White beets: bayanin, fasali na dasa shuki da girma

Farin beets suna da ban mamaki a cikin lambuna na gida, gidajen rani da kan menu na Rasha. Tushen amfanin gona ba shi da ƙasa a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin bitamin da ma’adanai ga danginsa ja, yana kama da noma, amma yana da ɗanɗano mai laushi da zaƙi.

Bayanin farin beets

Beetroot shine tsire-tsire na herbaceous na shekara-shekara na dangin Amaranth. A cikin shekara ta farko na noma, yana samar da babban amfanin gona mai tushe, kuma a cikin na biyu – peduncle wanda tsaba ke girma.

An kasu farar beets zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi:

• mai tsanani – daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin abincin dabbobi ko dabbobin gona. Duk tushen amfanin gona da saman shuka ana amfani da su don abinci.
• Sugar – Wannan al’adun masana’antu ne wanda ya ƙunshi sukari 18-22%. Nauyin tushen amfanin gona, dangane da iri-iri, jeri daga 300 g zuwa 3 kg. sarrafa gwoza ba shi da sharar gida. Lokacin da aka samo sukari, duk samfuran da aka samu suna samun amfani.
• Kantuna – a cikin aikin noma, a cikin lambuna na kayan lambu da kuma gidajen rani, ana shuka wannan gwoza ne musamman a matsayin shekara-shekara don shuka tushen amfanin gona na siyarwa ko don amfanin kansu.

Na gaba, za mu mayar da hankali kan farin beets. A Rasha, galibi jan beets suna shahara, a Turai da Amurka ana buƙatar farin beets. Dandano kayan marmari iri daya ne, amma tushen amfanin gona na fari sun fi taushi da dadi, kuma kamshin ya fi dadi. Bambance-bambancen waje tsakanin al’adun fari da ja:

• haske kore petioles, ba m;
• ganye gaba daya kore (babu tint purple);
• haske rawaya fata da nama.

Farin beets sun bambanta da jajayen beets saboda basu da pigment betacyanin. Wani lokaci a cikin dafa abinci aikin shine don hana abubuwan da aka gyara daga lalacewa da launin ja, to, ana amfani da wannan kayan lambu na tebur.

Iri-iri na farin beets

Akwai nau’ikan fararen beets guda uku kawai a kasuwar Rasha:

• Tauraruwar Polar;
• Avalanche;
• Zabi.

iyakacin duniya Star

Wannan nau’in yana da fasali masu zuwa:

• precocious. Tushen amfanin gona ya fara tono don gwaji kwanaki 70 bayan shuka. Idan yanayin bai dace ba don girma da haɓaka amfanin gona, to ana ba da kayan lambu wani kwanaki 10. A wannan lokacin, yana kula da girma don tara bitamin da abubuwan gano abubuwa, kwasfansa ya yi kauri, kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara ya fi juicier.
• Universal. Duka tushen amfanin gona da matasa gwoza ganye, da fleshy cuttings ana amfani da abinci.
• Neman kulawa. Yana son shayarwa akan lokaci, weeding da manyan sutura.
• Ba a iya amfani da ajiya na dogon lokaci. Tushen amfanin gona ya kasance masu dacewa kawai a farkon watanni 1-2 daga ranar girbi.

Avalanche

Wannan shi ne wanda ya yi nasara a zaɓen Ba-Amurke na 2015. Wannan nau’in yana da halaye masu zuwa:

• farkon balaga. Tushen amfanin gona ya kai girman fasaha a cikin kwanaki 70-75 bayan dasa shuki.
• ‘ya’yan itace. Matsakaicin nauyin amfanin gona ɗaya shine 250-300 g. Daga 1 sq. m tattara 6-7 kg.
• Mai jure wa cututtukan fungal. Yana da resistant zuwa cercosporosis, a fairly na kowa cuta na beets.
• Bukatar ƙasa ta haihuwa. Yana son ƙasa mai laushi, ɗan ƙaramin alkaline da ƙasa mai kyau. Yana girma da kyau idan aka taki.

Zabi

Wannan zaɓin na Ukrainian iri-iri ne. Ya bambanta a cikin irin waɗannan halaye:

• Matsakaicin balaga. Gibi yana farawa kwanaki 103-107 bayan dasa shuki.
• Matsakaici-mai bayarwa. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona shine 250-350 g. Daga 1 sq. m tattara 3-3,7 kilogiram na kayan lambu.
• Universal. Kuna iya ci duka tushen amfanin gona da saman. Ya dace da gwangwani da daskarewa.
• Ƙaunar haske. Zai fi kyau a shuka a wuri mai rana.
• Juriya ga cututtuka. Kada ku ji tsoron cututtukan fungal.

Peculiarities na girma

Ana shuka al’adun ta hanyoyi biyu: ana shuka iri nan da nan a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko kuma an fara shuka seedlings, sannan a dasa su cikin ƙasa buɗe.

An ƙaddara farkon shuka gwoza ta yanayin yanayi. Don harbin tsaba na abokantaka lokacin dasa shuki kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ya isa cewa ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa +6 … + 8 ° C. Kuma don canja wurin seedlings, ƙasa yakamata ta dumi zuwa + 12 … + 15 ° C. Yawancin lokaci shine ƙarshen Afrilu-farkon Mayu.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Shirya noman tushen amfanin gona a gaba. Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki:

Aikace-aikacen takin mai magani

Ya halatta a yi takin ƙasa a gaba da kuma nan da nan kafin dasa kanta:

• idan an shirya dasa shuki a cikin bazara, to, a cikin fall, ƙara gari na dolomite (2 tablespoons da 1 sq. M) da kuma taki rotted (1-1,5 buckets da 1 sq. M), da kuma Mix ƙasa yumbu da yashi;
• Idan babu riga-kafi na ƙasa a cikin fall, to, a cikin bazara, makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki, yi amfani da takin mai magani masu rikitarwa (bisa ga umarnin kan kunshin), kuma ƙara ash (0.5 kg a kowace sq. M);
• Idan kwanakin ƙarshe sun riga sun ƙare kuma babu lokacin jira na makonni 2, to nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, zuba nitrate, potassium sulfate da superphosphate a cikin furrows da aka kafa don shuka, 10 g a kowace murabba’in mita. m (yayyafa taki tare da ƙasa kuma kawai bayan shuka ko shuka seedlings);

Yi takin ƙasa mai yashi da yashi sau biyu – a cikin bazara da kaka.

Saukowa

Lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi zuwa mafi kyawun zafin jiki, fara shuka tsaba na gwoza ta hanyar jere:

1. Tono gadon zuwa zurfin felu na bayoneti.
2. Matakin saman Layer tare da rake, karya manyan clods na ƙasa.
3. Alama layuka, kiyaye nisa na 25 cm tsakanin su.
4. Sauƙaƙaƙa danshi ƙasa.
5. Nisa tsakanin tsaba a jere shine cm 10. Zurfin jeri shine 3-4 cm.
6. Rufe amfanin gona da ƙasa.
7. Rufe gadaje da fim lokacin da aka yi barazanar:
   • sanyi;
   • ruwan sama ya wanke shi;
   • pecking da tsuntsaye.
8. Bude shuka lokacin da harbe suka bayyana.

A cikin seedlings, dasa beets a cikin tukwane ko a ƙarƙashin ramin fim. Cire tsari ko shuka a waje lokacin da haɗarin sanyi ya wuce kuma zafin iska ya daina faɗuwa ƙasa +12 ° C.

Kar ka manta don rayayye shuka shuka daga weeds. Fara yin haka daga bayyanar sprouts kuma har zuwa lokacin da beets suka samar da ganye mai yawa.

Ruwa

Yayin da al’adunku ke girma, bi waɗannan ƙa’idodi masu sauƙi:

• Ruwa da beets tare da ruwa warmed sama a cikin rana, dangane da girma lokaci na shuka:
  • seedlings a cikin adadin 4 lita da 1 sq m;
  • girma sprouts tare da 4-6 ganye – har zuwa 10 lita da 1 sq.m;
  • balagagge shuke-shuke – 20 lita da 1 sq. m.
• Ka guji shayar da ƙasa, jiƙa ƙasa a cikin matakai 2-3.
• Yi amfani da tukunyar ruwa don kada a lalata ƙasa kuma a fallasa tushen amfanin gona.
• Sake ƙasa da ciyawa bayan kowace shayarwa don guje wa ɓarkewar ƙasa.
• Ciki gadaje don hana zubar ruwa. Yi amfani da ciyawa ko sawdust azaman rufin kariya.
• Dakatar da shayarwa makonni 3 kafin girbi.

Ƙarin bayani game da dokoki don shayar da beets, duba nan.

Ciyarwa

Don ciyar da tsire-tsire da samun girbi mai kyau, yi amfani da:

• Nitrogen takin mai magani – a mataki na kara koren taro. Dace ammonium nitrate ko urea.
• Potassium-phosphorus takin mai magani – Lokacin da aka kafa tushen amfanin gona, yi amfani da superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride.
• Boric acid – 0,5 g da lita 1 na ruwa a matakin ci gaba na ɓangaren ƙasa na shuka.
• Gishiri na tebur azaman tushen sodium – kai 1 tbsp. l. gishiri da lita 10 na ruwa. Shayar da maganin saline na shuka sau uku:
  • a mataki na samuwar ganye na 6;
  • bayan girma tushen amfanin gona sama da ƙasa ta 3 cm;
  • Makonni 2 bayan ciyarwa ta biyu.
• Margantsov – tsarma maganin ruwan hoda dan kadan, fesa shukar har sau 5 a kowace kakar.

Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da sirrin ciyar da beets anan.

Matakan Kula da Cututtuka

Beets sun fi shafar cututtukan fungal. Farin beets suna da tsayayya da su. Amma har yanzu, idan wannan ya faru, yi amfani da fungicides:

• sinadaran – cakuda Bordeaux, HOM, Rovral, Propiconazole;
• nazarin halittu – Aktofit, Planriz, Mikosan, Trichodermin, Bitoxibacillin, Phytodoctor.

Kar a manta game da aminci lokacin sarrafa tsire-tsire.

Yi maganin beets da abin ya shafa sau biyu, tare da tazara na makonni 2. Kwanaki 20 kafin girbi, ya kamata a dakatar da duk wani aiki.

Girbi da adana amfanin gona

Ana fara girbi daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Farin beets ba sa barci, don haka ku ci su a cikin ‘yan watannin farko bayan dasawa.

Kuna iya ajiye kayan lambu sabo har tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu idan kun sanya amfanin gona da aka girbe a cikin ginshiki ko cellar. Za a iya ajiye ƙananan kayan lambu a cikin firiji.

White tebur gwoza ya cancanci a girma a lokacin rani cottages a ko’ina. Shortantaccen rayuwar tushen amfanin gona yana ramawa ta ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, ɓangaren litattafan almara mai daɗi da ƙamshi mai daɗi.