A cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi na Siberiya, zaku iya samun girbi mai kyau na gwoza, amma saboda wannan kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’in kayan lambu masu dacewa, waɗanda masu shayarwa ke bi da su musamman don noma a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Wadanne nau’ikan beets sun dace da yanayin Siberiya kuma suna nuna kyakkyawan rayuwa, karanta a gaba.
Siberian flat 167/367
An yi amfani da beets na tebur a tashar kayan lambu na Yammacin Siberian kuma tun 1952 an ba da shawarar yin noma a yankunan Yammacin Siberiya da Gabashin Siberian. Yana da nau’ikan ripening da wuri – riga bayan kwanaki 62-90 daga lokacin germination, zai faranta muku rai da girbi na albarkatu mai daɗi tare da halaye masu zuwa:
- nauyi – matsakaicin 190-350 g, amma akwai shugabannin yin la’akari 400 g;
- tsawo – 5-8 cm;
- diamita – 7,5-12,5 cm;
- launin fata – Jajayen duhu;
- nama – m da m, ruwan hoda-ja launin ruwan hoda tare da purple tint.
Tare da kulawa mai dacewa daga murabba’in 1. m gadaje za su iya tattara 2,8-6,8 kilogiram na ‘ya’yan itace. Hakanan ana kimanta nau’ikan don jurewar fure da cercosporosis.
Bordeaux 237
Wani nau’in zaɓi na gida, wanda aka girma a Siberiya tun daga karni na karshe. Wannan shi ne matsakaici-farko gwoza – game da 95-110 kwanaki wuce daga fitowan na seedlings zuwa fasaha girma na tushen amfanin gona.
Al’adar tana ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da kawuna masu zagaye ko zagaye-zagaye masu nauyin 250-500 g da diamita 12-15 cm. Ruwan ruwan ‘ya’yan itace yana da taushi sosai kuma yana da ɗanɗano, yana juyewa zuwa launin ja mai duhu kuma yana samun babban abun ciki na sukari. A kan yanke, ‘ya’yan itacen sun kasance iri ɗaya tare da zoben da ba a san su ba.
Bakin fata mai duhu na ‘ya’yan itacen yana da ƙarfi kuma mai yawa, don haka kayan lambu masu girma ba su fashe ba kuma suna ƙarƙashin ajiya na dogon lokaci.
Daga 1 sq. m mãkirci, za ka iya tattara 4-8 kg na irin ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Yanayin yanayi mara kyau ba zai shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa ba, duk da haka, irin wannan sakamakon zai yiwu idan shuka ya lalace ta hanyar mildew ko cercosporosis.
Bayani na A-463
Tsakanin farkon iri-iri ya gabatar da Cibiyar Bincike ta Duk-Russian Cibiyar Zaɓar Zaɓuɓɓuka da Samar da iri na Kayan lambu. An girma a cikin yankuna na tsakiya da na Ural tun daga 1943. Al’adun sun dace daidai da sanyi da kwanaki 70-100 bayan germination suna ba da amfanin gona mai tushe tare da halaye masu zuwa:
- auna nauyi daga 150 zuwa 400 g;
- sami siffar lebur ko zagaye mai faɗi tare da kauri mai kauri mai kauri;
- suna da fata mai yawa, mai launin ja ja, amma launin toka a gindi;
- ya bambanta a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara na burgundy tare da zoben baki.
Beetroot wanda ba a kwatanta shi ba yana da girma – daga gadaje na 1 sq. m za ku iya samun har zuwa kilogiram 7 na ‘ya’yan itace. Ana samun irin waɗannan alamun saboda babban rigakafi na shuka, juriya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi, cercosporosis da flowering.
Tushen amfanin gona an adana shi daidai, don haka masu lambu sukan yi amfani da iri-iri a lokacin kaka-hunturu.
Furor
Masu lambu a cikin yankin Siberiya sau da yawa sun fi son shuka nau’in gwoza tare da farkon lokacin girma don samun matsakaicin yawan kayan lambu, amma a lokaci guda suna ciyar da ƙaramin lokaci da ƙoƙari. A saboda wannan dalili, sau da yawa suna zaɓar nau’in Furor iri ɗaya, ɗayan farkon nau’in wannan amfanin gona tare da lokacin girma na kwanaki 70-90. Bred a tashar gwajin kayan lambu ta Yammacin Siberian.
Itacen yana ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da tsire-tsire masu duhu masu duhu masu nauyin 150-300 g, waɗanda ba sa girma kuma suna riƙe girman kasuwancin su. Suna da kyawawan halayen ɗanɗano waɗanda ba sa lalacewa ko da lokacin da aka adana beets na watanni 7-8.
Furor yana da tsiro guda ɗaya kuma baya buƙatar siriri, kuma yawan shukar sa ya kai kashi 30% ƙasa da na nau’ikan tsiro da yawa kamar Bordeaux.
Daga 1 sq. m gadaje, za ka iya tattara 2-3 kg na tushen amfanin gona, amma idan ka tsawanta lokacin girma zuwa kwanaki 90-100, za ka iya kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa zuwa 5-6 kg.
girma guda ɗaya
Tun daga shekarar 1976, an ba da shawarar yin amfani da wannan nau’in masu kiwo na cikin gida, waɗanda aka haifa a Cibiyar Nazarin Rasha ta Rasha ta Kiwo da Haɓaka iri a cikin yankunan arewa. A cikin kwanaki 72-81 bayan germination, yana kawo tushen amfanin gona tare da sigogi masu zuwa:
- nauyi – daga 300 zuwa 600 g;
- tsari – lebur mai zagaye ko zagaye;
- launi – duhu purple ko zurfin burgundy;
- fata – santsi, m;
- nama – m da m, ba tare da zobba.
Daga 1 sq. m gadaje, za ka iya tattara game da 4 kilogiram na tushen amfanin gona, wanda ke da kyakkyawan kiyayewa, don haka ana amfani da iri-iri sau da yawa a cikin hunturu da kaka. Saboda kyakkyawan dandano da kyawawan launi, ana iya cin beets sabo ne ko amfani da su don shirya jita-jita daban-daban.
Gwoza guda ɗaya yana nuna juriya ga cercosporosis, phomosis da florescence. Beetroot Virovskaya iri ɗaya yana da halaye iri ɗaya, amma lokacin ciyayi shine kwanaki 125.
Flat na Masar
A cikin 1943, masu shayarwa na Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta Tsakiyar Chernozem Strip mai suna VV Dokuchaev, bisa nau’ikan nau’ikan kasashen waje, sun haifar da gwoza na Masar, wanda aka ba da shawarar don noma a yankin Gabashin Siberiya. Iri-iri yana da matsakaicin marigayi kuma kusan kwanaki 94-120 bayan germination yana samar da tushen tushen amfanin gona tare da halaye masu zuwa:
- nauyi – 300-500 g, amma akwai kawunan da nauyinsu ya kai 600 g;
- diamita – 13 cm;
- tsari – lebur mai zagaye, tare da ƙaramin kai;
- launi – Jajayen duhu;
- nama – ja mai arziki mai launin shuɗi, mai taushi, mai daɗi da ɗanɗano.
Daga 1 sq. m gadaje za a iya tattara a kan talakawan 5-7 kg na tushen amfanin gona, amma a wasu shekaru yawan amfanin ƙasa zai iya kai 9 kg. Iri-iri ba ya jin tsoron flowering kuma ana bada shawara don amfani a lokacin bazara-kaka.
Dangane da wannan gwoza, masu shayarwa na tashar gwaji ta VIR Polar sun haifar da nau’in Polar Flat K-249, wanda kuma ya dace da girma a Siberiya, amma yana da girman angular da girman kai, tushen axial mai kauri da zurfin nutsewa. na tushen amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa.
Mulatto
Duk da sunan mai ban mamaki, Mulatto beetroot nasara ce ta masu kiwon gida. An bred iri-iri a cikin ƙarshen 80s kuma ya sami shahara ba kawai a cikin Rasha ba, har ma a ƙasashen waje. Matsakaici-farkon beets – amfanin gona za a iya girbe kwanaki 125 bayan bayyanar harbe. Tushen amfanin gona yana da halaye masu zuwa:
- nauyi daga 160 zuwa 350 g;
- tsari – kyakkyawa mai zagaye, santsi kuma har ma;
- launi – maroon ciki da waje, purple a cikin axial kashin baya;
- nama – m da m, ba tare da cylindrical zobba a yanke.
Wadannan tushen amfanin gona suna da kyakkyawan ingancin kiyayewa, don haka ana iya shuka su don adana dogon lokaci kuma a ci su a cikin hunturu. Bugu da kari, suna jure zirga-zirga a cikin nesa mai nisa, don haka galibi manoma ne suke noma su akan sikelin masana’antu. Yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 258-447 q/ha. Hakanan ana daraja al’adun don jure yanayin zafi.
Masu dafa abinci suna son Mulatto beets don juiciness da shiri mai sauri. Zai yi cikakkiyar borsch da marinades, kamar yadda ba ya rasa launi na asali ko da bayan dogon magani mai zafi.
Podzimnaya A-474
Domin hunturu shuka da samun farkon girbi a Siberiya, za ka iya girma da-kafa Podzimnyaya A-474 iri-iri, bred a 1952 a All-Russian Research Institute of kayan lambu kiwo da Seed Production. Lokacin daga germination zuwa girma na fasaha yana ɗaukar kwanaki 55-101.
Tushen amfanin gona zagaye ne ko rabin madauwari a siffar kuma suna auna 200-400 g. Fuskokinsu ɗan ƙanƙara ne, kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara na da tsananin launin ja mai duhu, mai taushi da daɗi. Yana da kyau don dafa abinci na gida, adanawa da sarrafawa.
Daga 1 sq. m gadaje za ku iya samun 3,6-6,5 kilogiram na irin waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Rage yawan amfanin ƙasa ba ya shafar faɗuwar zafin jiki, cercosporosis da fure, kamar yadda iri-iri ke nuna juriya gare su.
Mai jure sanyi-19
Daban-daban tebur beets daga Belarushiyanci Research Institute of Dankali da Horticulture, wanda aka amince da namo kusan a ko’ina cikin Rasha tun 1973. Girbi fadowa a kan 60-75th rana daga lokacin da bayyanar seedlings. Tushen amfanin gona mai sanyi yana da halaye masu zuwa:
- nauyi – 145-250 g;
- diamita – 10-12 cm;
- tsayi – 6-8 cm;
- tsari – lebur mai zagaye;
- fata – santsi, duhu ja launi;
- nama – burgundy, m da m.
Yawan amfanin gona shine matsakaici – daga 3,3 zuwa 4,2 kg a kowace murabba’in 1. Iri-iri ba ya tsoron ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka.
Paul F1
Yaren mutanen Holland iri-iri tare da matsakaicin lokacin girma – daga lokacin fitowar harbe zuwa girmar fasaha na tushen amfanin gona, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 108-115.
Yana ba da ‘ya’yan itace ba babba ba, amma ‘ya’yan itace iri ɗaya tare da halaye masu zuwa:
- nauyi daga 118 zuwa 455 g;
- tsari – zagaye, ba tare da rashin daidaituwa ba, tare da ƙananan wutsiya;
- fata – santsi, bakin ciki, ja mai duhu tare da tint mai ruwan hoda;
- nama – m da m, uniform tsanani launi burgundy, ba tare da haske radial zobba da veins.
Daga 1 sq. m gadaje, za ka iya tattara 6-7,5 kilogiram na tushen amfanin gona tare da kasuwanci mai kyau da dandano halaye. Matasan Pablo baya jin tsoron bolting da cercosporosis, kuma yana nuna kyakkyawan ingancin kiyayewa yayin ajiyar hunturu.
Sabbin hybrids na zaɓi na Yaren mutanen Holland
A cikin yanayin Siberiya, hybrids na masu shayarwa na Dutch sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau. Shahararru daga cikinsu akwai kamar haka:
- Ruwa F1. Matasa na farko, wanda, bayan kwanaki 85-90 daga lokacin germination, ya kawo zagaye, uniform a cikin siffar da girman tushen tare da matsakaicin nauyi (250-350 g). Naman kayan lambu yana da nau’in launin ja mai duhu ba tare da zoben radial ba, kuma fatar jiki iri ɗaya ce, santsi kuma mai yawa. An shuka matasan ne bisa ga al’ada don samar da katako na farko.
- Aiki F1. Iri-iri na tsakiyar kakar da ke ba da ‘ya’ya a cikin kwanaki 105 tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu nauyin 240-350 g, ja mai duhu kuma tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara ba tare da zobba ba. Dandanin beets yana da m kuma mai dadi, don haka ana amfani dashi sosai a dafa abinci. Itacen yana da ganye a tsaye da tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, godiya ga wanda yake jure duk canjin yanayin zafi.
Tare da ingantaccen fasahar noma daga murabba’in 1. m gadaje za ka iya samun har zuwa 9,5 kg na sabo ne tushen amfanin gona.
3 iri don ajiya a Siberiya
Irin gwoza na tsakiyar kaka da hybrids suna cika cikakke a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, duk da yanayin yanayi mara kyau, kuma suna nuna kyakkyawan ingancin adana hunturu. Daga cikin su, mafi dacewa don girma a Siberiya sune:
- Bravo. Bred a cikin 1997 a tashar gwajin kayan lambu ta Yammacin Siberian. Yana ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da tushen burgundy mai zagaye, wanda nauyinsa ya kai 200-650 g, launin ja ne mai duhu, kuma dandano mai laushi, m da sukari. Bangaran ruwa ba shi da zoben halaye. Daga 1 sq. m za su iya tattara daga 7 zuwa 9 kg na irin waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Irin nau’in yana da matukar juriya ga cercosporosis, amma yana iya shafar gwoza midge.
- RokaF1. Wani matasan tsakiyar kakar daga masu shayarwa na Yaren mutanen Holland, wanda ke ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da amfanin gona na cylindrical elongated mai nauyin 300 g kowace. Fata yana da bakin ciki da duhu ja, ba tare da rassan ba, kuma naman yana da m, burgundy-purple, ba tare da zobba ba. Daga 1 sq. m gadaje za ka iya samun 5,5-7 kg na tushen amfanin gona. Matasan za su farantawa da kyau germination (75-80%) na tsaba, babban yawan aiki da juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban.
- Muhimmancin Silinda. Wakilin al’ada na zaɓi na Yaren mutanen Holland, wanda ke ba da ‘ya’yan itace tare da tushen cylindrical ja mai duhu tare da ɗan ƙaramin tip. Bangararen yana da taushi kuma mai ɗanɗano, launin shuɗi mai duhu, ba tare da ɗigon haske ba. Shugabannin kansu sun kai 3.5-6 cm a diamita, kuma a cikin taro – daga 200 zuwa 450 g. Daga 1 sq. m gadaje za ka iya samun 3,8-5,7 kg ‘ya’yan itace.
An gabatar da nau’ikan beets na Siberiya a cikin nau’ikan iri-iri, don haka kowane mai lambu zai iya zaɓar al’adun da ya dace da halayensa. Idan ana so, ana iya shuka iri da yawa akan gado ɗaya don zaɓar mafi kyawun zaɓi don kakar gaba.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
