Asirin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki na beets

Idan ba tare da suturar saman ba, ba shi yiwuwa a sami girbin gwoza mai kyau. Ba wai kawai yawan amfanin gona ba, har ma da halaye masu kyau na tushen amfanin gona – dandano, zaki, tsarin – ya dogara da abun da ke ciki, yawa da lokacin hadi. Za mu koyi yadda, da abin da kuma lokacin da za a ciyar da beets a cikin bude filin.

Me yasa ake ciyar da beets?

Beets shine amfanin gona mai wuya kuma mara tushe wanda baya buƙatar matsala mai yawa daga lambu. Amma irin wannan rashin jin daɗi sau da yawa yana wasa da mummunan barkwanci tare da masu gadaje – beets suna girma, amma ingancin amfanin gonar sa yana da ƙasa.

Ana buƙatar takin gwoza don samar da tushen amfanin gona:

• daidai da nau’ikan masu girma dabam;
• zaki da dadi;
• ba mai wuya ko fibrous ba.

Rashin saman miya zai iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa beets girma gaba daya inedible.

Lokacin girma beets, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da takin mai magani bisa ga jadawalin – kowane lokacin girma yana da nasa tsarin takin mai magani. A farkon lokacin girma, beets suna buƙatar nitrogen, a ƙarshe – phosphorus da potassium.

Don girma beets masu dadi da dadi, kuna buƙatar ciyar da su har ma a kan ƙasa mai laushi. Ana ba da zaƙi da dandano tushen amfanin gona ta sodium – ana ba da wannan kashi ga al’ada ta hanyar gabatar da sodium nitrate ko tebur gishiri a cikin ƙasa.

Yadda za a gane abin da abubuwa suka rasa beets?

Gogaggen lambu za su gane rashin abinci mai gina jiki ta bayyanar beets.

Alamomin rashin abinci mai gina jiki:

• Nitrogen Yawancin lokaci ana lura da rashin wannan kashi a farkon lokacin girma. Babban alamar ƙarancin nitrogen shine kodadde da ƙananan saman.
• Potassium. Lura a tsakiyar girma kakar. Filayen suna samun ja mai duhu har ma da launin shuɗi. Yellow spots bayyana a kan ganye, suka karkata da bushe. Idan ba a yi amfani da suturar sama a cikin lokaci ba, necrosis yana tasowa akan ganye.
• Phosphorus. Yawancin lokaci ana lura da ƙasa mai haske acidic waɗanda basu da kwayoyin halitta. Ganyen sun zama ƙanana, ɓangaren iska ya zama ja, saman ya daina girma. Tushen amfanin gona ba sa samuwa kuma ba sa tara sukari.
• Magnesium. Ƙananan ganye sun zama haske. Yellow spots bayyana a saman, sa’an nan necrotic foci.
• Sodium. Filayen suna ɗaukar launin ja.
• Bor. Jigon rubewa. Ganyen matasa ba sa girma. Ma’anar girma ya mutu.

Yawan abubuwan gina jiki na iya zama illa kamar rashin su.

Alamomin wuce gona da iri:

• Nitrogen Ganyen sun zama koren duhu, babba, m. Tushen amfanin gona na baya baya cikin girma.
• Potassium. Ci gaban girma, ganye ya zama kore mai haske, an rufe shi da tabo mai launin ruwan kasa.
• Phosphorus. Chlorosis yana bayyana akan ganye. Sa’an nan kuma ana lura da necrosis na nama a saman, ya juya rawaya kuma ya mutu.
• Magnesium. Tushen ya mutu, shuka ba ya sha alli.

Taki

Don ciyar da beets, duk hanyoyin suna da kyau. Tare da takin mai magani da aka saya, masu lambu suna yin amfani da kayan ado na halitta sosai.

Ma’adinai

Takin ma’adinai samfurin masana’antar sinadarai ne. Kuna iya siyan su a kowane kantin kayan aikin gona. Amfanin takin ma’adinai shine sauƙin amfani, ƙaddamar da abubuwan gina jiki da ingantaccen aiki.

Abin da takin ma’adinai aka bada shawarar don ciyar da beets:

• ammonium nitrate;
• urea;
• superphosphate;
• potassium sulfate;
• potassium chloride.

Na halitta

Beetroot yana amsa da kyau ga kwayoyin halitta. Takin gargajiya sun ƙunshi nau’ikan sinadirai iri ɗaya kamar siyan “sunadarai” da aka saya, kuma a cikin nau’i mai sauƙin narkewa.

Don ƙara nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, yi amfani da taki ko zubar da tsuntsaye. Itace ash yana aiki azaman tushen sauran abubuwa masu amfani. Yin amfani da waɗannan takin gargajiya guda biyu kawai, zaku iya shuka beets ba tare da takwarorinsu na ma’adinai ba.

Sauran shahararrun takin gargajiya sune humus, takin, jiko nettle, peat da sauran samfuran halitta.

Hadadden

Tare da takin ma’adinai mai sauƙi, ana iya ciyar da beets tare da hadaddun mahadi. Bambancin su daga masu sauƙi shine abun ciki na ba ɗaya ba, amma abubuwa biyu ko uku a lokaci ɗaya. Shahararrun hadadden takin zamani sune nitrophoska, ammophoska, nitroammophoska, da dai sauransu.

Don ciyar da beets, ana kuma amfani da takin mai magani masu rikitarwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da abubuwan gano abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci ga wannan amfanin gona na musamman. Godiya ga daidaitattun abubuwan abubuwa, yana yiwuwa a iyakance amfani da taki mai rikitarwa guda ɗaya a duk lokacin girma.

Dokoki da nau’ikan sutura

Ana iya amfani da takin mai magani, duka ma’adinai da kwayoyin halitta, ta hanyoyi biyu – ƙarƙashin tushen kuma ta hanyar fesa.

Tushen

Beets suna samun yawancin abincin su daga ƙasa, don haka suturar tushen shine tushen girbi mai kyau. Tushen amfanin gona ya kamata yayi girma ba kawai girman matsakaici ba, amma har ma da daɗi, kuma babban miya a tushen yana taimakawa wajen cimma wannan.

Siffofin Tufafin Tushen:

• A lokacin girma, ana aiwatar da aƙalla manyan riguna guda biyu – lokacin da ake yin tsiro kuma har sai saman ya rufe.
• Ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin hanyar maganin abinci. An zuba su a cikin ɓangarorin da aka yi na musamman 3-4 cm zurfi. Ana yin furrows tsakanin layuka. Nisa daga furrows zuwa tushen shine 5-10 cm.
• Bayan yin maganin abinci mai gina jiki, ana shayar da gadaje – wannan yana taimakawa wajen hana ƙonawa ga tushen tsarin.
• An haramta kawo sabon taki ko datti a karkashin beets. Ana kara su kawai zuwa ƙasa mara kyau, shekara guda kafin shuka beets.

Foliar

Ciyarwar foliar ta ƙunshi fesa tsire-tsire da ƙasan da ke kewaye da su. Ana gudanar da irin wannan aiki a matsayin ƙari ga kayan ado na tushen – idan ya zama dole don gaggawar cika rashi ɗaya ko wani abu.

Siffofin riguna na foliar:

• ana tsoma su cikin sauri da kuma gaba ɗaya fiye da tushen sutura;
• za a iya aiwatar da shi a kowane lokaci na lokacin girma;
• rarraba uniform tare da ƙarancin haɗarin wuce gona da iri.

Don fesa amfani da mafita:

• Uriya Don guga na ruwa – 20 g na granular taki.
• Manganese. Yi amfani da maganin ruwan hoda dan kadan. A lokacin kakar, ana fesa tsire-tsire sau 5. Irin wannan aiki yana ba da damar ba kawai don ramawa ga rashi na manganese ba, amma har ma don hana shan kashi na beets ta hanyar cututtuka na putrefactive.

Don suturar saman foliar, ana amfani da mafita na boric acid da gishiri na kowa.

Tsarin ciyar da gwoza

Lokacin girma beets, yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi amfani da takin mai magani a wasu matakai, kuma a kowane ɗayan su ana amfani da kayan ado na kayan haɓaka daban-daban.

Ana ciyar da Beets:

• a wasu matakai na lokacin girma;
• dangane da yanayin shuke-shuke;
• a lokacin ayyukan noma.

Ana amfani da taki don beets a matakai masu zuwa:

1. Shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dasa shuki. Ana shirya makirci don beets a cikin kaka da bazara. Siffofin shirya wuri don beets:
   • An kawo taki mai lalacewa a cikin fall don tono – ya kamata ya rufe yankin tare da Layer na 2 zuwa 5 cm.
   • Ana kawo gari na Dolomite ko ɓawon burodi a cikin fall – 2-3 kofuna waɗanda 1 sq. m.
   • A cikin bazara, an ƙara ash na itace a cikin ƙasa – 500 g da 1 sq. m.
   • Ƙasa mai yashi da yashi mai yashi ana hadi sau biyu – a cikin kaka da bazara. Don chernozems, ya isa a yi amfani da takin mai magani a cikin fall.
   • A cikin ƙasa mai nauyi, an gabatar da ƙara yawan adadin potassium, da sawdust, yashi da lemun tsami.
2. Lokacin shuka. A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da takin mai magani idan ba a ƙara su da wuri ba. Tufafin saman yana warwatse kai tsaye cikin tsagi. Ga kowane murabba’in mita sanya 10 g na saltpeter, superphosphate da potassium sulfate.
3. A lokacin noma. Ana amfani da manyan sutura bisa ga jadawali waɗanda kwanakin kalanda ke jagoranta da lokutan girma. Kimanin tsarin ciyarwa:
   • Ana amfani da taki a karon farko bayan rage ciyayi. Suna ɗaukar superphosphate, potassium sulfate da carbamide (urea) – 30 g kowace, narke a cikin guga na ruwa. Wannan adadin ya isa murabba’in mita 10. m.
   • Ana yin suturar saman saman ta biyu bayan makonni 3. Aiwatar da taki na abun da ke ciki kamar na farko.
   • Na uku ana aiwatar da shi a cikin makonni 2-3. Tsarinsa ya riga ya ɗan bambanta da na baya. Sha biyu superphosphate da potassium sulfate – 40 g kowace guga. An zubar da maganin da aka shirya a kan murabba’in mita 10. m. Ana shayar da wannan abun da ke ciki tare da gadaje don haɓaka ci gaban tushen amfanin gona.
   • Lokacin girma nau’in gwoza na marigayi, ana yin ƙarin miya ɗaya sau da yawa. Dole ne a yi makonni 3-4 kafin girbi.

Maganin jama’a

Lambu, ƙoƙarin samun samfur na muhalli, maye gurbin takin ma’adinai tare da kwayoyin halitta, kuma suna amfani da girke-girke na jama’a daban-daban. Ana amfani da nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan – weeds, yisti da sauran hanyoyin ingantawa.

Saline

Don ciyar da beets, yi amfani da gishiri tebur na yau da kullun, ba iodized ba. Tufafin saman gishiri shine tushen sodium, wanda zaƙi na tushen amfanin gona ya dogara da shi.

Yadda ake ciyar da beets tare da saline:

1. Tsarma 1 tbsp. l. gishiri tebur a cikin guga na ruwa.
2. Ruwa da gadaje a cikin adadin lita 10 na bayani da 1 sq. m.
3. Ciyar da sau uku a kowace kakar:
   • lokacin da tsire-tsire suka samar da ganye 6;
   • lokacin da tushen ya tsaya daga ƙasa ta 3 cm;
   • rabin wata bayan rigar gishiri saman da ya gabata.

Ana amfani da maganin gishiri ba kawai don suturar tushen ba, har ma don fesa. Suna da mahimmanci musamman idan ganye sun juya ja – wannan alamar yana nuna rashin sodium. Don ciyar da foliar a kowace lita 10 na ruwa, ɗauki gishiri sau biyu – 2 tbsp. l.

Lokacin amfani da suturar saman gishiri, ya zama dole a kiyaye sashi sosai. Ƙara yawan gishiri mai gishiri yana haifar da salinization na ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da mummunar tasiri ga ci gaban amfanin gona.

Zubar da kaza

Zubar da tsuntsaye shine tushen karimci na nitrogen. Sabili da haka, ana amfani dashi a farkon matakin ciyayi na gwoza. Wannan suturar saman tana da amfani akan kowace ƙasa, amma yana nuna mafi girman tasiri akan ƙasa acidic.

Yadda ake shafa taki:

• Tsarma da zuriyar dabbobi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:12. Ba za a iya zubar da maganin kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin tushen ba – suna iya ƙonewa.
• Zuba dattin datti kawai a cikin ramukan da aka haƙa na musamman ko tsakanin layuka kawai. Yawan amfani da taki na kaza da 1 sq. m – 1-1,2 lita.

Nettle jiko

Wannan sanannen taki ne a tsakanin masu lambu, tare da taimakon abin da ake ba da beets tare da abubuwan da ake buƙata da bitamin.

Yadda ake yin suturar nettle:

• Zabi matasa nettles – kuna buƙatar tsire-tsire waɗanda tsaba ba su bayyana ba tukuna.
• Saka 3 kg na yankakken nettle a cikin ganga 30 l kuma cika da ruwa.
• Rufe ganga tare da murfi kuma a bar shi don shayarwa.
• Bayan kwanaki 4-7, jiko yana shirye don amfani. Shayar da su tare da beets sau 1-2 a wata, 1/2 lita ga kowane shuka.

Jikowar sako

Ko da weeds za a iya amfani da su ciyar da beets. Bayan ciyawa, kada ku yi gaggawar jefar da ciyawa – zaku iya yin taki mai kyau daga ciki.

Yadda ake shirya jiko na weeds:

• Saka ciyawa a cikin ganga – yakamata su ɗauki kusan kashi uku na ƙarar sa.
• Zuba ruwa a cikin ganga har zuwa sama kuma a bar a sha.
• Bayan kwanaki 5-7, jiko yana shirye. Tsarma shi da ruwa 1:10 kuma shayar da beets. An ba da izinin zuba wannan suturar saman kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin tushen tsire-tsire. A karkashin kowane shuka – 1 l.
• Ruwa da beets tare da tincture ciyawa sau 1 a cikin rabin wata.

Ash jiko

Itace ash yana da daraja a matsayin tushen phosphorus da potassium. Hakanan yana dauke da boron, magnesium, jan karfe. Ash yana inganta tsarin ƙasa, yana lalata ƙasa acidic.

Ana ciyar da beets tare da toka sau biyu:

• Nan da nan bayan shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa.
• A mataki na samuwar da girma na tushen amfanin gona.

Yadda ake shirya maganin ash:

• tsoma gilashin toka biyu a cikin guga na ruwa;
• bar toka don 2 hours kuma nan da nan shayar da gadaje.

Yisti

Yisti na al’ada don yin burodi, wanda aka gabatar a cikin ƙasa, yana haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani waɗanda ke sarrafa kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa, suna cinye shi da potassium da nitrogen.

Yisti dressing inganta ci gaban tushen tsarin da kuma kara da shuka rigakafi.

Girke-girke № 1:

• Yisti mai rai – 1 kg. Tsarma su a cikin lita 5 na ruwa.
• Zuba yisti na 2 hours.
• Ƙara ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10.

Recipe № 2:

• A cikin lita 10 na ruwa, tsoma 10 g busassun yisti da 2 tbsp. l. Sahara.
• Nace 2 hours.
• Tsarma da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 5.

Ana shayar da Beets tare da maganin yisti sau uku:

• A cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan germination.
• Kwanaki 20 bayan ciyarwar farko. Tufafi na biyu na saman ya faɗi a watan Yuni.
• Kusan watanni biyu bayan rigar farko ta farko, ana amfani da rigar saman yisti na ƙarshe a cikin watan Agusta.

Boric acid

Boric acid shine …