taki mai dauke da boron, misali, “Ultramag Bor”.

Takamaiman matakan kariya na phomosis shine gabatar da shirye-shiryen boron da adana kayan amfanin gona mai lafiya kawai.

Kagatnaya rot

Cutar cututtukan beets, wanda fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta ke shafar su a lokacin ajiya, ana kiran su clamp rot. Pathology yana haifar da asarar yawancin amfanin gona. Alamun cutar sun riga sun bayyana a farkon kaka. Wani nau’in kore mai launin kore ya fara bayyana akan beets, wanda ke yin duhu a kan lokaci, kuma tushen amfanin gona ya lalace gaba daya.

Dalilan Pathology:

• cin zarafin fasahar noma;
• karancin abinci mai gina jiki.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• aikace-aikacen da aka dace na saman sutura;
• namo na resistant iri;
• zaɓin mafi kyawun lokacin girbi;
• aza tushen amfanin gona don ajiya ba tare da bata lokaci ba;
• ƙin yarda da lalacewa ko daskararre amfanin gona na tushen;
• fesa tushen amfanin gona tare da lemun tsami – kafin kwanciya a cikin cellar.

Tsatsa

Wannan cututtukan fungal ana kiransa gona ɗaya, saboda yana shafar beets na musamman. Saboda tsatsa, duk sashin iska yana mutuwa, yawan amfanin ƙasa da abun ciki na sukari a cikin amfanin gona na raguwa. Dalilin cutar na iya zama rashin phosphorus da potassium.

Alamomi:

• A cikin bazara, ɗigo baƙar fata suna bayyana a ƙananan ɓangaren ganye. A gefen baya akwai orange spots-matashin kai.
• A lokacin rani, launin ruwan kasa kura kura yana girma akan ganye. A wannan lokacin, taro kamuwa da cuta na gwoza gadaje fara.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• Fesa da sinadarai (Abacus ko Alto super).
• Cire samfuran marasa lafiya da lalata duk abubuwan da ke kamuwa da cuta.
• A kan lokaci aikace-aikace na phosphorus-potassium takin mai magani.

gama gari scab

Cutar fungal da ke shafar tushen amfanin gona. Yawancin lokaci scab yana faruwa a cikin beets da ke girma akan ƙasa mai nauyi tare da yanayin alkaline (pH 7-8). Fungi ba sa iya sarrafa fiber, saboda haka, suna bazuwa ne kawai a saman tushen amfanin gona, ba tare da shiga tsakiyarsu ba.

Dalilan scab gama gari:

• rashin ruɓaɓɓen taki;
• ƙasa liming.

Alamomi:

• Wuraren da aka rufe da scab suna bayyana akan tushen amfanin gona. Suna yin ɓawon burodi mai duhu.
• A cikin yanki na wuyansa na tushen amfanin gona – zobe intercepts.
• Tsire-tsire suna raguwa.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• Maganin fungicides (Chistotsvet, Diskor, da dai sauransu).
• Fesa tare da jan karfe oxychloride da Kartacid.

Hanyoyi na al’ada na rigakafi – fesa shuka tare da maganin ash ko sabulu, ba su da iko akan scab.

Rhizomania

Wannan kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta haifar da necrotic yellowing na veins. Masu dauke da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta ce mai kwayar halitta guda daya wadanda ke aiki musamman a lokacin zafi da danshi.

Alamomi:

• faranti na takarda sun rasa elasticity da luster;
• girma yana raguwa;
• ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari sun zama ƙanana, ƙananan ɓangaren su yana raguwa, kuma ciki na tushen amfanin gona yana taurare.

Ya faru cewa cutar ta wuce ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba, ana iya gane kasancewarsa ta hanyar ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma irin ‘ya’yan itace – suna da “gemu”.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• Don fesa amfani da Fundazol, Benazol ko Rovral;
• ana amfani da takin mai dauke da boron akan lokaci.

Jaundice

Cutar kwayar cuta wacce ke bayyana a matakin kunna aphid. Cutar na iya rage yawan amfanin gona da kashi 30-60%. Hanya mafi kyau don yaki shine rigakafi.

Alamomi:

• yellowing na ƙananan ganye da na tsakiya, da farko saman sun juya rawaya, sannan gefuna;
• ganyen matasa sun kasance kore na dogon lokaci, amma ana lura cewa veins suna samun bayyanar necrotic;
• ganyen da aka shafa sun fi masu lafiya gajarta, su rasa santsi kuma su zama tsinke.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• Lalacewar aphids ta hanyar magani akan lokaci tare da maganin kwari. Idan aphid ya bayyana, to ana sarrafa gefuna na shuka tare da kewaye. Idan fiye da kashi 5% na shuka sun kamu da cutar, to duk gadaje ana fesa su.
• Ana fitar da samfuran da abin ya shafa a kona su.
• Ana kula da shuka tare da fungicides, misali, Phosphamide.

Downy mildew (ƙasa mildew)

Wannan fungal cuta musamman sau da yawa rinjayar gwoza gadaje a high zafi. Naman gwari yana shafar mafi yawan saman. Ya bayyana a watan Mayu-Yuni. Yana ɓacewa lokacin da zafi ya fara, kuma a cikin fall, idan ya yi sanyi, ya sake dawowa.

Dalilan:

• kamuwa da cuta daga tsire-tsire masu cututtuka, condia suna ɗaukar iska;
• rashin potassium da phosphorus.

Alamomi:

• wani fure mai launin shuɗi yana bayyana akan ganyen, sannan aibobi masu launin rawaya waɗanda ke bazuwa da sauri kan farantin ganye;
• ganye sun lalace, sun yi kauri kuma suna mutuwa da sauri;
• a gefen baya na ganye – launin toka mai launin toka-purple dauke da spores na naman gwari.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• fesa shuka tare da Apron, Amistar, Acrobat – ana amfani da su duka don magani da rigakafin;
• a farkon bayyanar cututtuka – fesa tare da ruwa Bordeaux 1%;
• dasa nau’ikan da ke da tsayayya ga mildew downy, da zaɓar kayan shuka masu inganci.

Ciwon daji na kwayoyin cuta

Wannan ba cuta ba ce ta musamman da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da su. Cutar na iya cutar da ingancin amfanin gona mai mahimmanci.

Dalilan:

• rarraba ta hanyar kwari da ke yin sassa a cikin tushen amfanin gona;
• babban zafi da zafin jiki.

Alamomi:

• a kan tushen abin wuya – ciyayi mai laushi wanda zai iya wuce girman tushen kanta;
• a kan ganye – ciwace-ciwacen daji.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• dasa nau’ikan masu tsayayya da ciwon daji na kwayan cuta;
• Fitoflavin, Fitoverm, Fitoplasmin.

Baƙar ƙafa

Wannan cuta tana shafar amfanin gona da yawa, musamman a matakin seedling. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka sune fungi da microorganisms da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa. Yawanci ana shafar samfurori marasa ƙarfi.

Yana tsokanar baƙar ƙafa:

• ƙãra zafi da ruwa na ƙasa;
• m seeding zurfin;
• kasa mai nauyi;
• rashin ingancin pre-shuka magani na wurin da rashin isasshen hadi;
• amfani da gurɓataccen abu;

Alamomi:

• Tushen seedling rot ya yi duhu;
• tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa sun mutu, raguwa ya bayyana a cikin layukansu, kuma sauran tsire-tsire suna rage girman girma;
• leaf wilting.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• a matakin farko – fesa tare da Fitosporin, Baktofit ko sauran magungunan kashe qwari;
• Har ila yau a farkon cutar, ƙura da toka yana taimakawa;
• shayar da seedlings tare da bayani na soda (ɗauka 1 tsp na soda don gilashin ruwa);
• maganin iri a cikin maganin Epin.

Musa

Cutar kwayar cuta wacce ke haifar da asarar yawan amfanin ƙasa da lalacewar ɗanɗanon ‘ya’yan itace. Kwayoyin cuta suna dauke da kwari – aphids, kwari, cicadas. Cutar tana shafar ba kawai beets ba, har ma da kabeji, wake, da weeds.

Alamomi:

• tsarin mosaic yana bayyana akan ganye;
• faranti na ganye suna lalacewa kuma suna shuɗe bayan lokaci;
• tushen amfanin gona ya rasa abun ciki na sukari.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• ciyawa akan lokaci;
• rabuwa da shuka don samun tushen amfanin gona da kayan iri.

Har zuwa yau, babu ingantattun hanyoyin magance mosaics.

Grey mold

Cutar fungal. Yana rinjayar amfanin gona iri-iri, wanda aka samo akan karas, tumatir, radish, kabeji. Ana kuma kiran cutar botrythiosis. Yana tasowa duka a lokacin girma kakar da kuma bayan kwanciya beets domin ajiya. Bayyanar launin toka mai launin toka a cikin ajiya yana haifar da ƙara yawan zafin jiki da zafi. Babu alamun cuta a sashin iska.

Alamomi:

• launin ruwan kasa zagaye spots a kan tushen amfanin gona;
• wuraren da abin ya shafa an rufe su da launin toka-kore;
• tushen amfanin gona ya yi laushi, kuma saman ya zama maras ban sha’awa.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• fesa ƙasa tare da Gliocladin;
• share wurin sharan gonakin shuka.

Mafi sau da yawa, launin toka rot yana rinjayar sanyi, busasshen amfanin gona na tushen ko waɗanda aka tattara a makare.

wutsiya rot

Tushen ruɓe yana farawa daga ƙarshe. Da farko, “wutsiya” ta rube, sa’an nan kuma cutar ta yada zuwa dukan tushen amfanin gona. Causative jamiái na wutsiya rot su ne daban-daban microorganisms da fungi.

Abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da cutar:

• kasa mai nauyi;
• babban zafi;
• samuwar ɓawon burodi a ƙasa;
• yanayin zafi;
• wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa;
• lalacewar inji ga tushen amfanin gona a lokacin sassautawa da weeding;
• kwari kwari.

Alamomi:

• ganyaye, na farko na kanana, sannan na sama, su yi haske, su bushe su mutu;
• Tushen su rube kuma tsiron ya mutu.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• daidai adadin sutura;
• halakar kwari a kan lokaci;
• sosai warware tushen amfanin gona kafin kwanciya a ajiya.

Jajayen rube

Sauran sunaye na jajayen rot sune cututtukan ji da rhizoctoniosis. Wannan cuta kuma yana da haɗari ga karas, swedes, radishes da sauran kayan lambu tare da tushen amfanin gona. Cutar ta bayyana a cikin matsanancin zafi da yanayin zafi. Yawanci, ana ƙirƙira irin waɗannan yanayi a cikin ciyayi masu ƙazanta, dausayi da ciyayi mai dausayi.

Alamomi:

• saman tushen amfanin gona – duk ko sassa daban-daban, an rufe shi da aibobi masu launin toka, wanda ake ganin mycelium na launin ja-violet;
• ƙananan sclerotia baki suna samuwa akan tushen amfanin gona;
• kyallen da abin ya shafa sun zama taushi kuma tushen amfanin gona ya rube;
• tare da kamuwa da cuta mai ƙarfi, ganye ya bushe a lokacin girma.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• maganin fungicides, misali, Gamair;
• amfani da zaba tsaba.

Magungunan jama’a game da ɓarkewar ja ba su da ƙarfi.

Farar rube

Ana kuma kiran cutar sclerotinia. Maganin haddasawa shine naman gwari wanda sau da yawa yakan shafi beets, karas da sauran kayan lambu. Cutar tana tasowa bayan kwanciya a cikin ajiya kuma tana haifar da asarar amfanin gona.

Alamomi:

• wuraren da aka shafa na tushen amfanin gona an rufe su da sutura mai laushi da laushi;
• wuraren marasa lafiya sun taurare, farare, sannan baƙar tubercles suna bayyana a kansu, suna fitar da ruwa;
• tushen amfanin gona ya zama mai laushi kuma ya lalace gaba ɗaya.

Matakan sarrafawa:

• rigakafin – yarda da jujjuya amfanin gona, disinfection na tsaba, disinfection na wurin da ajiya;
• fesa tare da fungicides – Amur, Absolut, Alfa-Standard.

Fusarium rot

Cutar tana ci gaba a farkon lokacin rani. Shigar da ƙwayoyin cuta yana faruwa ta hanyar tushen, raunana da tsire-tsire masu lalacewa suna shafar farko. Tushen kamuwa da cuta na iya zama ƙasa ko tarkacen shuka. Kwayoyin cuta suna ninka da yawa a cikin yanayin zafi.

Alamomi:

• petioles na ganye sun juya baƙar fata, saman suna shuɗe tare da lokaci;
• tushen sannu…