Silinda beets – nau’in tebur na tsakiyar kakar

Silinda beetroot ne tare da siffa mai tsayi na asali wanda za’a iya girma cikin sauƙi a cikin yanayin yanayi. A iri-iri za su faranta ba kawai unpretentiousness, amma kuma m iyawa, high yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma mai kyau kiyaye quality. Kara karantawa game da halaye da hanyoyin noma amfanin gona.

Beet Silinda

Silinda beets za a iya adana na dogon lokaci

Silinda gwoza ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da ɗanɗano kuma mai daɗi

Bayani iri-iri

Masu shayarwa na Holland sun yi amfani da gwoza Silinda a cikin karni na karshe, kuma a cikin 1998 an haɗa shi a cikin Rajista na Tsire-tsire na Tarayyar Rasha bisa buƙatar kamfanin noma na Marinda. Ana iya samun halayensa a cikin tebur:

Siga

Bayani

Lokacin ripening iri-iri shine tsakiyar kakar – lokacin daga germination zuwa girma na fasaha shine kwanaki 110-130. A cikin yanayin hanyar noma na seedling, lokacin samuwar tushen amfanin gona ya ragu da makonni 3. An horar da yankuna Al’adu a ko’ina a kan ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha, Ukraine da Moldova. Ana shuka shi a cikin filayen lambu, gida da ƙananan gonaki. Silinda beets suna jure wa fari kuma ana samun nasarar noma su a yankunan kudancin ko da rashin shayarwa. Bugu da ƙari, yana jure wa ƙananan sanyi a ƙasa, saboda haka ana samun shi a cikin yankunan arewa. Hanyar girma Babban fasalin nau’in shine cewa tushen yana samuwa a saman ƙasa kuma kawai kashi uku na tsawon suna nutsewa cikin ƙasa. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe tsarin tsaftace su kuma yana adana sarari a cikin lambun. Leaf rosette karami ne kuma madaidaiciya. Ganyayyaki masu matsakaicin girman kansu suna elongated, masu sheki, da launin kore mai haske tare da sabanin jijiyoyi ruwan hoda-purple. A gefunansu, ana iya gani. Petiole bai yi tsayi da yawa ba kuma, kamar veins, yana da tsananin launi tare da anthocyanins. Bayyanar tushen amfanin gona Beet Cylinder yana ba da ‘ya’ya tare da tushen amfanin gona tare da halaye masu zuwa:

• tsari – elongated cylindrical, lebur, ko da dan kadan mai lankwasa tare da karamin nuni;
• ma’auni – har zuwa 16 cm tsayi kuma 4-7 cm a diamita;
• nauyi daga 250 zuwa 600 g;
• fata – bakin ciki da duhu ja ko burgundy tare da ɗan ƙaramin kore mai launin kore a cikin yanki na ɓangaren tushen amfanin gona;
• nama – ja ja mai duhu, ba tare da fayyace zobba ba, mai taushi da laushi.

Ku ɗanɗani da Manufar Wannan beetroot yana da kyakkyawan dandano mai daɗi da ƙanshi mai daɗi, don haka ya dace da dalilai daban-daban:

• danye amfani (ƙara ga salads kayan lambu);
• dafa abinci iri-iri;
• kiyayewa.

Abu na musamman na wannan gwoza shine cewa yana dafa abinci da sauri kuma baya canza launi. Bayan tafasa, kayan lambu kuma za a iya stewed.

Yawan aiki Daga murabba’in 1. m gadaje, a matsakaita, yana yiwuwa a tattara har zuwa kilogiram 8-10 na amfanin gona na tushen, amma tare da kulawa mai kyau da ƙarancin sanya kayan amfanin gona a cikin lambun, wannan adadi zai iya tsalle har zuwa kilogiram 12. Tsayawa ingancin iri-iri yana da tsayayya ga manyan cututtukan nau’in kuma, a ƙarƙashin yanayin ajiya mai kyau, na iya kwanciya ba tare da alamun rot ba har tsawon watanni 4-7.

Hakanan an kwatanta halayen nau’in Silinda a cikin bidiyon da ke ƙasa:

Hanyoyin saukarwa da kwanakin

Babban hanyar girma beets shine dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Ana amfani da hanyar seedling ƙasa akai-akai, tunda ba ta da tasiri don dalilai guda biyu:

• ƙananan harbe suna yin tushe da zafi;
• seedlings ba su yarda da yanayin zafi ba.

Ana amfani da dasa beets ta hanyar tsire-tsire a cikin yankuna na Arewa, yankin Volga da Siberiya, saboda yana ba ku damar haɓaka ripening na tushen amfanin gona kusan wata ɗaya.

Dangane da lokacin saukarwa, ana iya yin shi a cikin lokuta biyu:

• A cikin bazara. Tsananin sanyi na iya haifar da samuwar ciyawar fure, don haka yakamata a fara dasa shuki bayan farkon yanayin dumin kwanciyar hankali. A wannan lokacin, ƙasa ya kamata ta dumi zuwa +6…+8 ° C, kuma zafin iska ya kamata ya zama aƙalla +13 ° C. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana saita irin waɗannan yanayi a cikin Afrilu ko a cikin shekaru na biyu ko na uku na Mayu. Shuka tsaba a cikin bazara yana faruwa akan shimfidar wuri.
• A cikin kaka kafin hunturu. Lokacin shuka hunturu ya faɗi a ƙarshen Oktoba – farkon Nuwamba. A cikin kaka, ana shuka tsaba a cikin furrows, wanda ke kiyaye tazara na girman iri ɗaya.

Idan an girma amfanin gona a cikin seedlings, to, ya zama dole don shuka iri don seedlings a watan Afrilu, don a iya dasa tsire-tsire masu tauri a cikin lambun a watan Mayu.

Zaɓin wurin da shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Zai fi kyau shuka beets a cikin gado mai faɗin 100 cm kuma tsayin aƙalla cm 20. Lokacin zabar wurin da ya dace, yakamata a kula da sigogi masu zuwa:

• Haske. Wannan ya kamata ya zama wuri mai haske: yawan hasken rana da ganyen ke samu, launi na tushen ya zama mafi girma. Dangane da wannan, bai kamata a dasa beets a bayan shinge da kuma gefen arewa na dogayen amfanin gona ko bishiyoyin da ke yin inuwa.
• Girma. Zai fi kyau shuka beets a cikin babban gado. Ba a cika ambaliya da ruwa mai yawa ba, don haka al’adun za a kiyaye su daga ruɓewar tushen tsarin.
• Magabata. Idan an horar da wasu nau’ikan beets ko alayyafo akan shafin a kakar wasa ta ƙarshe, to kuna buƙatar nemo wani wuri. Mafi kyawun magabata sune irin waɗannan al’adu:
  • kabeji;
  • dankalin farko;
  • kokwamba;
  • baka;
  • kabewa;
  • zucchini;
  • karas.
• ƙasa. Ya kamata ya zama sako-sako da kuma m tare da ƙasa zuwa tsaka tsaki acidity (pH 6-7). Idan acidity na ƙasa yana da girma, to wannan zai cutar da yawan amfanin ƙasa, dandano da kiyaye ingancin beets. Sabili da haka, kafin shuka tsaba, dole ne a sauke shi, ta amfani da lemun tsami ko dolomite gari a cikin nauyin 0,5-1 kg a kowace 1 sq. m.

Dole ne a shirya wurin da ke da sigogi masu dacewa da kyau, yana manne da fasaha mai zuwa:

1. A cikin fall, tono gado kuma cire duk tarkacen shuka. Manyan clods ba sa buƙatar karyewa, tunda a cikin wannan nau’in za su fi jure sanyi sanyi, kuma cututtuka da kwari za su mutu.
2. A cikin bazara, yi amfani da takin mai magani na ma’adinai (kowane 1 sq M):
   • 15-20 g na ammonium nitrate ko 20-30 g na ammonium sulfate;
   • superphosphate – 30-40 g;
   • 10-15 g na potassium chloride.

   A cikin yanayin ƙasa marar haihuwa, yana da daraja ƙara takin gargajiya don beets:

3. A cikin kaka – 4-5 kg ​​na sabo ne taki da 1 sq. m.
4. A cikin bazara kafin dasa shuki – 2-3 kg na humus ko 3-4 kilogiram na takin da 1 sq. m.

Wajibi ne a yi amfani da taki a cikin matsanancin yanayi, tun da yake yana taimakawa wajen samar da adadi mai yawa na tushen, amma ba ya ƙyale tushen amfanin gona ya zuba kuma ya sami halayen halayen. Bugu da kari, taki yana haifar da nakasu ga tushen amfanin gona da raguwar yawan amfanin gonakin iri-iri.

sarrafa iri

Dole ne a jera kayan dasawa da girman kuma a sanya su a cikin maganin shuka kafin shuka, tare da bin jagororin masu zuwa:

1. Duba tsaba don germination. Don yin wannan, jiƙa su a cikin ruwan gishiri. Samfuran da aka yi iyo suna da zurfi, don haka dole ne a kawar da su, kuma sauran nau’in dole ne a ci gaba da sarrafa su.
2. Don hardening, fara jiƙa tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i 2-3 a cikin ruwan zafi, sa’an nan kuma adadin guda a cikin ruwan sanyi.
3. Don manufar disinfection, bi da tsaba tare da jiko na itace ash ko ruwan hoda bayani na potassium permanganate. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da abubuwan haɓaka girma (Zircon, Epin). A wanke tsaba bayan magani.
4. Idan kuna shirin yin amfani da hanyar shuka shuka, ana sanya kayan dasa a cikin yanayi mai laushi na kwanaki 1-2 don germination.

Dasa beets

Kafin shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata a shayar da gado sosai, kuma bayan haka – mulched da moistened. Mafi kyawun tsarin shuka shine kamar haka:

• nisa tsakanin tsaba a jere – 8-10 cm;
• jeri jeri – 25-28 cm;
• Zurfin jeri iri a lokacin shukar bazara shine 2-3 cm, kuma tare da shuka hunturu – 3-4 cm.

Yana da daraja a jefa tsaba 3 a cikin ramuka domin tushen amfanin gona ya tabbatar da girma a cikin kowannensu.

A cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali (+ 20 ° C da sama), sprouts zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 4-5. A kwanakin sanyi, za su jira tsawon makonni. Don hanzarta fitowar su, amfanin gona yana buƙatar rufe shi da fim ko spunbond.

Idan an girma beets ta hanyar tsire-tsire, ya kamata a la’akari da cewa don rayuwa mai kyau, ya kamata a yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsayi waɗanda ke da tsayi aƙalla 7 cm. Babban tushen ya kamata a rage dan kadan kuma a saukar da shi a cikin ramukan da aka shirya bisa ga makircin da aka nuna a baya, sa’an nan kuma a jika kuma a hankali a hankali. Aikin saukowa yana da kyau a yi a cikin yanayin girgije.

Kulawar Beetroot

Nau’in Silinda ba abin sha’awa ba ne, amma yana buƙatar aiwatar da aikace-aikacen kan lokaci na yawan ma’auni na agrotechnical.

Ruwa

Ya kamata ya zama mai yawa kawai a mataki na germination iri, samuwar tsarin tushen da kuma zubar da amfanin gona. Sauran lokacin shuka ya kamata a danshi yayin da ƙasa ta bushe.

Domin dukan lokacin rani, ya isa ya shayar da beets sau 2-3 a cikin adadin 2-3 buckets na ruwa da 1 sq. m. Duk da haka, a cikin bushewar yanayi, ana iya shayar da shuka sau 5-6, amma a kowane hali bai kamata a shayar da ƙasa ba, saboda wannan yana cike da rushewar tushen.

Ana yin shayarwa mafi kyau a cikin tsagi da aka shirya kowane 25 cm daga dasa. Kuna iya ƙara gishiri tebur zuwa ruwa a cikin adadin 1 tbsp. l. ku 10 l. Irin wannan magudi zai kare amfanin gona daga kwari, da kuma ƙara yawan sukari na beets kuma ya ba shi launin burgundy mai laushi.

Watering dole ne a katse gaba daya makonni 2 kafin girbi da aka shirya, in ba haka ba za su yi illa ga kiyaye ingancin amfanin gona.

Noman ƙasa

Wajibi ne a aiwatar da tsarin weeding da sassauta tazarar layi don tushen shuke-shuke su sami adadin iskar oxygen da danshi.

A lokacin germination na beets, gado kuma ya kamata a ciyawa sau biyu don kiyaye microclimate mafi kyau a cikin ƙasa kuma ya riƙe abubuwan gina jiki a ciki.

Bakin ciki

Beets suna buƙatar yin bakin ciki sau biyu bisa ga wannan makirci:

1. A cikin lokaci na 1-2 ganye na gaskiya – a nesa na 3-4 cm.
2. A cikin lokaci na 4-5 ganye na gaskiya, lokacin da tushen amfanin gona ya kai 3-5 cm a diamita, – a nesa na 8-10 cm (kada ku yi tsayayya da manyan gibba, saboda saboda wannan, amfanin gona na iya girma har zuwa 3-5 cm). 2 kg).

Wajibi ne don aiwatar da thinning a cikin kwanaki masu hadari a kan rigar da ƙasa mai kwance. Za a iya yanke tushen dan kadan. Filaye bai kamata ya wuce 8 cm ba, in ba haka ba shuka ba zai iya yin tushe ba.

Ciyarwa

A cikin ƙasa, dole ne koyaushe ku kula da adadin abubuwan gano abubuwan da suka dace. Don yin wannan, beets dole ne a takin aƙalla sau biyu:

1. Bayan na farko thinning. A matsayin farkon suturar farko, yana da kyau a yi amfani da abubuwan gina jiki tare da abun ciki na nitrogen.
2. Har zuwa lokacin da korewar ta rufe a cikin magudanar ruwa. A wannan lokacin, tushen amfanin gona na rayayye ne, wanda ke buƙatar potassium, phosphorus, magnesium da boron. Don rama rashin su, ana iya ciyar da beets tare da ash itace ko jiko na ganye.

Yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da takin mai magani don ciyar da amfanin gona don kada ‘ya’yan itatuwa su tara nitrates.

Kariya daga cututtuka da kwari

Beet Cylinder yana da rigakafi mai kyau ga cututtuka daban-daban, don haka babu buƙatar aiwatar da wani rigakafin yayin kiyaye ka’idodin juyawa da noma.

Duk da haka, akwai abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• Tsarin ƙasa ya cika da abubuwa masu sinadarai;
• kurakurai a cikin noma da sarrafa wurin saukarwa;
• wuce kima m fit;
• stagnation na danshi, danshi;
• daukan hotuna na matasa seedlings zuwa sanyi.

Duk wannan yana iya haifar da cututtuka kamar:

• Fomoz. Cutar cututtukan fungal da ke haifar da ruɓewar ainihin ‘ya’yan itace da samuwar aibobi akan ƙananan ganye. Ci gaba a kan tushen rashin boron. Don kare amfanin gona, dole ne a bi da gadaje tare da boric acid.
• Tushen ƙwaro ko “baƙar ƙafa”. Wannan shi ne sakamakon rashin iskar oxygen, ƙasa mai nauyi da damshi fiye da kima. Ya kamata a lalata tsire-tsire marasa lafiya nan da nan, kuma a sassauta ƙasa a tsakanin layuka kuma a ciyar da su da alli ko lemun tsami don ƙara yawan acidity. Ba zai zama abin ban mamaki ba don ƙara boron.
• raɓa karya. Yana barin murfin lilac-launin toka a saman. Yana haifar da bushewa da ruɓewar shuka. Kawai fungicides zasu taimaka akan cutar.
• launin ruwan kasa rot. Yana bayyana a matsayin farin rufi akan tushen amfanin gona saboda yawan danshi da nitrogen a cikin …